Rock Cycle Flashcards

(100 cards)

1
Q

what is a rock?

A

naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter

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2
Q

what is the rock cycle

A

the continental process by which new rock forms from old material

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3
Q

what is erosion

A

process by which sediment is removed from one location to another by either wind, water, ice or gravity

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4
Q

what is depostion

A

process by which material is laid down

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5
Q

what is composition

A

chemical makeup of a rock, describes either minerals or the materials in the rock

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6
Q

what is texture

A

the quality of a rock that is based on size, shape, and position of the rocks grains

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7
Q

metamorphic rock is formed by ________ and_________

A

heat and pressure

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8
Q

metamorphic can be ________ or _________

A

foliated or non-foliated

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9
Q

foliated is

A

the texture of a metamorphic rock where the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands

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10
Q

is slate foliated or non-foliated

A

foliated

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11
Q

is gniess foliated or non-foliated

A

foliated

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12
Q

non-foliated is

A

the texture of metamorphic rock where the mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands

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13
Q

is marble foliated or non-foliated

A

non-foliated

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14
Q

why is marble not foliated

A

the grains aren’t arranged in plates or bands

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15
Q

what occurs when magma cools

A

igneous rock

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16
Q

what occurs with igneous and metamorphic rock melt

A

magma

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17
Q

what rock occurs with sedimentary rock is put under heat and pressure

A

metamorphic rock

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18
Q

what rock is formed when igneous rock is put under heat and pressure

A

metamorphic rock

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19
Q

When rocks do thorough weathering and erosion what to they turn in to

A

sediments

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20
Q

when sediment undergo compaction and cementation what rock is formed.

A

sedimentary rock

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21
Q

how many rock types are there

A

3

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22
Q

what are the 2 types of igneous rock

A

intrusive and extrusive

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23
Q

is intrusive fast or slow? inside or outside? course or fine grain?

A

slow, inside, course

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24
Q

when does intrusive igneous rock occur?

A

when magma coos slowly inside the earths surface

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25
is extrusive fast or slow? inside or outside? course or fine grain?
fast, outside, fine grain
26
when does extrusive igneous rock form
when lava cools quickly on top of the earths surface
27
the texture of igneous rock is determined by what
the rate at which the rock cools
28
What are the 3 ways magma can form
1. when rock is heated 2. when pressure is released 3. when rock changes composition
29
Igneous rocks are formed from
molten rock that has cooled and solidifyed
30
intrusive rocks are formed for the cooling and solidification of
magma beneath earths surface
31
extrusive rocks from the result of _________ activity at or near the earth ________
volcanic, surface
32
what type of igneous where magma is cooled on the surface
extrusive
33
what type of igneous where magma cools underground
intrusive
34
what type of igneous where magma cools quickly
extrusive
35
what type of igneous where magma cools slow
intrusive
36
what size are extrusive crystals
small
37
what size are intrusive crystals
large
38
are obsidian and basalt extrusive or intrusive
extrusive
39
are granite and gabbro extrusive or intrusive
intrusive
40
what is the difference between metamorphic and igneous rock
metamorphic rock is being heated up where igneous is cooling down. To make an igneous you don't need pressure. They form in different ways
41
what are the 5 steps to creating a sedimentary rock
weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation
42
weathering is when
the rock is broken down
43
erosion is when
sediments are moved
44
deposition is when
the sediments are dropped off to a new location
45
compaction is
when the sediments are layered on top of on another
46
sediments are
small fragments of rocks and minerals
47
sediments can be moved by
water, wind, ice or gravity
48
moving sediments is called
erosion
49
sediments may harden in to ________. First the sediments are _________
rock, compacted
50
fossils form in what type of rock
sedimentary
51
which is natural process mechanical or chemical weathering
mechanical weathering
52
what happens during mechanical weathering
physical forces split apart the rocks but don't change their composition
53
which type of weathering changes the makeup or compaction of a rock
chemical weathering
54
true or false | in mechanical weathering some minerals in the rock dissolve when they come in contact with air or water
false - this is chemical weathering
55
sand is a
sediment
56
how does sand get different colors
erosion
57
true or false | sand is broken down rock cause by weathering
true
58
What beach was a former dump site that was eventually crushed and smoothed by the waves
glass beach in California
59
Where are igneous rocks found
they can either be found on the surface or under ground and by volcanos
60
who do igneous rocks form?
they form from molten rock that has cooled and solidified intrusive = magma/inside extrusive = lava/outside
61
where are sedimentary rocks formed?
they are could on the surface
62
how to sedimentary rocks form
sediments are deposited and layered on top of each other then compacted together weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation
63
where are metamorphic rocks found
they are found inside the earth where pressure and heat are high
64
how do metamorphic rocks form
they are formed by intense heat and pressure and they are either foliated or non- foliated
65
what type of rock is conglomerate
sedimentary
66
what type of rock is limestone
sedimentary
67
what type of rock is gneiss
metamorphic
68
what type of rock is marble
metamorphic
69
what type of rock is basalt
igneous
70
what type of rock is obsidian
igneous
71
what are small flat surfaces that are shiny or sparkly like tiny mirrors
crystals
72
what are imprints of leaves shells, insects or other items in the rock
fossils
73
what are "holes like swiss cheese" in the rock
gas bubbles
74
what type of surface is shiny and smooth like colored glass
glassy surface
75
what type of layers are straight or wavy stripes of different colors in the rock
ribbon like layer
76
what are individual stones or grains visible in the rock
sand or pebbles
77
water is beating the rocky shoreline and breaking off tiny pieces of
seediment
78
You are being crushed and squeezed by the heat and pressure at a convergent plate boundary. What type of rock are you?
metamorphic rock
79
You have erupted out of a volcano! Specifically what type of rock are you?
Extrusive igneous
80
Your rock layer is close to a substitution zone. You have been pushed into the earths mantle and have begun
melting
81
Why is the rock cycle a cycle
In the rock cycle everything can change into different things and eventually make it back to its starting point
82
Which type of rock most likely contains fossils
sedimentary
83
igneous to sediments arrow
weathering and erosion
84
igneous to magma arrow
melting
85
igneous to metamorphic
heat and pressure
86
magma to igneous arrow
cooling
87
metamorphic to magma arrow
melting
88
metamorphic to sediments arrow
weathering and erosion
89
sedimentary to metamorphic arrow
heat and pressure
90
sedimentary to sediments arrow
weathering and erosion
91
sediments to sedimentary arrow
compaction and cementation
92
what is reclamation
reclaiming the land you have mined/filling what you dug up
93
what process happens to change igneous or sedimentary to metamorphic rock
heat and pressure
94
True or False | A rock spend the same amount of time in each stage of the rock cycle
false
95
what type of rock forms when magma cools below the surface
intrusive igneous rock
96
in what ways are sediments transported
wind, water, rivers, gravity
97
what type or rock forms from sediments
sedimentary rock
98
what forms was rocks melt deep underground
magma
99
in the starburst lab, how did we create a metamorphic rock
rubbing the starburst in our hand why pushing them together | heat and pressure
100
In the starburst lab how did we show weathering
ripping the starburst into small peices