Robert Plutchink

Question 1

There is a small number of basic, primary or prototype emotions. List the 8 basic or primary or basic emotions defined by Robert Plutchick.

Answer 1

1. Joy
2. Trust
3. Fear
4. Surprise
5. Sadness
6. Disgust
7. Anger
8. Anticipation

Question 2

Emotions serve an adaptive role. Describe the function of:

Joy

Answer 2

Stimulus event: Gain of valued object

Cognitive appraisal: “Possess”

Subjective reaction: Joy

Behavioural reaction: Retain or repeat

Function: Gain resources

Question 3

Emotions serve an adaptive role. Describe the function of:

Trust

Answer 3

Stimulus event: Member of own group

Cognitive appraisal: “Friend”

Subjective reaction: Trust

Behavioural reaction: Groom

Function: Mutual support

Question 4

Emotions serve an adaptive role. Describe the function of:

Fear

Answer 4

Stimulus event: Threat

Cognitive appraisal: “Danger”

Subjective reaction: Fear

Behavioural reaction: Escape

Function: Safety

Question 5

Emotions serve an adaptive role. Describe the function of:

Surprise

Answer 5

Stimulus event: Unexpected event

Cognitive appraisal: “What is it?”

Subjective reaction: Surprise

Behavioural reaction: Stop

Function: Gain time to orient

Question 6

Emotions serve an adaptive role. Describe the function of:

Sadness

Answer 6

Stimulus event: Loss of valued object

Cognitive appraisal: “Abandonement”

Subjective reaction: Sadness

Behavioural reaction: Cry

Function: Reattach to lost object

Question 7

Emotions serve an adaptive role. Describe the function of:

Disgust

Answer 7

Stimulus event: Unpalatable object

Cognitive appraisal: “Poison”

Subjective reaction: Disgust

Behavioural reaction: Vomit

Function: Eject poison

Question 8

Emotions serve an adaptive role. Describe the function of:

Anger

Answer 8

Stimulus event: Obstacle

Cognitive appraisal: “Enemy”

Subjective reaction: Anger

Behavioural reaction: Attack

Function: Destroy obstacle

Question 9

Emotions serve an adaptive role. Describe the function of:

Anticipation

Answer 9

Stimulus event: New territory

Cognitive appraisal: “Examine”

Subjective reaction: Anticipation

Behavioural reaction: Map

Function: Knowledge of territory

Question 10

Primary emotions can be conceptualised in terms of polar opposites. Categorise the 8 primary emotions in 4 pairs of opposites

Answer 10

1. Joy - Sadness
2. Trust - Disgust
3. Fear - Anger
4. Surprise - Anticipation

Question 11

Basic emotions combine in primary dyads to form (often felt) compound emotions.

Which primary emotions combine to form

Love

Answer 11

Joy & Trust

Question 12

Basic emotions combine in primary dyads to form (often felt) compound emotions.

Which primary emotions combine to form

Submission

Answer 12

Trust & Fear

Question 13

Basic emotions combine in primary dyads to form (often felt) compound emotions.

Which primary emotions combine to form

Alarm

Answer 13

Fear & Surprise

Question 14

Basic emotions combine in primary dyads to form (often felt) compound emotions.

Which primary emotions combine to form

Disappointment

Answer 14

Surprise & Sadness

Question 15

Basic emotions combine in primary dyads to form (often felt) compound emotions.

Which primary emotions combine to form

Remorse

Answer 15

Sadness & Disgust

Question 16

Basic emotions combine in primary dyads to form (often felt) compound emotions.

Which primary emotions combine to form

Contempt

Answer 16

Disgust & Anger

Question 17

Basic emotions combine in primary dyads to form (often felt) compound emotions.

Which primary emotions combine to form

Aggression

Answer 17

Anger & Anticipation

Question 18

Basic emotions combine in primary dyads to form (often felt) compound emotions.

Which primary emotions combine to form

Optimism

Answer 18

Anticipation & Joy

Question 19

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions.

Which primary emotions combine to form

Guilt

Answer 19

Joy & Fear

Question 20

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions.

Which primary emotions combine to form

Curiosity

Answer 20

Trust & Surprise

Question 21

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions.

Which primary emotions combine to form

Despair

Answer 21

Fear & Sadness

Question 22

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions.

Which primary emotions combine to form

“Horror” (?)

Answer 22

Surprise & Disgust

Question 23

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions.

Which primary emotions combine to form

Envy

Answer 23

Sadness & Anger

Question 24

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions.

Which primary emotions combine to form

Cynism

Answer 24

Disgust & Anticipation

Question 25

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which primary emotions combine to form **Pride**

Answer 25

Anger & Joy

Question 26

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which primary emotions combine to form **Fatalism**

Answer 26

Anticipation and Trust

Question 27

Basic emotions combine in tertiary dyads to form (seldom felt) compound emotions. Which primary emotions combine to form **Delight**

Answer 27

Joy & Surprise

Question 28

Basic emotions combine in tertiary dyads to form (seldom felt) compound emotions. Which primary emotions combine to form **Sentimentality**

Answer 28

Trust & Sadness

Question 29

Basic emotions combine in tertiary dyads to form (seldom felt) compound emotions. Which primary emotions combine to form **Shame**

Answer 29

Fear & Disgust

Question 30

Basic emotions combine in tertiary dyads to form (seldom felt) compound emotions. Which primary emotions combine to form **Outrage**

Answer 30

Surprise & Anger

Question 31

Basic emotions combine in tertiary dyads to form (seldom felt) compound emotions. Which primary emotions combine to form **Pessimism**

Answer 31

Sadness & Anticipation

Question 32

Basic emotions combine in tertiary dyads to form (seldom felt) compound emotions. Which primary emotions combine to form **Morbidness**

Answer 32

Disgust & Joy

Question 33

Basic emotions combine in tertiary dyads to form (seldom felt) compound emotions. Which primary emotions combine to form **Dominance**

Answer 33

Anger & Trust

Question 34

Basic emotions combine in tertiary dyads to form (seldom felt) compound emotions. Which primary emotions combine to form **Anxiety**

Answer 34

Anticipation & Fear

Question 35

Basic emotions combine in primary dyads to form (often felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Joy & Trust**

Answer 35

Love

Question 36

Basic emotions combine in primary dyads to form (often felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Trust & Fear**

Answer 36

Submission

Question 37

Basic emotions combine in primary dyads to form (often felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Fear & Surprise**

Answer 37

Alarm

Question 38

Basic emotions combine in primary dyads to form (often felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Surprise & Sadness**

Answer 38

Disappointment

Question 39

Basic emotions combine in primary dyads to form (often felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Sadness & Disgust**

Answer 39

Remorse

Question 40

Basic emotions combine in primary dyads to form (often felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Disgust & Anger**

Answer 40

Contempt

Question 41

Basic emotions combine in primary dyads to form (often felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Anger & Anticipation**

Answer 41

Aggression

Question 42

Basic emotions combine in primary dyads to form (often felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Anticipation & Joy**

Answer 42

Optimism

Question 43

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Joy & Fear**

Answer 43

Guilt

Question 44

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Trust & Surprise**

Answer 44

Curiosity

Question 45

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Fear & Sadness**

Answer 45

Despair

Question 46

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Surprise & Disgust**

Answer 46

"Horror" (?)

Question 47

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Sadness & Anger**

Answer 47

Envy

Question 48

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Disgust & Anticiption**

Answer 48

Cynism

Question 49

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Anger & Joy**

Answer 49

Pride

Question 50

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Anticipation & Trust**

Answer 50

Fatalism

Question 51

Basic emotions combine in tertiary dyads to form (seldom felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Joy & Surprise**

Answer 51

Delight

Question 52

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Trust & Sadness**

Answer 52

Sentimentality

Question 53

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Fear & Disgust**

Answer 53

Shame

Question 54

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Surprise & Anger**

Answer 54

Outrage

Question 55

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Sadness & Anticipation**

Answer 55

Pessimism

Question 56

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Disgust & Joy**

Answer 56

Morbidness

Question 57

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Anger & Trust**

Answer 57

Dominance

Question 58

Basic emotions combine in secondary dyads to form (sometimes felt) compound emotions. Which emotion results from the combination of **Anticipation & Fear**

Answer 58

Anxiety

Question 59

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Name the less and more intense intense versions of **Joy**

Answer 59

More intense: Ecstacy Less intense: Serenity

Question 60

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Name the less and more intense intense versions of **Trust**

Answer 60

More intense: Admiration Less intense: Acceptance

Question 61

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Name the less and more intense intense versions of **Fear**

Answer 61

More intense: Terror Less intense: Apprehension

Question 62

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Name the less and more intense intense versions of **Surprise**

Answer 62

More intense: Amazement Less intense: Distraction

Question 63

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Name the less and more intense intense versions of **Sadness**

Answer 63

More intense: Grief Less intense: Pensiveness

Question 64

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Name the less and more intense intense versions of **Disgust**

Answer 64

More intense: Loathing Less intense: Boredom

Question 65

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Name the less and more intense intense versions of **Anger**

Answer 65

More intense: Rage Less intense: Annoyance

Question 66

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Name the less and more intense intense versions of **Anticipation**

Answer 66

More intense: Vigilance Less intense: Interest

Question 67

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Serenity**

Answer 67

Joy

Question 68

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Delight**

Answer 68

Joy

Question 69

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Cheerfulness**

Answer 69

Joy

Question 70

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Acceptance**

Answer 70

Trust

Question 71

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Tolerance**

Answer 71

Trust

Question 72

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Apprehension**

Answer 72

Fear

Question 73

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Timidity**

Answer 73

Fear

Question 74

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Dismay**

Answer 74

Fear

Question 75

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Distraction**

Answer 75

Surprise

Question 76

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Uncertainty**

Answer 76

Surprise

Question 77

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Pensiveness**

Answer 77

Sadness

Question 78

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Gloominess**

Answer 78

Sadness

Question 79

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Dejection**

Answer 79

Sadness

Question 80

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Boredom**

Answer 80

Disgust

Question 81

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Dislike**

Answer 81

Disgust

Question 82

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Aversion**

Answer 82

Disgust

Question 83

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Annoyance**

Answer 83

Anger

Question 84

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Hostility**

Answer 84

Anger

Question 85

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Interest**

Answer 85

Anticipation

Question 86

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Curiosity**

Answer 86

Anticipation

Question 87

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Attentiveness**

Answer 87

Anticipation

Question 88

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a less intense state **Expectancy**

Answer 88

Anticipation

Question 89

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a more intense state **Ecstacy**

Answer 89

Joy

Question 90

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a more intense state **Elation**

Answer 90

Joy

Question 91

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a more intense state **Admiration**

Answer 91

Trust

Question 92

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a more intense state **Terror**

Answer 92

Fear

Question 93

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a more intense state **Panic**

Answer 93

Fear

Question 94

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a more intense state **Fright**

Answer 94

Fear

Question 95

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a more intense state **Amazement**

Answer 95

Surprise

Question 96

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a more intense state **Astonishment**

Answer 96

Surprise

Question 97

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a more intense state **Grief**

Answer 97

Sadness

Question 98

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a more intense state **Sorrow**

Answer 98

Sadness

Question 99

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a more intense state **Loathing**

Answer 99

Disgust

Question 100

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a more intense state **Revulsion**

Answer 100

Disgust

Question 101

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a more intense state **Rage**

Answer 101

Anger

Question 102

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a more intense state **Fury**

Answer 102

Anger

Question 103

Emotions can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. Of which primary emotion is the following an example of a more intense state **Vigilance**

Answer 103

Anticipation