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RN Exam 2 Flashcards

Mod. 3, 4, 5 (57 cards)

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1
Q

What GI assessment technique is helpful?

A 
PQRST
P- palliative or precipitating
Q- Quality or quantity
R- Region or radiation
S- Severity Scale
T- Timing
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2
Q

What are diagnostics for colorectal cancer?

A

FOBT, CEA, barium enema, CT, MRI, scope

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3
Q

What are the interventions/ tx for colorectal cancer? (including medications)

A

Pain management, treat hemorrage (if present), TNM staging, radiation, chemotherapy, surgery

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4
Q

What diagnostic tests are done to assess GI abnormalities?

A

Laboratory testing of blood, urine, and stool specimens

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5
Q

What are the S/Sx for Crohn’s Disease?

A

abd. pain, abd. distension, diarrhea, visible ulceration or fistula, wt loss, fatigue, change in stool, GI bleeding

usually 5-6 soft, loose NOT bloody stool

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6
Q

What are diagnostics for Crohn’s Disease?

A

WBC, ESR, CRP,

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7
Q

What are interventions/ tx for Crohn’sDisease? (including meds)

A

symptom managment, perineal skin care, relapse prevention, avoid foods/drinks that cause symptoms, ostomy creation
meds: sulfasalazine, predniosone, humira, imuran

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8
Q

What are complications for Crohn’sDisease?

A

fistulas, hemorrage/perforation, abscess formation, toxic megacolon, malabsorption, nonmechanical bowel obstruction, colorectal cancer, extraintestinal complications, osteoporosis

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9
Q

What are the S/Sx for Ulcerative Colitis?

A

abd. pain, abd. distension, diarrhea, visible ulceration or fistula, wt loss, fatigue, change in stool, GI bleeding

usually 10-20 liquid bloody stools

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10
Q

What are the diagnostics for Ulcerative Colitis?

A

WBC, ESR, CRP,

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11
Q

What are the interventions/ tx for Ulcerative Colitis? (including meds)

A

symptom managment, perineal skin care, relapse prevention, avoid foods/drinks that cause symptoms
meds: sulfasalazine, predniosone, humira, imuran

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12
Q

What are the complications for Ulcerative Colitis?

A

hemorrhage, abscess formation, toxic megacolon, malabsorption, nonmechanical bowel obstruction, colorectal cancer, extraintestinal complications, osteoporosis

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13
Q

What are non-lab diagnostic tests done for GI diagnosis?

A

X-rays, Barium enema, CT, MRI, Endoscopy, EGD, ERCP, , Colonoscopy, Ultrasound

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14
Q

What are non-lab diagnostic tests done for GI diagnosis?

A

X-rays, Barium enema, CT, MRI, Endoscopy, EGD, ERCP, , Colonoscopy, Ultrasound

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15
Q

What type of Xray would be done to determine a GU diagnosis?

A

KUB- kidney, ureter, bladder

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16
Q

What type of Xray would be done to determine a GU diagnosis?

A

KUB- kidney, ureter, bladder

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17
Q

What is IVP?

A

Intravenous pyelogram- contrast used during a KUB

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18
Q

What allergies would you need to be aware of before a patient gets IVP?

A

Iodine and shellfish

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19
Q

What allergies would you need to be aware of before a patient gets IVP?

A

Iodine and shellfish

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20
Q

What are the five types of urinary incontinence?

A

Stress, urge, mixed, overflow and functional

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21
Q

What is stress incontinence?

A

Body movement (i.e. laughing, sneezing, coughing) that increases bladder pressure. NOT emotional stress.

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22
Q

What is urge incontinence?

A

An urgent need to void and inability to stop urinating

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23
Q

What is mixed incontinence?

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A

Symptoms of both urge and stress

24
Q

What is overflow incontinence?

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A

Continuous leakage or dribbling of urine

25
What is functional incontinence?
s/t decreased mobility or cognitive function
26
What are diagnostic tests done to diagnose urinary incontinence?
UA (r/o infection), bladder scan
27
What interventions are done for urinary incontinence?
Wear briefs/pads, avoid activity that elicits incontinence, kegal exercises, bladder training, bladder compression techniques, intermittent catheterization, surgery. Meds: Ditropan (oxybutynin)
28
What is a UTI?
An infection anywhere in the urinary tract.
29
How can a UTI be prevented?
64 oz of water daily, frequent voiding (2-4 hrs), void after sex, avoid soaps/ perfumes/ tight-fitting pants, wear cotton underpants, women wipe front to back, take showers not baths
30
What are some interventions to avoid CAUTI?
avoid unnecessary use, aseptic tecnique, foley cares, no dependent loops
31
What are some interventions to avoid CAUTI?
avoid unnecessary use, aseptic tecnique, foley cares, no dependent loops
32
What complication can occur if UTI is not treated?
An inflammatory condition of the bladder, cystitis.
33
What is pyelonephtitis?
Bacterial infeciton in the kidney and renal pelvis (upper urinary tract)
34
What are the s/ sx of pyelonephritis?
fever, chills, flank pain, abd. discomfort, malasie, fatigue, burning, urgency, nocturia, recent UTI
35
What interventions are done for pyelonephritis?
pain maagement, antibiotcs, prevent CKD and preserve kidney fx (BP, hydration).
36
What is glomerulonephritis?
Injury and subsequent inflammation of the glomerulus
37
What are the s/ sx of glomerulonephritis?
Exposure to viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites Edema/Fluid overload Changes to urine color, clarity, odor, etc. Dysuria or oliguria Mild to moderate HTN Hematuria & Proteinuria >Cr, BUN, &
38
How is glomerulonephritis diagnosed?
Kidney biopsy
39
What is PKD?
polycystic kidney disease- Genetic disorder in which fluid filled cysts develop in the nephrons
40
What are the s/ sx of PKD?
``` Abdominal or flank pain HTN Dysuria Nocturia Increased abdominal girth Constipation Bloody or cloudy urine Sodium wasting Anuria or Oliguria ```
41
How is PKD diagnosed?
Ultrasound, MRI, or CT w/ angiography 5+ cysts = PKD diagnosis Proteinuria & hematuria >Cr, BUN, &
42
What interventions are done for PKD?
``` BP control goal 120/80 Pain management NSAID’s, Tylenol, or opioids Prevention of infection Prevention of constipation 2-3L/day of water Regular exercise Slow progression of CKD Renal diet ```
43
What is EBP?
Evidence Based Practice- Integration of current evidence to make decisions about and plan patient care Helps to guide high-quality care
44
What is QI?
Quality Improvement- Process in which the interprofessional health care team uses data to “monitor care outcomes and develop solutions to change and improve care”
45
What are the six ethical principles?
``` Autonomy- Beneficence- Nonmaleficence- Fidelity- Veracity- Justice- ```
46
What are TORTS?
Assalut, Battery, A&B, False Imprisonment, Invasion of Privacy, and Fraud
47
What are three state laws?
Mandatory Reporting Laws, Good Samaritan Laws, Nurse Practice Act
48
What are the five federal laws?
Bill of Rights, HIPAA, EMTALA, PSDA, ADA
49
What is the difference between negligence vs malpractice?
Negligence: Unintentional failure to act as a reasonable person in similar circumstances would act *Results in injury due to carelessness, not intention Malpractice: Negligence by a professional to carry out or perform duties that result in injury *Acting outside scope or practice
50
What is informed consent?
Legal protection of a client’s right to choose and make decisions regarding his/her health care
51
What is an advanced directive?
Enables autonomy when patient can’t communicate
52
What are two exampled of advanced directive?
Living will and Health Care Proxy/Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care (DPOAHC)
53
What six things should patient know/understand before signing an informed consent?
Reason for surgery Who will be performing the surgery Available options with risks/benefits explained Risks associated with surgical procedure and potential outcomes Anesthesia risks Risks, benefits, and alternatives to blood product use
54
What emergent complication can occur d/t anesthesia?
Malignant hyperthermia
55
What are the first signs of malignant hyperthermia?
>HR, RR &
56
What are the first signs of malignant hyperthermia?
>HR, RR &
57
What education does a patient need postoperative?
``` Pain control Safety Infection Drain management and dressing changes Nutrition Increase protein, Cals, Vit C Activity restrictions Medications (i.e. ABX) ```

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