RNA Transcription and Translation, and Mutations

Question 1

Building blocks of proteins

Answer 1

amino acids

Question 2

Unit of DNA that contains code for the creation of one protein

Answer 2

gene

Question 3

Process of using a gene to make a gene product

Answer 3

gene expression

Question 4

The process of making a protein

Answer 4

protein synthesis

Question 5

Ribonucleic acid; single-stranded nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis

Answer 5

RNA

Question 6

Messenger RNA; molecule that carries the instructions from the DNA to the rest of the cell

Answer 6

mRNA

Question 7

Ribosomal RNA; one of the molecules that makes up ribosomes

Answer 7

rRNA

Question 8

Transfer RNA; molecule that carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to make protein

Answer 8

tRNA

Question 9

Triplet (3) of bases in the mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid

Answer 9

codon

Question 10

Inherited unit of DNA that codes for one protein

Answer 10

gene

Question 11

Model for others to copy

Answer 11

template

Question 12

Process of constructing messenger RNA (mRNA) from DNA

Answer 12

transcription

Question 13

Organelle responsible for making proteins

Answer 13

ribosome

Question 14

One of three codons that does not code for an amino acid; it signifies the end of translation

Answer 14

stop codon

Question 15

Process of reading the mRNA code in the ribosome to make a protein

Answer 15

translation

Question 16

Change in the DNA sequence so that a base is deleted or added, causing the rest of the mRNA to be read incorrectly.

Answer 16

frameshift mutation

Question 17

Chemicals in the environment that can cause a mutation

Answer 17

mutagens

Question 18

A permanent change in the sequence of DNA.

Answer 18

mutation

Question 19

Change in DNA where a single molecule is substituted for another.

Answer 19

point mutation

Question 20

The process of DNA sending a message to the cytoplasm

Answer 20

transcription

Question 21

Where is DNA located?

Answer 21

nucleus

Question 22

Proteins are made on ___________________ in the cytoplasm

Answer 22

ribosomes

Question 23

Information in a gene is converted into ___________, which carries the information to the ribosome

Answer 23

mRNA

Question 24

In the nucleus, mRNA is created by using the _______________ in a gene as a template.

Answer 24

DNA

Question 25

The process of reading the code of a mRNA to make a protein is called _______________

Answer 25

translation

Question 26

Group of three nitrogen bases in RNA or DNA that is the genetic code word for a single amino acid or for a start or stop signal.

Answer 26

codons

Question 27

List two ways that RNA is similar to DNA.

Answer 27

Both are made in the nucleus. Both are nucleic acids, made of nucleotides.

Question 28

Is it possible for different codons to code for the same amino acid?

Answer 28

yes

Question 28

What is the purpose of stop codons?

Answer 28

It signals that the assembly of amino acids is over because the protein is complete.

Question 28

What are the monomers (building blocks) of proteins?

Answer 28

amino acids

Question 29

Give two examples of mutagens.

Answer 29

tobacco smoke, radiation, x-rays

Question 30

What are three possible effects of a mutation on an organism?

Answer 30

Mutations may be harmful, helpful, or have no effect.

Question 31

What is the "word" of three letters that tRNA reads from the mRNA?

Answer 31

codons

Question 32

Codons are the codes for making specific _______________________ _________________.

Answer 32

amino acids

Question 33

Which type of mutation? A change in the DNA sequence that causes the rest of the mRNA to be read incorrectly.

Answer 33

frameshift mutation

Question 34

Which type of mutation? A change in a single nucleotide that may result in a frameshift mutation.

Answer 34

point mutation

Question 35

Which type of mutation? A point mutation in which one base is added

Answer 35

insertion

Question 36

Which type of mutation? A point mutation in which a single base is omitted

Answer 36

deletion

Question 37

Which type of mutation? A chromosomal mutation that results when a segment of DNA is lost from the sequence.

Answer 37

deletion

Question 38

Which type of mutation? A chromosomal mutation that results when two segments from different chromosomes change positions.

Answer 38

translocation

Question 39

Which type of mutation? A chromosomal mutation in which a segment of DNA is flipped and attached to the same chromosome.

Answer 39

inversion

Question 40

Which type of mutation? A chromosomal mutation in which DNA from one chromosome is added to another, unrelated chromosome

Answer 40

insertion