RNA Synthesis - Transcription

Question 1

What is gene expression?

Answer 1

The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis

Question 2

Define Transcription

Answer 2

The synthesis of RNA from DNA

Question 3

Define Translation

Answer 3

The synthesis of a polypeptide (protein)

Question 4

Where does TRANSCRIPTION take place in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

Where does TRANSLATION take place in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 5

In the cytosol

Question 6

What is the enzyme involved in RNA synthesis?

Answer 6

RNA Polymerase

Question 7

What is a major difference between DNA Pol and RNA Pol?

Answer 7

RNA Pol does NOT need a primer

Question 8

What base is substituted for Uracil in RNA synthesis?

Answer 8

Thymine

Question 9

What direction is RNA Synthesis?

Answer 9

5’ to 3’

Question 10

Where does RNA Pol bind to on the DNA?

Answer 10

The Promoter Sequence

Question 11

What happens during INITIATION in RNA synthesis?

Answer 11

1. RNA Pol binds to promoter and unwinds DNA strands
2. RNA Pol synthesises ssRNA from template strand

Question 12

How many base pairs are unwound at a time by RNA Pol?

Answer 12

approx. 17

Question 13

What are the three stages of RNA Synthesis?

Answer 13

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

Question 14

What bases are most prevalent in the TERMINATION sequence?

Answer 14

G and C

Question 15

What happens at TERMINATION in RNA synthesis?

Answer 15

1. RNA transcripts of the DNA palindromic G-C rich sequence forms a hairpin
2. Hairpin loop causes RNA Pol to pause
3. RNA-DNA dissociate
4. RNA released
5. RNA Pol falls off
6. DNA reforms