(RNA VIRUSES) Lesson 14: Caliciviridae

Question 1

General description of Caliciviridae

Answer 1

1. cup-shaped depressions visible on
   the surface of the virions in negative-contrast electron micrographs
2. Small, non-enveloped, single-stranded
   RNA viruses with icosahedral symmetry
3. Replicate in the cytoplasm
4. Stable in the environment
5. associated with
   a wide range of conditions including
   respiratory disease, vesicular lesions, necrotizing hepatitis and gastroenteritis.
6. Transmission occurs directly or indirectly without vector involvement.

Question 2

Caliciviruses derive their name from the
Latin word calix meaning

Answer 2

cup

Question 3

Caliciviruses are visible on
the surface of the

Answer 3

virions

Question 4

Caliciviruses replicate in the

Answer 4

cytoplasm

Question 5

have been associated with
a wide range of conditions including
respiratory disease, vesicular lesions, necrotizing hepatitis and gastroenteritis

Answer 5

Caliciviruses

Question 6

Caliciviruses have been associated with
a wide range of conditions including

Answer 6

respiratory disease
vesicular lesions
necrotizing hepatitis
gastroenteritis

Question 7

Transmission of Caliciviruses

Answer 7

directly or indirectly without vector involvement

Question 8

Mechanical transmission of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus by

Answer 8

mosquitoes
and fleas

Question 9

Mechanical transmission of this disease by mosquitoes
and fleas

Answer 9

rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus

Question 10

Mechanical transmission of this disease by mosquitoes
and fleas

Answer 10

rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus

Question 11

Natural disease not seen since 1956,
confined to USA.

Answer 11

Vesicular
exanthema of
swine (VES) virus

Question 12

Acute,
contagious,
vesicular
disease,
clinically similar to foot-and-mouth disease.

Answer 12

Vesicular
exanthema of
swine (VES) virus

Question 13

Believed to have resulted from feeding of
SMSV-infected sea lion and seal carcasses
in swil

Answer 13

Vesicular
exanthema of
swine (VES) virus

Question 14

Causes VES when inoculated into pigs.
Cause of cutaneous vesicles and premature
parturition in pinnipeds

Answer 14

San Miguel sea
lion virus (SMSV)

Question 15

Upper respiratory tract disease in cats,
occurs worldwide

Answer 15

Feline calicivirus

Question 16

Geographical distribution of Feline calicivirus

Answer 16

Worldwide

Question 17

Outbreaks with severe systemic form
occasionally described

Answer 17

Feline calicivirus

Question 18

Acute, fatal disease of European rabbits.

Answer 18

Rabbit
haemorrhagic
disease virus

Question 19

Physiological resistance in rabbits less than
two months of age

Answer 19

Rabbit
haemorrhagic
disease virus

Question 20

Related but distinct from RHDV

Answer 20

European brown
hare syndrome
virus

Question 21

Similar disease to RHD, hepatic necrosis
and diffuse generalized haemorrhaging.
High mortality rate.

Answer 21

European brown
hare syndrome
virus

Question 22

Associated with diarrhoea on occasion

Answer 22

Canine calicivirus

Question 23

an acute, highly contagious vesicular disease of pigs

Answer 23

Vesicular exanthema of swine (VES)

Question 24

The disease was confined to the USA

Answer 24

Vesicular exanthema of swine (VES)

Question 25

Geographical distribution of Vesicular exanthema of swine (VES)

Answer 25

USA

Question 26

A vigorous eradication campaign, including the implementation of garbage cooking laws, was successful. The last case was recorded in 1956 and the USA was declared free of the disease in 1959.

Answer 26

Vesicular exanthema of swine (VES)

Question 27

a reservoir of the Vesicular exanthema of swine (VES) exists in __________

Answer 27

marine mammals

Question 28

However, a reservoir of the virus exists in marine mammals (______________, was isolated from Californian sea lions showing signs of disease including vesicles on the flippers and premature parturition).

Answer 28

San Miguel sea lion virus [SMSV]

Question 29

San Miguel sea lion virus [SMSV], was isolated from

Answer 29

Californian sea lions

Question 30

signs of disease of San Miguel sea lion virus [SMSV]

Answer 30

vesicles on the flippers and premature parturition

Question 31

Outbreak of this virus can arise through feeding meat from infected marine mammals to pigs in uncooked swill. The virus then spread between pigs by direct and indirect contact.

Answer 31

Vesicular exanthema of swine (VES)

Question 32

The incubation period for VES is about ________ hours and the course of the disease approximately ______ weeks.

Answer 32

24–72 hours one to two weeks

Question 33

VES: Vesicles occur in the

Answer 33

oral cavity tongue lips snout interdigital spaces coronary band

Question 34

Affected pigs are pyrexic and acutely lame

Answer 34

Vesicular exanthema of swine (VES)

Question 35

Affected pigs by VES are

Answer 35

pyrexic and acutely lame

Question 36

VES: high morbidity low mortality

Question 37

The disease is clinically indistinguishable from the other vesicular diseases of pigs, namely foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis and swine vesicular disease

Answer 37

Vesicular exanthema of swine (VES)

Question 38

VES: Samples rich in virus include

Answer 38

vesicular fluid and the overlying flap of epithelium

Question 39

Diagnostic techniques of VES include

Answer 39

✓ ELISA and CFT for antigen detection ✓ immunoelectron microscopy and virus isolation in pig kidney cell lines ✓ identification by virus neutralization ✓ RT-PCR

Question 40

for antigen detection

Answer 40

ELISA and CFT

Question 41

virus isolation of Vesicular exanthema of swine (VES)

Answer 41

pig kidney cell lines