RNA Viruses

Question 1

name four naked RNA viruses

Answer 1

reovirus, picornavirus, hepevirus, calcivirus

Question 2

what RNA virus is double stranded and how many segments does it have

Answer 2

reovirus; 10-12 segments

Question 3

what two diseases does reovirus cause

Answer 3

Colorado tick fever (Coltivirus)

and diarrheal disease in children (Rotavirus)

Question 4

what diseases does Picornavirus cause

Answer 4

Polio, aseptic meningitis (Echovirus and coxsackievirus), common cold (Rhinovirus), Coxsackie also causes herpangina (mouth blisters) and hand-foot-and-mouth disease as well as myocarditis, acute hepatitis (HAV)
=>PERCH

Question 5

what does hepevirus cause

Answer 5

hepatitis E virus

Question 6

what does calcivirus cause

Answer 6

viral gastroenteritis (Norovirus)

Question 7

what do flaviviruses cause

Answer 7

Hepatitis C Virus
Yellow fever
Dengue
St. Louis encephalitis
West Nile virus

Question 8

what do togaviruses cause

Answer 8

Rubella
Eastern equine encephalitis
Western equine encaphalitis

Question 9

name two commonly known retroviruses

Answer 9

HTLV (Human T Cell Leukemia Virus)

HIV

Question 10

what does coronavirus cause

Answer 10

common cold and SARS

Question 11

what is an important orthomyxovirus

Answer 11

influenza virus

Question 12

name four important paramyxoviruses

Answer 12

parainfluenza (croup)
RSV (bronchiolitis in babies; treated with ribavirin)
Measles
Mumps

Question 13

name an important rhabdovirus

Answer 13

Rabies

Question 14

name two important filoviruses and the diseases they cause

Answer 14

Ebola and Marburg viruses; cause hemorrhaging fever, which is often fatal

Question 15

name two important arenaviruses

Answer 15

Lassa virus (Lassa fever encephalitis)
LCMV (Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus)

Question 16

name four diseases/viral infections caused by bunyaviruses

Answer 16

California encephalitis
Sandfly/Rift Valley fevers
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
Hantavirus (hemorrhagic fever, PNA)

Question 17

what deltavirus requires HBV co-infection in order to infect its human host?

Answer 17

Human Deltavirus

Question 18

name 7 RNA viruses that are icosahedral

Answer 18

reovirus, picornavirus, hepevirus, calcivirus, retrovirus, togavirus, flavivirus

Question 19

is coronavirus icosahedral or helical? positive sense or negative sense?

Answer 19

helical; positive sense

Question 20

name three RNA viruses that have circular SS negative sense RNA

Answer 20

arenavirus, bunyavirus and deltavirus

Question 21

name the negative sense RNA viruses and the pnemonic for this

Answer 21

Arenavirus, Bunyavirus, Paramyxovirus, Orthomyxovirus, Filovius and Rhabdovirus
=Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication (these viruses bring their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase)

Question 22

name four segmented viruses

Answer 22

BOAR= Bunyavirus, Orthomyxovirus, Arenavirus, Reovirus

Question 23

what prevents rhinovirus from infecting the GI tract?

Answer 23

Rhinovirus (a picornavirus, non-enveloped) is acid labile

Question 24

what kind of viruses is yellow fever virus (two) and what are the symptoms of yellow fever virus

Answer 24

flavivirus (also an arbovirus) transmitted by Aedes mosquito

symptoms=jaundice, high fever, black vomitus

Question 25

to what family of viruses does rotavirus belong

Answer 25

reovirus (segmented ds RNA)

Question 26

how does rotavirus cause decreased Na+ absorption and K+ wasting in infantile gastroenteritis

Answer 26

destruction of villi

Question 27

how many segments does influenza virus have? name two important viral proteins and their functions?

Answer 27

8 segments hemagglutinin promotes viral entry neuraminidase promotes release of virion progeny

Question 28

what infectious complication do you worry about in patients with influenza

Answer 28

bacterial superinfection

Question 29

what's the difference between genetic shift and genetic drift

Answer 29

genetic shift is sudden and due to reassortment; | genetic drift is gradual due to accumulation of random mutations

Question 30

what is the other name for German measles; what are the symptoms

Answer 30

rubella; | causes fever, postauricular LAD, LAD, arthralgia, fine truncal rash starting at head, serious congenital disease

Question 31

what drug treats PNA due to RSV in premature infants

Answer 31

palivizumab

Question 32

what protein due all paramyxoviruses have

Answer 32

F (fusion) protein which causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells