RNA Virus Flashcards by scrumptious cookie

Sand shape appearance in electron microscope
Acquired through inhalation from infected rodent or direct contact

Arenavirus

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Tacaribe, Guanarito, Junin and Machupo

New World Arena Virus

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o Mus musculus
o Mastomys natalensis
o Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
o Lassa virus

Old World Arena Virus

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ARENAVIRUS

rare case of aseptic meningitis

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis

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ARENAVIRUS

hemorrhagic fever + influenza like

Lassa virus

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Star appearance in EM
Account to 2-9% of pediatric gastroenteritis in the world

Astrovirus

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Type and Organ damage associated with Bunyavirus

— Rift valley fever virus

Phlebovrift – (Brain and liver))

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Type and Organ damage associated with Bunyavirus

— LaCrosse and California encephalitis

Orthobunyab – (Brain)

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Type and Organ damage associated with Bunyavirus

— Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic fever

Nairovirus (Vascular, Endothelium and Liver)

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Type and Organ damage associated with Bunyavirus

— rodent borne bunyavirus
— Disease is known as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)

Hantavirus

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Small (30-38nm) rounded nonenveloped that causes gastroenteritis to human

Calicivirus

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two types of calicivirus

Norovirus / Norwalk virus

Sapovirus

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CALICIVIRUS

o Associated with 80% of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in underdeveloped countries
o Due to ingestion of contaminated shell fish and water

Norovirus/Norwalk virus

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CALICIVIRUS

o Cup-shape in EM, also associated with gastroenteritis

Sapovirus

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• Pleomorphic, roughly spherical
• Extremely fragile and difficult to culture
• Resemble halo/crown on external surface of the virus

Coronavirus

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CORONAVIRUS

– acquired from civet cat that originated from Guangdong, China

SARS-COV1

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CORONAVIRUS

– acquired from camel that originated in Middle East

MERS-COV

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CORONAVIRUS

– possibly acquired from Pangolin (bat) that originated from Wuhan, China

SARS-COV2

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SARS-COV2 detection

Direct – microscopy/viral nucleic acid (RT-PCR)

Indirect – serological testing (Antigen)

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SARS-COV2 Variant of concern

Alpha (B117) –

Beta (B1351) –

Gamma (P1) –

Delta (B16172) –

United Kingdom

South Africa

Brazil

India

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• Most pathogenic hemorrhagic virus

threadlike due to long filamentous morphology in EM

Filovirus

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Filovirus Types

A. Marburg hemorrhagic fever
B. Ebola Virus

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FILOVIRUS

• 25% fatality rate
• Acquired from African Green Monkey

Marburg hemorrhagic fever

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FILOVIRUS

• Emerging virus due to eating of wild animal meat in Africa
• Acquired through direct contact with infected animal or human
• 80% fatality rate

Ebola Virus

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Derived from flavus which means yellow

Flavivirus

Flavivirus types

A. Yellow Fever B. Dengue Virus C. St. Louis Encephalitis D. Zika Virus E. West Nile Virus F. Hepatitis C

FLAVIVIRUS Yellow fever three cycles:

1. Sylvatic (monkey; transmitted by mosquitoes Aedes aegypti) 2. Urban (human) 3. Intermediate (human)

FLAVIVIRUS • Dengue vectors - _________ • It has 4 serotypes (1 to 4) • Major protein in dengue virus called “__” for enveloped protein

Denge Virus — Aedes,aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes polynesiensis — E

FLAVIVIRUS Transmitted by Culex mosquitoes and mostly in summer months

St. Louis Encephalitis (SCE)

FLAVIVIRUS Spread by daytime Aedes aegypti and albopictus cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults

Zika Virus

FLAVIVIRUS • Vector is Culex mosquito • Maintained in bird-mosquito cycle such as crows, ravens

West Nile Virus

FLAVIVIRUS • Associated with chronic liver disease • Not an arthropod because the MOT is parenteral etc.

Hepatitis C

Previously under calicivirus High case fatality rate in pregnant women (10-20%)

Hepevirus

Pleomorphic single strand with 8 segments Transmitted through respiratory secretions

Orthomyxovirus

With three serotypes o A – naturally infects ____ o B and C – ___ Influenza is further subdivided based on Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) o Hemagglutinin are _ shape spikes o Neuraminidase are ____ spikes

Orthomyxovirus A - animals B&C - human rod; mushroom

refers to alteration to influenza HA and NA antigens

Antigenic drift

occurs after having a completely new novel type

Antigenic shift

ONLY ___________ found in human population o _____ – Spanish Flu o _____ – Asian Flu o _____ – Hongkong Flu o ____ – Avian Flu

H1 H2 H3 N1 N2 o H1N1 o H2N2 o H3N2 o H5N1

Do not have segments that’s why they don’t undergo antigenic shift

paramyxovirus

paramyxovirus types

A. Mumps or Rubulavirus B. Parainfluenza virus C. Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) or Pneumovirus D. Measles or Morbilivirus E. Metapneumovirus F. Nipah virus

PARAMYXOVIRUS Characterized by inflamed salivary gland (infection of parotid gland) accompanied by high temperature and fatigue

Mumps or Rubulavirus

PARAMYXOVIRUS Second cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children after RSV • 4 serotypes o Parainfluenza 1 is associated with ___ (larygeotracheobronchitis) o ____ is severe and fatal associated with -

Parainfluenza virus croup Parainfluenza 3

PARAMYXOVIRUS • Most significant cause of acute RTI in children under 5 years of age worldwide • Contains a surface F protein (Fusion) • Leads to giant multinucleated cells

Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) or Pneumovirus

PARAMYXOVIRUS Highly contagious accompanied by maculopapular rash and fever

Measles or Morbilivirus

PARAMYXOVIRUS Associated with winter epidemics bronchiolitis and pneumonia which is common in children

Metapneumovirus

PARAMYXOVIRUS Can cause febrile encephalitis in human

Nipah Virus

• Simplest of RNA viruses with highly structured capsid but limited surface elaboration • Consist of 30% RNA and 70% protein

Picornavirus

PICORNAVIRUS The most common cause of aseptic meningitis or inflammation of brain parenchyma • Primary MOT: Respiratory or gastrointestinal

Enterovirus

PICORNAVIRUS Major cause of cold virus Resistant to detergents, lipid solvents, and temperature extremes, but sensitive to pH less than 6

Rhinovirus

Respiratory Enteric Orphan

Reovirus

REOVIRUS The most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and children worldwide

rotavirus

REOVIRUS With 12 RNA segments • Associated with Colorado tick fever

Coltivirus

Reovirus examples

A. Rotavirus B. Coltivirus

Picornavirus examples

A. Enterovirus B. Rhinovirus

Retrovirus examples:

A. Oncovirus B. Lentivirus

_____ are oncovirus but not cytolytic o HTLV 1 is known as ____ o HTLV 2 is known as _____

HTLV-1, HTLV-2 and HTLV-5 T cell leukemia Hairy Cell Leukemia

HIV antigens : HIV screening test: HIV confirmatory test:

p24, gp41, gp120, gp160 S: ELISA C: Western blot

Worldwide prevalence; main groups are M, N, O whereas A-K are subgroups

HIV 1

HIV in West Africa

HIV 2

o Bullet shape appearance o It is characterized by saliva frothing with painful spasm o May lead to coma or death o Associated with negri bodies in brain tissues of infected animals and humans

Lyssavirus / Rabies (under RHABDOVIRUS)

Togavirus examples

- Alphavirus - Rubella or Rubivirus - Chikungunya virus

TOGAVIRUS associated with equine encephalitis and transmitted by mosquitos

Alphavirus

TOGAVIRUS German measles or 3-day measles – may lead to congenital defect if pregnant women is infected

Rubella or Rubivirus

TOGAVIRUS associated with myositis and arthritis which is transmitted by Aedes aegypti

Chikungunya virus

RNA Virus Flashcards

(64 cards)