RNA 1

Question 1

RNA structure

Answer 1

4 nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bond
Purines
Pyrimidines
Ribose

Question 2

RNA base pairs or nucleotides

Answer 2

Purines Adenine and guanine

Pyrimidines Cytosine and uracil

Question 3

Which RNA base pair together

Answer 3

Complementary base pairing

A=U; G≡C

Question 4

RNA purines

Answer 4

Adenine and guanine

Question 5

RNA Pyrimidines

Answer 5

Cytosine and uracil

Question 6

Synthesis of mRNA from DNA template

Answer 6

Transcription

remember this is same language so transcribing

Question 7

3 things required for transcription

Answer 7

DNA template (single strand)
RNA polymerase
Ribonucleoside triphosphates
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil

Question 8

Composition of ribonucleotide

Answer 8

ribose (5C), nitrogen base, phosphate group

Question 9

Translation

different languages

Answer 9

mRNA (nucleic acid) into protein

not same so need to translate

Question 10

First amino acid in translation

Answer 10

fmet – formyl methionine

Question 11

mRNA translated in codons

Answer 11

by ribosomes

Question 12

what is a codon

Answer 12

Three consecutive nucleotides

Question 13

Sequence of codons (mRNA) determines

Answer 13

amino acid sequence (protein)

Question 14

Translation begins at

Answer 14

start codon: AUG (methionine) (usually)

Question 15

Translation ends at

Answer 15

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 16

3 steps in translation

Answer 16

initiation, elongation, termination

Question 17

Genetic code

Answer 17

1) Universal
2) Redundant (degenerate)
3) 64 codons (61 “sense”; 3 “nonsense”)
4) Codon (mRNA) = 3 nucleotides

Question 18

tRNA (anticodon) carries

Answer 18

amino acid (3’ end)
look at slide 8 or page 4 bottom.

Question 19

Bacteria (70S ribosome)

Answer 19

30S: 16S rRNA* + 21 proteins
50S: 5S and 23S rRNA + 34 proteins

Question 20

Archaea (70S ribosome)

Answer 20

30S: 16S rRNA* + 25 proteins
50S: 5S and 23S rRNA + 39 proteins
One has 5.8S rRNA
50-70 proteins depending on species

Question 21

Eukarya (80S ribosome)

Answer 21

40S: 18S rRNA + ~33 proteins
60S: 5S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNA + ~49 proteins

Question 22

What is the general process of translation?

Answer 22

Initiation, elongation, termination

Question 23

What are some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation?

Answer 23

eukaryotic translation (cytoplasm) &transcription (nucleus) asynchronous process
prokaryotic translation/transcription is synchronous process. (same time)

Question 24

The process by which the base sequence of an RNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of a protein is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) replication
B) transcription
C) reverse transcription
D) translation

Answer 24

D) translation

Question 25

During translation elongation, which event happens last? A) A tRNA carrying an amino acid binds to the A site. B) A peptide bond forms. C) A tRNA molecule translocates from the A site to the P site. D) A tRNA molecule translocates from the P site to the E site.

Answer 25

D) A tRNA molecule translocates from the P site to the E site.

Question 26

Which is true regarding translation in bacteria? A) Translation begins with formation of the 30S initiation complex. B) Translation ends when the Shine-Dalgarno sequence is reached. C) The 70S ribosome is composed of a 20S and 50S subunit. D) All of the choices are correct.

Answer 26

A) Translation begins with formation of the 30S initiation complex.

Question 27

``` In ________, ribosomes can attach to the mRNA and begin translation even though transcription has not been completed. A) bacteria B) eukaryotes C) fungi D) protozoa and some plants ```

Answer 27

A) bacteria

Question 28

``` The process by which the base sequence of all or a portion of a DNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule is called ________. A) replication B) transcription C) reverse transcription D) translation ```

Answer 28

B) transcription

Question 29

``` bacterial ________ is the nontranscribed region of the DNA to which RNA polymerase binds in order to initiate transcription. A) operon B) operator C) promoter D) initiator ```

Answer 29

C) promoter

Question 30

Choose the correct order of proteins that function in the initiation, elongation, and termination stages of DNA replication. A) DnaA, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase B) DnaA, DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III, DNA ligase C) DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase, DnaA D) DNA polymerase I, DnaA, DNA polymerase III, DNA ligase

Answer 30

A) DnaA, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase

Question 31

``` RNA polymerase III of eukaryotes is responsible for transcribing ________. A) rRNA B) mRNA C) tRNA D) All of the choices are correct. ```

Answer 31

C) tRNA three starts with T so tRNA is III

Question 32

``` RNA polymerase II of eukaryotes is responsible for transcribing ________. A) rRNA B) mRNA C) tRNA D) All of the choices are correct. ```

Answer 32

B) mRNA