RNA & the Genetic Code

Question 1

unit of DNA that encodes a specific protein or RNA molecule, and through transcription and translation, that gene can be expressed

Answer 1

gene

Question 2

carries the info specifying the AA sequence of the protein to the ribosome

Answer 2

mRNA

Question 3

responsible for converting the language of nucleic acids to the language of AA and peptides

Answer 3

tRNA

Question 4

synthesized in the nucleolus and functions as an integral part of the ribosomal machinery used during protein assembly in the cytoplasm

Answer 4

rRNA

Question 5

three letter “word” that is translated into an AA

Answer 5

codon

Question 6

located on tRNA that recognizes the codon of mRNA

Answer 6

anti-codon

Question 7

AUG codes for methionine

Answer 7

start codon

Question 8

UGA, UAG, UAA

Answer 8

stop codons

Question 9

more than one codon can specify a single AA

Answer 9

degenerate

Question 10

variable third base in codon

Answer 10

wobble position

Question 11

mutation where one AA substitutes for another

Answer 11

missense mutation

Question 12

mutation where codon now encodes for a premature stop codon

Answer 12

nonsense mutation

Question 13

occurs when some # of nucleotides are added or deleted

Answer 13

frameshift mutation

Question 14

creation of mRNA from DNA template

Answer 14

transcription

Question 15

binding site for RNA polymerase in the promoter region that is high in thymine and adenine bases

Answer 15

TATA Box

Question 16

located in nucleolus and synthesizes rRNA

Answer 16

RNA polymerase I

Question 17

located nucleus and synthesize hnRNA(pre-processed mRNA) and some smaller nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Answer 17

RNA polymerase II

Question 18

located nucleus and synthesize tRNA and some rRNA

Answer 18

RNA polymerase III

Question 19

primary transcript from which mRNA is derived

Answer 19

hnRNA

Question 20

splices the transcript to remove noncoding sequences (introns)

Answer 20

spliceosome

Question 21

7-methylguanylate triphosphate cap added during the process of transcription & recognized by the Ribosome as the binding site; protects mRNA from degradation in cytoplasm

Answer 21

5’ cap

Question 22

polyadenosyl tail (poly-A) composed of adenine bases, protects mRNA transcript from rapid degradation in cytoplasm

Answer 22

3’ Poly-A Tail

Question 23

converting mRNA transcript into functional proteins

Answer 23

translation

Question 24

composed of proteins and rRNA

Answer 24

ribosome

Question 25

cluster of genes transcribed as a single mRNA

Answer 25

operon

Question 26

transcription-activating proteins that search the DNA looking for specific DNA-binding motifs

Answer 26

transcription factors

Question 27

binds to a specific nucleotide sequence in the promoter region to help recruitment of transcriptional machinery

Answer 27

DNA-binding domain

Question 28

allows for the binding of several transcription factors and other important regulatory proteins

Answer 28

activation domain

Question 29

proteins involved in chromatin remodeling

Answer 29

histone acetylases

Question 30

add methyl groups to cytosine and adenine nucleotides; often linked with silencing of gene expression

Answer 30

DNA methylases