RNA Viruses Flashcards by Megan Spiegel

Name the Family:
linear ss+ RNA
Iscosahedral
Envelope
Psuedolipid genome - 2 identical linear ss+ strands (not connected)
Requires reverse transcriptase
Provirus
Onco-virus –> corrupts proto-oncogenes

Retroviridae

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What are the enzymes required for Retroviridae?

Reverse Trancriptase - RNA to DNA to RNA

Integrase - integration of viral DNA into host’s genome

RNA Polymerase II - proteolytic cleavage during virion maturation

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How does Retroviridae affect proto-oncogenes with onco-viruses?
Two ways:

Acutely Transforming Retrovirus - Faster - many virions released

Slowly Transforming Retrovirus - 1 virus infects genome and acts as an “ extra boost” gene

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Name the Virus:
Infects poultry
Causes lymphoid leukosis and lymphoma
Avian sarcoma leucosis virus (ASLV or ALV)
“Onco-virus”

Retroviridae
Alpharetrovirus - Avian Leukosis

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Name the Virus:
Infects sheeps and goats
Causes tumors in the nasal epithelium
Enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV)
“Onco-virus”

Retroviridae
Betaretrovirus - Enzootic nasal tumor virus

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Name the Virus:
Infects sheep and goats
Causes contagious lung cancer
Onvine pulmonary adenocarcinomas - once symptoms arise its too fatal
Massive amounts of sputum
“Onco-virus”

Retroviridae
Betaretrovirus - Jaagsietke sheep retrovirus (JSRV)

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Name the Virus:
Infects cattle
Causes enlargement of lymph nodes and protrusion of the conjunctival membrane
Bovine Leukosis

Retroviridae
Deltaretrovirus - Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV)

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Name the Virus:
Infects horses
Causes anemia, thrombocytopenia
Stable fly bites
Can be chronic
Must be reported in the US

Retroviridae
Lentivirus - Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV)

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Name the Virus:
Infects Felids
Causes immunosupression, fever, risk to other infections
Direct contact, slaiva and nasal secretions
Vertical Transmissions
Asymtpmatics carriers are risks to others
Abortive, Regressive and Progressive Infections
“Onco-Virus”

Retroviridae
Gammeretrovirus - Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
More progressive than FIV

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Name the Virus:
Infects cats , endemic in African Lions
Saliva
Causes depletion in CD4 T cells MHC I , risk of secondary infections
Control - spay and neuter cats

Retroviridae
Lentivirus - Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

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Name the Family:
linear ss- RNA
Helical nucleocapsid
Bullet-shaped
Negri Bodies in infected nerve cells - neurovirulent virus
Infects vertebrates and Invertebrates
Saliva
Everywhere except Antarctica and Australia

Rhabdoviridiae

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Name the Virus:
Infects dogs, cats and bats , etc
causes severe Neuronal infection and behavioral changes
Slow moving virus
ZOONOTIC
No cure
Vaccine available

Rhabdoviridae
Lyssavirus - Rabies Virus

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What are the three phases of a Rabies Virus?

Prodomal Phase
Furious Phase
Paralytic Phase

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Name the Family:
segmented linear ss- RNA
Enveloped / Budding
Glycoprotein - NA = N ; HA = H
Causes
Influenza Virus A/B/C

Orthomyxoviridae

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Name the Virus:
Direct contact
Two types: rare and common
Caused by Influenza Virus A and C
Vaccines available to protect from ZOONOTIC infections

Orthomyxoviridae
Swine Flu

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Name the Family:
linear ss- RNA
Pleomoprhic or filamentous
Helical
Enveloped
Infects fruit bats, primates, some humans
Central Africa and S. Asia
Direct contact with body fluids

Filoviridae

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Name the Virus:
causes haemorrhagic fever and death
Infects monocytes of the host

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Filoviridae
Ebolavirus

Name the Virus:
Infects humans and primates
Causes haemorrhagic fever, petichia, severe blistering
Rare but highly virulent
ZOONOTIC

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Filoviridae
Marburgvirus - Marburg haemorrhagic fever

Name the Family:
linear ds RNA
Double capsid
Non-Enveloped
Infects Vertebrates and Invertebrates
Fecal-oral route
“Respiratory enetric orphan”

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Reoviridae

Name the Virus:
Infects sheep
athropod bites
high mortlity and morbidity
Torticollis

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Reoviridae
Orbivirus - Bluetongue virus

Name the Virus:
Infects humans/children and young animals
fecal-oral
Causes acute gastroenteritis
Economic losses in piglets and calves

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Reoviridae
Rota virus

Name the Family:
linear ss- RNA
Enveloped / Budding
Infects vertebrates and humans
resembles Orthomyxo

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Paramyxoviridae

Name the Virus:
Infects puppies and canids
Highly infectious
Causes GI upset and attacks nervous system
Vaccine available - No cure
Can be asymptomatic

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Paramyxoviridae
Morbilivirus - canine distemper

Name the Virus:
The 3 D’s - diarrhea, discharge and dead
Infects cattle
ZOONOTIC
Vaccine available
Globally eradicated - Measles virus

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Paramyxoviridae
Morbilivirus - Reinderpest virus

Name the Virus: Infects poultry and other birds Highly infectious in unsanitary environments Vaccines available

Parayxoviridae Avulavirus - Newcastle Disease

Name the Family: linear ss+ RNA Enveloped with Peplomeres Infects vertebrates and humans

Coronoviridae

Name the viruses in the Coroniviridae Family: FECV FIPV TGEV

FECV - feline enteric coronavirus FIPV - feline infectious peritonitus virus TGEV - transmissable gastroenteritis virus swine

Name the Virus: Two forms: FECV and FIPV Infects felids Asymtpomatic and symptomatic Highly contagious

Coronaviridae Alphacoronavirus - Feline coronavirus (FIP) fecal-oral = asymptomatic FECV 1st mutates to FIPV = death

Describe the difference between: Dry (non-effusive) FIP Wet (effusive) FIP

Dry = inappetance, anorexia, jaundice, neurological signs Wet = leaking blood vessels, ascites and hypoxia/dyspnea

Name the Virus: flu like symptoms severe respiratory symptoms recent china outbreak

Coronaviridae Betacoronavirus - SARS coronavirus

Name the Virus: Infects humans and some animals Caused the Covid 19 pandemic Antigenic drift within the virus

Coronaviridae Betacoronavirus - SARS 2

Name the Family: linear ss+ RNA Enveloped Icosahedral-like symmetry Infects humans and mammals Vectors = mosquitos and ticks

Flaviviridae

Name the Virus: Infects birds but ZOONOTIC if animal is eaten severe symptoms and death in horses Human infection - asymptomatic Causes encephalitis meningitis, meningoencephalitis, neuroinvasive disease

Flaviviridae Flavivirus - West Nile Virus

Name the Virus: Causes immunosuppression Significant economic losses Cytopathic and non cytopathic biotypes (Non-Cyto to Cyto to Fatal Mucosal Disease)

Falviviridae Pestivirus - Bovine viral diarrhea

Name the Virus: Causes fever, rashes, joint pain and migraines Moquitos and sexually transmitted

Flaviviridae Flavivirus - Zika Virus

Name the Family: linear ss+ RNA Enveloped / Budding Infects humans, mammals, mosquitos and birds Enzootic and Epizootic Includes Genus: Rubivirus (rubella) and Alphavirus (Chikigunya)

Togaviridae

Name the Virus: Arthropod borne ZOONOTIC Infects birds, rodents, primates

Togaviridae Arbovirus

Name the Virus: linear ss+ RNA Non-Enveloped Cell-lysis Infects vertebrates Causes: enteroviruses, aphtoviruses, hepatoviruses, cardioviruses

Picornaviridae

Name the Virus: 1st discovered virus Infects cattle, pigs, sheep and goats Highly infectious - blisters on hands, mouth and feet Endemic in Africa, Middle East and Asia

Picornoviridae Aphtovirus - Foot and Mouth Virus

Name the Virus: Infects humans (children) fecal-oral Affects nervous system - paralysis via deformities

Picornoviridae Enterovirus - Poliovirus

Name the Family: linear ss+ RNA Non-Enveloped Cell-lysis not well studied and zero suitable animal models Causes: Vesivirus Lagovirus Norovirus

Calciviridae

RNA Viruses Flashcards

(42 cards)