Roaring Twenties and Great Depression Review Items

Question 0

The Red Summer

Answer 0

Caused by postwar social tensions and competition for jobs among ethnic whites and blacks. Whites attacked African Americans usually, but sometimes the African Americans fought back.

Question 1

The Red Scare: Palmer Raids

Answer 1

Raids headed by J. Edgar Hoover…supported by Woodrow Wilson. They were an attempt to find suspected communists after the Russian Revolution.

Question 2

Madison Grant’s The Passing of the Great Race

Answer 2

Nordic Superiority: Strong eugenics (Pure breeding) program for the “Nordic” population to survive was repudiated by Americans in the 1930s.

Question 3

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

Answer 3

Limited the immigration of aliens to the United States.

Question 4

Immigration Act of 1924

Answer 4

(The Johnson-Reed Act) Further limited immigration, completely excluded Asia.

Question 5

Sacco and Vanzetti

Answer 5

Sacco and Vanzetti were accused of robbery and murder. They supposedly killed a paymaster. They were both executed via the electric chair.

Question 6

Ku Klux Klan: Formation and main points

Answer 6

“The Birth of A Nation” was a movie about the evil carpetbaggers and black republics. It was a totally false video that started the revival of the KKK.
-William J. Simmons is credited with reforming the KKK in Atlanta, GA after watching “The Birth of A Nation”
-100% Americanism- the KKK only went after foreigners, (sometimes Black Americans) Jews, and Catholics.
The KKK was strongest in the Midwest in Indiana b/c it is close to Chicago, immigrant heaven!!
Tax evasion and scandals brought them down.

Question 7

The Flappers

Answer 7

Young, energetic, bold women who rebelled against social norms. It started out as a way to save cloth for the war.
-The Flappers brought an end to the VICTORIAN AGE.

Question 8

Mass Media Defined

Answer 8

Communication that reaches a large number of people

Question 9

Jazz Singer

Answer 9

“The Jazz Singer” was a revolutionary movie. It changed the course of movies.

• Al Jolson wrote and produced the movie
• “The Jazz Singer” WAS THE FIRST TALKIE!!

Question 10

Jazz Age–origin, main info, The Charleston

Answer 10

The Jazz Age began in New Orleans and migrated with the Great Migration.

• The Jazz Age was called the start of Moral Depravity.
• The Charleston was the dance of choice of the time period.

Question 11

18th Amendment

Answer 11

Prohibition- “The Noble Experiment”

The 18th Amendment prohibited the manufacture, sell, and transportation of alcohol.

Question 12

Volstead Act

Answer 12

Set up the Prohibition Bureau to enforce the 18th Amendment.

Question 13

Speakeasies

Answer 13

Underground and illegal bars

Question 14

The Lost Generation

Answer 14

A group of writers that were disillusioned with American society. They didn’t like the materialism going on in society. They were called The Lost Generation because they left the country.

Question 15

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 15

-Often called the “New Negro Movement”
A literary awakening in New York City of Black Americans.
-It originated in New Orleans, moving to the Harlem section of New York during the Great Migration.

Question 16

James Weldon Johnson

Answer 16

He co-wrote “Lift Every Voice and Sing” a song. It became known as the Negro Nation Anthem.

Question 17

Langston Hughes

Answer 17

Most noted poet of the Harlem Renaissance.

The Harlem Renaissance was destroyed with the start of the Great Depression.

Question 18

Fundamentalism

Answer 18

The belief of the literal meaning of the bible.

Question 19

Billy Sunday

Answer 19

He was a baseball player turned preacher. He gave up alcohol and baseball to become a preacher.

Question 20

Aimee Semple McPherson

Answer 20

She was the leading female preacher (of few) in that day. She was noted for speaking to large audiences. She spoke on the West coast.

Question 21

The Scopes Monkey Trial

Answer 21

Argument- Man evolved from apes.
-John T. Scopes - The Southern States had an Anti-Evolution law. He was a teacher in Tennessee. He went against the Butler Act.
-William Jennings Bryan- Opponent
-Clarence Darrow- Defended John T. Scopes
SIGNIFICANCE: It started the nationwide debate of teaching evolution.

Question 22

Warren Harding’s Definiton of Return To Normalcy

Answer 22

Warren Harding’s presidency was noted for its pro-business policies and SCANDALS

Question 23

Teapot Dome Scandal

Answer 23

It was a scandal by ALBERT FALL.
-He transferred naval oil reserves to the Secretary of the Interior. He leased the Teapot Dome reserves to two wealthy businessmen. They paid Albert Fall $500,000. Albert Fall was convicted and sent to prison. He was the first cabinet member to go to prison.

Question 24

Calvin Coolidge’s Business Philosophy and The Mellon Plan

Answer 24

Business Philosophy - Laissez-faire economics-hands off of business. Aid it, don’t regulate it.

-The Mellon Plan - Andrew Mellon was the Secretary of Treasury. Mellon and Coolidge came up with the Mellon Plan to keep business rolling. 1) Tax cut for the wealthy 2) Reduction in income tax 3) Reduction in Excise Tax (manufactured goods)
I________________________________Led to Wild Speculation______________________________I

Question 25

Election of 1928

Answer 25

Herbert Hoover - Republican Al Smith - Democrat

^________WON_________^

Question 26

Consumer Economy

Answer 26

1) Buying on credit
2) Making monthly installments
3) Radios, washing machines, and the Model T-Ford

Question 27

The Automoblie

Answer 27

The Model T-Ford Car - made by Henry Ford. It became the biggest industry of the 1920s. The car cost about $250 - $300.

Question 28

Reasons for Stock Market Crash of 1929

Answer 28

1) Overproduction by manufacturers
2) Overproduction by farmers
3) Too much easy credit
4) European debt

Question 29

Hoovervilles

Answer 29

Shanty towns on the edges of cities. People there were impoverished. They came together because they were mad at Herbert Hoover.

Question 30

Hawley Smoot Tariff

Answer 30

Hoover’s response to the Stock Market Crash.

-Hawley Smoot Tariff - Tariff raised import rates to the highest level in U.S. history…over 50%. Because we raised ours, so did Britain, France, etcetra…

Question 31

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Answer 31

(RFC) - Gave loans to banks, railroad companies, and insurance companies to stimulate the economy. It is called a bailout today.

Question 32

The Bonus March of 1932

Answer 32

WWI veterans were promised their pensions in 1945. Texas congressman was approached by a veteran and said he would sponsor a bill to get the veterans their pensions earlier. They went to Washington to demand cash payment of pensions. Herbert Hoover sent in Douglas MacArthur with the U.S. Army to disperse the Bonus March. The veterans were told to leave. Fires broke out after shooting broke out. Veterans had guns. Eleven were killed.
SIGNIFICANCE - It really hurt Herbert Hoover politically.

Question 33

Election of 1932

Answer 33

Franklin D. Roosevelt - Democrat Herbert C. Hoover - Republican
^__________WON___________^

Campaign Rhetoric - We need rugged individualism and aid to business to get out of the depression.
Rugged Individualism - Just pull through it (Hoover)
New Deal - Roosevelt. Aid all Americans and the forgotten ones at the bottom of the economic pyramid.

Question 34

Significance of Inauguration Address, Fireside Chats

Answer 34

Inauguration Address: It was a speech to reassure Americans that “Everything is going to be okay.”

Fireside Chats: Weekly radio addresses to inform the public what the government was doing involving the Great Depression.

Question 35

John Maynard Keynes

Answer 35

Keynesian Economic Theory - Developed by John Maynard Keynes. He was a British economist and philosopher. He suggested government spending and involvement in business to get the economy going.

Question 36

Emergency Banking Act

Answer 36

Called for a bank holiday

Bank Holiday - Closed all banks until Congress could review which banks were healthy and which banks were unhealthy.

Question 37

Civilian Conservation Corps

Answer 37

(CCC) Put young unmarried men (ages 18-25) to work on various projects such as beaches, parks, and forests. They built things. They also moved around a lot.

Question 38

Agricultural Adjustment Act

Answer 38

Said that farmers that agreed to reduce production would receive farm subsidies or MONEY.

The Supreme Court declared the Agricultural Adjustment Act unconstitutional.

This started FDR’s war with the Supreme Court.

Question 39

Tennessee Valley Authority

Answer 39

(TVA) There was a massive flood in the South due to the lack of dams.

The TVAs purpose was to: 1) Build dams to prevent flooding 2) Provide a lot of jobs for workers.

This helped with electricity because of hydroelectricity.

Question 40

Glass-Steagall Act of 1933

Answer 40

Set up the: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) - Insured deposits up to $2,500

Question 41

National Recovery Administration

Answer 41

(NRA) 1) Set up a minimum wage system ($0.30 per hour)

   2) Set up a maximum work week, 40 hours 
   3) Abolished child labor under the age of 16

THE SUPREME COURT DECLARED IT UNCONSTITUTIONAL B/C THE PRESIDENT HAD TOO MUCH POWER.

Question 42

Huey “Kingfish” Long

Answer 42

Huey “Kingfish” Long came up with the “Share our Wealth” program. He wanted to help the needy. He was a Democratic Senator from Louisiana. He supported and campaigned for FDR in the Election of 1932…but later opposed him.

Question 43

Father Charles Coughlin

Answer 43

Father Charles Coughlin was a radio priest who also supported FDR in the Election of 1932. Father Coughlin broke with him because he said that Roosevelt went too far with the New Deal and should have supported businesses more.

Question 44

National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)

Answer 44

It was named for the sponsor of it, Robert Wagner. Labor strikes were breaking out over the United States so this BANNED UNFAIR PRACTICES BY EMPLOYERS ON LABOR UNIONS.

Question 45

Social Security Act of 1935 or the Townsend Plan

Answer 45

Francis Townsend believed in the Old Age Pension Club. The elderly couldn’t work, they needed financial assistance.

1) An Old Age Pension fund was set up for those 65 years of age and older
2) Unemployment compensation was set up
3) Aid to families with dependent children was set up

Opposition - The American Liberty Leauge (ALL) called it communistic and unAmerican because it was run by the government. Plus it would cost a lot of money.

Long-Term Effects: Greatest domestic achievment of FDR’s presidency. Greatest piece of social warfare in American history.

Question 46

Works Progress Administration

Answer 46

(WPA) Put men to work building roads, bridges, courthouses, post offices, and schools.

Question 47

Election of 1936

Answer 47

Franklin Roosevelt - Democrat Alf Landon - Republican
^_________WON__________^

New Deal and Great Depression were the main issues.

SIGNIFICANCE: The Election of 1936 marked the shift of Black Americans from Republican to Democratic. Union workers usually voted Republican, they voted Democratic. Women voted Democratic.

Question 48

FDR’s Court Packing Plan

Answer 48

For every justice over the age of 70 (at that time), he wanted to add six new justices. This was because two justices had been around before WWI and kept vetoing his acts and bills.

THIS CONTINUED ON FDR’S BATTLE WITH THE SUPREME COURT.

Question 49

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

Answer 49

1) 40 hour work week
2) Minimum wage scale starting at $0.40 per hour
3) Child labor below age 16 abolished

Question 50

Legacy of New Deal

Answer 50

1) Brought relief and recovery to the nation

2) Created political changed (the Election of 1936)

Question 51

Dust Bowl

Answer 51

(1931-1940) The Dust Bowl was a series of dust storms that hit the Midwest/Great Plains.

Reasons: Drought, farming techniques drying out the soil

Question 52

Black Cabinet and Mary McLeod Bethune

Answer 52

The Black Cabinet was a second level cabinet who kept FDR informed about issues concerning Black Americans.

Mary McLeod Bethune - She was one of the leaders of the Black Cabinet

Question 53

Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

Answer 53

1) Ended the sell of tribal lands

2) Gave the Native Americans the title to their lands

Question 54

Escapism

Answer 54

Escapism - getting away from the reality of your problems

Major movies - “Gone with the Wind,” “The Wizard of Oz,” “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”