ROAD CONSTRUCTION METHODS

Question 1

A structure that links barangays and cities in the country

Answer 1

Road

Question 2

Classification of Roads

Answer 2

Usage, National Importance, Surface Course, Traffic Volume

Question 3

Types of Road According to Usage

Answer 3

a. Primary National Road – main highway trunk line
b. Secondary National Road – connects a
provincial or national road
c. Provincial Road – connects two
municipalities or cities within a province
d. City Road - streets within the urban area
e. Municipal Road – street within a población area
f. Barangay Road – located outside the
población area
g. Major Roads – national importance,
frequently used by traffic, part of highway
system
h. Minor Roads – local in nature as they serve only the interest of the locality, less frequently used by traffic

Question 4

Accommodate greater traffic volume

Answer 4

Street or Road

Question 5

service area connecting highway

Answer 5

Highway

Question 6

Types of Road According to Surface Course

Answer 6

a. Earth Road
b. Gravel Road
c. Asphalt Road
d. Concrete Road

Question 7

Simplest forms of road, trail that has
been developed, most important aspect, drains rainwater away, raised above the level

Answer 7

Earth Road

Question 8

Natural gravel, all-weather road, use to
construct farm-to-market roads, a better quality road

Answer 8

Gravel Road

Question 9

flexible pavement, tensile strength,
hot-mix combination

Answer 9

Asphalt Road

Question 10

rigid pavement, resist weak
subgrade, essential ingredient, fine dry powder, strong
itself

Answer 10

PCC Pavement Road

Question 11

Types of Road According to Traffic Volume

Answer 11

a. For Heavy Traffic Load
b. For Medium Traffic Load
c. For Light Traffic Load

Question 12

Main Road Components

Answer 12

A. Subgrade
B. Aggregate sub-base and base course
C. Surface course
D. Shoulders
E. Drainage structures
F. Slope protection/retaining structures
G. Miscellaneous Works (erosion and sediment control)

Question 13

contractor’s perspective and project
engineer and staff, discussion, issues, site for the project, project engineer instructions

Answer 13

Preconstruction Conference / Preliminary
Preparations

Question 14

Complete contract drawings, cross sections, specifications and invitation
for Bids, Reference materials, right of way plans, entry agreements, and related documents, utility adjustment or relocation plans, notice to proceed, material to test equipment and reports, sketchbooks,
forms, office supplies, and field books, surveying notes and equipment. Pertinent correspondence.

Answer 14

Preliminary Preparations

Question 15

actual position of the road

Answer 15

As-Stake Survey

Question 16

Plans Governing Infrastructure Projects:

Answer 16

a. Original Plans
b. As-Stake Plans
c. As-Built Plans

Question 17

office, quarters, and laboratory for engr, vehicle and assistance, progress photographs

Answer 17

Client Side (facilities for the engr.)

Question 18

Office, equipment, fabrication area/shop, workmen’s quarter, storage/warehouse,
contractor’s equipment yard

Answer 18

Contractor’s Side

Question 19

temporary routes, access to properties, barricades

Answer 19

Access and Detour Roads

Question 20

Divert traffic, remain durable and
operational

Answer 20

Detour Roads

Question 21

Connect job sites, built isolated job
locations

Answer 21

Access Road

Question 22

TCP (traffic control plan) to the district engr.

Answer 22

Maintenance of Traffic

Question 23

removing and disposing of surface objects

Answer 23

Clearing and Grubbing

Question 24

Equipment and labor mobilization, Removal of trees, Disposal of debris

Answer 24

Key activities

Question 25

remove to avoid work interruptions

Answer 25

Removal of Existing Obstructions

Question 26

Existing pavements, Drainage structures, Underground waterlines, Electrical posts and lines, Cable and telephone lines, Residential houses and building, Fences

Answer 26

Typical Obstructions

Question 27

layer of natural soil, excess suitable material, road in rolling hills, two components (roadway excavation and embankment fill)

Answer 27

FORMATION OF SUBGRADE

Question 28

earth fill below the pavement

Answer 28

Embankment

Question 29

suitable materials from sources outside

Answer 29

Borrow

Question 30

the angle of constructed soil

Answer 30

Slope

Question 31

average depth of embankment

Answer 31

Fill

Question 32

average depth of needed in excavating

Answer 32

Cut

Question 33

removing earth

Answer 33

Excavation

Question 34

pressing soil

Answer 34

Compaction

Question 35

tool for economic building

Answer 35

Soil Stabilization

Question 36

suitable materials obtained from roadway cuts

Answer 36

Selected Borrow

Question 37

layer of material placed on existing surface

Answer 37

Leveling Course

Question 38

process of loosening and removing earth, outside the limits of slope will not be distributed

Answer 38

ROADWAY EXCAVATION

Question 39

Types of Roadway Excavation

Answer 39

A. Common Excavation B. Unsuitable excavation C. Rock Excavation D. Unclassified Excavation E. Surplus Excavation

Question 40

excavation of common materials use for embankment

Answer 40

Common Excavation

Question 41

removal and disposal of saturated and unsaturated

Answer 41

Unsuitable excavation

Question 42

igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

Answer 42

Rock Excavation

Question 43

regardless of its nature

Answer 43

Unclassified Excavation

Question 44

excavated along the road traverse

Answer 44

Surplus Excavation

Question 45

suitable materials which can be common or rock, most desirable fill is a mixture of two or more simple type.

Answer 45

EMBANKMENT FILL

Question 46

fill may be obtained by quarrying a bulldozer

Answer 46

Quarrying and Hauling

Question 47

spreading the materials into thin layer

Answer 47

Spreading of embankment

Question 48

not less than 500 sq.m

Answer 48

Compaction

Question 49

determine required compaction

Answer 49

FDT (field density test)

Question 50

benching the materials

Answer 50

Road Widening

Question 51

painted sticks

Answer 51

Blue Tops

Question 52

Aggregate subbase course, aggregate base course

Answer 52

STABILIZING LAYERS

Question 53

structural layer. Reduce vertical compressive stress

Answer 53

As Stabilizers

Question 54

provide structural capacity, carry the load and distribute

Answer 54

In Asphalt Pavements

Question 55

spread the load

Answer 55

PCC Pavements

Question 56

dictated the materials

Answer 56

Stockpile along the roadway side

Question 57

required thickness for compaction (150 mm or less)

Answer 57

Spreading

Question 58

compacted full width, req. degree of compaction 100%

Answer 58

Compaction

Question 59

uppermost component of the roadway, protects base.

Answer 59

CONCRETE PAVEMENTS

Question 60

PCCP

Answer 60

Portland cement concrete pavement

Question 61

placed in prepared form

Answer 61

Workability

Question 62

measure of fluidity of concrete

Answer 62

Consistency

Question 63

compressive strength of concrete mix

Answer 63

Water-Cement Ratio

Question 64

substances other than aggregates

Answer 64

Admixture

Question 65

treatment or protection applied to concrete

Answer 65

Curing Agent

Question 66

Types of Joint in PCCP

Answer 66

A. Construction Joint B. Contraction Joint C. Longitudinal joint D. Expansion Joint E. Dowels F. Bars

Question 67

also called cold joint, interruption of more than 30 mins. Place not within 1.50m

Answer 67

Construction Joint

Question 68

also called weakened-plane joint, relieve tensile stresses, not installed random cracking will occur

Answer 68

Contraction Joint

Question 69

lanes are connected separately, deformed steel tie bars

Answer 69

Longitudinal joint

Question 70

space for expansion, 19 to 25 mm wide , filled with expansion joint fillers, dowel bars

Answer 70

Expansion Joint

Question 71

load transfer device

Answer 71

Dowels

Question 72

deformed bars used in construction

Answer 72

Bars

Question 73

made of steel, sufficient width, installed firmly, more than 1cm, alignment and grade elevations

Answer 73

SETTING OF FORMS

Question 74

provide smooth flow of continuous supple and transport of materials, periodic calibration

Answer 74

Batching of Concrete

Question 75

unloaded from truck mixers, placing should be continuous, not allowed to walk into

Answer 75

Concrete Pouring

Question 76

thoroughly consolidated along the faces. Not allowed to be operated longer than 15 seconds

Answer 76

Use of Concrete Vibrator

Question 77

use to grade concrete, moved forward on top of the forms

Answer 77

Screeding

Question 78

Concrete Finishing

Answer 78

a. Floating – longitudinal float b. Brooming – uniform appearance, 1.5mm depth

Question 79

hydrating

Answer 79

Concrete Curing

Question 80

earth or straw, burlap or cotton mats, waterproof paper, curing compound

Answer 80

Curing Methods

Question 81

remain in place distributed within 24hrs. crowbars used to remove forms, concrete sawing is done within 24hrs after concrete pouring.

Answer 81

Removal of Forms and Concrete Cutting

Question 82

alternative to concrete sawing

Answer 82

Weakened Plane Joint Using a template

Question 83

Pavement Protection

Answer 83

a. Against Rain – protect newly poured concrete b. Against Traffic – protect concrete at early age

Question 84

after curing methods

Answer 84

Sealing of Joints

Question 85

flexible pavement, mineral aggregate, thickness compacted

Answer 85

Asphalt Concrete Pavement

Question 86

application of bituminous material

Answer 86

Prime Coat

Question 87

ensures adhesion

Answer 87

Tack Coat

Question 88

bituminous layer below the surface

Answer 88

Binder Course

Question 89

climax of the whole operation, smooth yet skid-resistance, part apparent

Answer 89

Wearing Course

Question 90

installed beneath or alongside the roadway, well located, properly blended

Answer 90

Drainage Structures

Question 91

backhoe is suitable for this type of work

Answer 91

Culvert Excavation

Question 92

underlying soil at the designed bottom, meant to stabilize the foundation

Answer 92

Foundation Fill

Question 93

Culvert base, side and inner walls, culvert slabs, slope protection or retaining structures.

Answer 93

R.C. Box Culvert Construction Phases

Question 94

Erosion of Side Slope: Some of the types of slope protection structures are

Answer 94

-Grouted riprap -Stone Masonry -Gabions -Plain or Reinforced Concrete

Question 95

Excavation of Foundation, Use of Batter boards as Guide, Laying of Boulders and Grout, Finishing Work, Importance of Weep Holes

Answer 95

Grouted Riprap

Question 96

backhoe ideal equipment

Answer 96

Excavation of Foundation

Question 97

good workmanship, unevenness, high areas are removed and patched

Answer 97

Use of Batterboards as Guide

Question 98

placed layer by layer alternately, laid on longest axis

Answer 98

Laying of Boulders and Grout

Question 99

cement grout is placed starting from the bottoms to the top of the surface

Answer 99

Finishing Work

Question 100

opening provide permit draining of water

Answer 100

Importance of Weep holes

Question 101

Stone Masonry Specifications

Answer 101

a. Boulders – thickness not less than 150mm b. Mortar – composed of one part of the Portland Cement and two parts of the fine aggregate

Question 102

foundation bed, bed that will receive stone

Answer 102

Excavating Stone Masonry Foundation

Question 103

batter boards are necessary to keep the lines and grades

Answer 103

USE OF BATTERBOARDS ESSENTIAL TO PRODUCE GOOD WORKMANSHIP

Question 104

large stones are used in corners

Answer 104

LAYING OF BOULDERS AND GROUT

Question 105

all faces should be cleaned

Answer 105

FINISHING WORK

Question 106

wire mesh is varying thickness, boulder size should be uniformly graded, boulders should be hard

Answer 106

GABION MATTRESSES

Question 107

raised rim of concrete, both form the road surface drainage

Answer 107

Curb and Gutter

Question 108

pedestrian use, provide safety, must be wide enough

Answer 108

Concrete Sidewalk

Question 109

Types of Sidewalk

Answer 109

- concrete paved - asphalt paved

Question 110

installed to mark limit of safe travel, restrain and guide out of control

Answer 110

Guardrails

Question 111

Installation Specifications:

Answer 111

A. Location Layout B. Post Installation C. Beam Assembly D. Backfilling of Drilled/Dug Holes

Question 112

shown in plans. Located near the shoulder line, less than 0.6 meters

Answer 112

Location Layout

Question 113

spacing posts should be done with accuracy

Answer 113

Post Installation

Question 114

begins at the end farthest from approaching traffic

Answer 114

Beam Assembly

Question 115

should not be completed until the rail is in place and lined up, consist dry earth

Answer 115

Backfilling of Drilled/Dug Holes

Question 116

economical alternative road protection

Answer 116

Concrete Parapet Wall

Question 117

traffic signs installed

Answer 117

Road Signs

Question 118

Types of Road Signs

Answer 118

- Warning Signs - Regulatory Signs - Informative Sign

Question 119

Sign assembly/fabrication, surface preparation of sign blanks, application of reflectorized sheeting, installation.

Answer 119

Specifications