Robin_Back and Head Muscles

Question 1

Serratus posterior

inferior

Answer 1

O: t11-l2 (spinous processes)

I: 8th-12th ribs (inferior borders, near angles)

A: depresses ribs

Iner: spinal nerves T9-t12)

Question 2

Nuchal ligament

Answer 2

is a ligament at the back of the neck that is continuous with the supraspinous ligament.

goes straight down the spine

Question 3

Splenius

Capitis

Answer 3

O: nuchal ligament c3-c7 spinous prcesses

I: occipital bone (lateral superior nuchal line, mastoid process)

A: bilateral :extends cervcial spin and head

Unilateral: lateral flexion and roatation to the same side

In: spinal nn. c1-c6 (posterior rami, lateral branches)

Question 4

Splenius Captiis Cervicis

Answer 4

O: t3-t6 (spinous prcesses)

I: c1-c2( transverse processes)

A: bilateral :extends cervcial spin and head

Unilateral: lateral flexion and roatation to the same side

In: spinal nn. c1-c6 (posterior rami, lateral branches)

Question 5

curves in the spine

Answer 5

Primary- formed at birth (sacral/coccygeal region &thoracic )

Secondary- get as we stand up and start walking (lumbar & Cervical)

Question 6

L4 reference point

Answer 6

in line with iliac spine

Question 7

ligamentum nuchae

Answer 7

keeps head up

Question 8

Divisions of back muscles

Answer 8

1. Superfical (mover upper extremities)
2. Intermediate layer - respiratory muscles (insert to ribs)
3. Deep layer (move trunk and back) (all extend trunk of neck when act bilaterally) (all located dorsal to vertebral column) (all innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves)

Question 9

Trapezius

Answer 9

O: 1. skull: enternal occipital protuberance.

2. Fascia: ligamentum nuchae
3. Vertebrae (spines c7, t1-t12)

Insert: 1. clavice (lateral 1/3)

2. Scapula -acromion and spine

A: 1. elevates (upper fibers) and depresses (lower fibers) shoulder

2. Retracts scapula
3. extends head
   innervation: accesssory nerve (Cranial nerve XI)

Question 10

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 10

Origin: Vertebrae T6-T12 (spines)

Fascia- Thoracolumbar fascia Pelvic Bone- Iliac crest;

Insertion: Humerus-Intertubercular (bicipital) groove

Actions: Adducts, extends, and medially rotates arm

Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve

Question 11

Triangle of auscultation

Answer 11

Triangle of auscultation (which means hearing: this is where you put the stethoscope)

Boundaries Inferior - Lat. Dorsi

Superior - Trapezius

Lateral - Rhomboid Major

Question 12

Thoracolumbar (lumbar) fascia- covers deep muscles of back

Answer 12

attaches medially to spines of vertebrae

• inferiorly to ilium (pelvic bone)

Provides for muscle attachments

Question 13

3. LEVATOR SCAPULAE Origin: Vertebrae (C1-C4 transverse processes) Insertion: Scapula (sup. angle and medial border)

Answer 13

3. LEVATOR SCAPULAE Origin: Vertebrae (C1-C4 transverse processes) Insertion: Scapula (sup. angle and medial border)

Action: All elevate and adduct scapula

Innervation: All by Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 14

<!--StartFragment-->

. RHOMBOID MINOR

Origin: Vertebrae (C7, T1 spines)

Insert: Scapula (med. border)

<!--EndFragment-->

Answer 14

<!--StartFragment-->

. RHOMBOID MINOR

Origin: Vertebrae (C7, T1 spines)

Insert: Scapula (med. border)

Action: All elevate and adduct scapula

Innervation: All by Dorsal scapular nerve

<!--EndFragment-->

Question 15

RHOMBOID MAJOR

Answer 15

RHOMBOID MAJOR

Origin: Vertebrae T2-T5 spines;

Insert: Scapula (med. Border) to Inferior Angle

Action: All elevate and adduct scapula

Innervation: All by Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 16

LEVATORES COSTARUM

Answer 16

Series of muscles:

Origin: Vertebrae (C7, T1-11 transverse processes)

Insert: Ribs (below origin)

Action: Raise ribs in Inspiration

Innervation: Dorsal primary rami of thoracic spinal nerves

Question 17

Serratus posterior superior

Answer 17

Origin: Vertebrae (cervical and upper thoracic spines)

Insert: Ribs

Action: Raise ribs in inspiration

Innervation: both muscles by Intercostal Nerves

Question 18

Serratus posterior inferior

Answer 18

Origin: Vertebrae lumbar and lower thoracic spines; Insert: Ribs

Action: Lower ribs in expiration

Innervation: both muscles by Intercostal Nerves

Question 19

Levator scapula

Answer 19

O: transverse processes of first four cerical vert

I: vertebral border of scapula between the superior angle and spine

A: scapular elevation and downward rotation

N: third and fourth cervical nerves

Question 20

SPLENIUS CAPITIS AND SPLENIUS CERVICIS- located deep to trapezius; both muscles have same origin, different insertions

Answer 20

Origin: Vertebrae (Spines of T1-T4)

Insert: Splenius Capitis- Skull (Occipital, Temporal bones)

Splenius Cervicis- Vertebrae (Transverse processes C2, C3)

Action: Extend neck and head; rotate in unilateral action

Question 21

ERECTOR SPINAE- three columns of muscle lying in parallel

Answer 21

SPINALIS- most medial

LONGISSIMUS- intermediate

ILIOCOSTALIS- lateral

Question 22

iliocostalis

Answer 22

a. ILIOCOSTALIS Origin: Ilium & ribs

Insertion: Ribs or Transverse Processes Above

Question 23

transversospinalis

Answer 23

ALL: Origin: transverse processes

Insert: spines of vertebrae above

Parts differ in how many vertebrae they extend across

a. Semispinalis- 5 or 6
b. Multifidus- 3 or 4
c. Rotatores- 1 or 2

Act: Extend trunk in bilateral action, rotate unilaterally

Note: Orientation of muscle fibers: transversospinalis are angled up and in toward spines; erector spinae are parallel to vertebral column

Question 24

multifidus (multifidus spinae

Answer 24

O: Sacrum, Erector spinae Aponeurosis,PSIS, and Iliac crest

I: spinous process

A:Stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column

N: posterior branches

Question 25

Muscles innervated by axillary nerve

Answer 25

deltoid, teres minor,

Question 26

muscles innervated by dorsal scapular

Answer 26

rhomboids and levator scapular