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Rock Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Lithosphere

A

A scientific word that is the crust

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2
Q

Magma

A

Hot substance of molten rock and gases

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3
Q

Sediments

A

Materials Brocken down by erosion from wind

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4
Q

Lustres

A

An appearance of a mineral cause by light and make it look glassy, metallic and bright

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5
Q

Streak

A

Colour of a mineral found by rubbing it onto an unglazed white ceramic tile

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6
Q

Hardness

A

How difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material

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7
Q

Minerals

A

Are nutrients that functions in your body from food

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8
Q

Igneous Rocks

A

Rock that is formed through the cooling of the magma and lava

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9
Q

Extrusive rocks

A

Refers to magma flowing through the crust but does not make it out

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10
Q

Pumice

A

A pale rock that forms from frothy lava that cools in the air

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11
Q

Scoria

A

A dark, igneous rock formed by gassy lava that cools down in the air

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12
Q

Abrasive

A

a property of a material or substance that easily scratches another

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13
Q

Basalt

A

A dark, igneous rock with small crystals formed by fast cooling of hot lava. It sometimes has holes that once contained volcanic gases.

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14
Q

Obsidian

A

A black, glassy rock that breaks into pieces with smooth shell-like surfaces

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15
Q

Intrusive rock

A

igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface

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16
Q

Batholiths

A

Intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

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17
Q

Granite

A

A hard, igneous rock with different-coloured crystals large enough to see. It forms slowly below the Earth’s surface.

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18
Q

Erosion

A

eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.

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19
Q

Floodplain

A

flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

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20
Q

Glaciers

A

large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them

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21
Q

Moraine

A

deposit left by movement of a glacier

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22
Q

Sandstone

A

sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains.

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23
Q

Mudstone

A

fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

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24
Q

Shale

A

fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

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25
Siltstone
sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone
26
Conglomerate
sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together
27
Limestone
sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms. It consists mainly of calcium carbonate.
28
Coal
sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely
29
Rock salt
sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up. Its main chemical is sodium chloride.
30
Metamorphism
Changing Form
31
Metamorphic rock
Rocks that change
32
Slate
fine-grained metamorphic rock formed as a result of moderate heat and pressure on shale
33
Marble
a metamorphic rock formed as a result of great pressure on limestone
34
Gneiss
coarse-grained metamorphic rock formed mainly as a result of great pressure on granite
35
Igneous Rocks
Rock that is formed through the cooling of the magma and lava
36
Extrusive rocks
Refers to magma flowing through the crust but does not make it out
37
Pumice
A pale rock that forms from frothy lava that cools in the air
38
Scoria
A dark, igneous rock formed by gassy lava that cools down in the air
39
Abrasive
a property of a material or substance that easily scratches another
40
Basalt
A dark, igneous rock with small crystals formed by fast cooling of hot lava. It sometimes has holes that once contained volcanic gases.
41
Obsidian
A black, glassy rock that breaks into pieces with smooth shell-like surfaces
42
Intrusive rock
igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface
43
Batholiths
Intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across
44
Granite
A hard, igneous rock with different-coloured crystals large enough to see. It forms slowly below the Earth’s surface.
45
Erosion
eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.
46
Floodplain
flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods
47
Glaciers
large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them
48
Moraine
deposit left by movement of a glacier
49
Sandstone
sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains.
50
Mudstone
fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering
51
Shale
fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay
52
Siltstone
sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone
53
Conglomerate
sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together
54
Limestone
sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms. It consists mainly of calcium carbonate.
55
Coal
sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely
56
Rock salt
sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up. Its main chemical is sodium chloride.
57
Stone Age
the time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone
58
Alloy
mixture of a metal with a non-metal or another metal
59
Flint
fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken
60
Flint
fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken
61
Percussion flaking
process in which tool stones such as flint or obsidian were struck with harder stones, such as quartzite, to shear large flakes that could be used to make small tools
62
Fossil
any remains, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age; evidence of life in the past
63
Palaeontologists
Scientist who studies fossil
64
Folding
buckling of rocks. It is caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides.
65
Relative age
age of a rock compared with the age of another rock
66
Mould
cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism; types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods
67
Trace fossil
fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints, that an organism was present when the rock was formed
68
Extinct
describes volcanoes that are no longer active. Extinct volcanoes have not erupted for thousands of years and show no sign of future eruption.

Rock (4 decks)

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