Rock Cycle

Question 1

What are the three major types of rocks?

Answer 1

Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic

Question 2

How are igneous rocks formed?

Answer 2

From the melting and cooling of magma or lava

Question 3

What process leads to the formation of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 3

Erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation

Question 4

What is the term for molten rock beneath Earth’s surface?

Answer 4

Magma

Question 5

What is it called when magma reaches the surface?

Answer 5

Lava

Question 6

What is crystallization in relation to igneous rocks?

Answer 6

The solidification of lava or magma

Question 7

Fill in the blank: A __________ rock is formed from the remains of living things.

Answer 7

Organic sedimentary

Question 8

What is the process by which rocks change into new rocks called?

Answer 8

The rock cycle

Question 9

What type of rock is formed under tremendous heat and pressure?

Answer 9

Metamorphic rock

Question 10

True or False: All sedimentary rocks form from the pressure of compacting sediments.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

What is the term for the physical change in metamorphic rocks that forms bands of different-colored crystals?

Answer 11

Foliation

Question 12

What type of igneous rock cools slowly beneath Earth’s surface?

Answer 12

Intrusive igneous rocks

Question 13

What type of igneous rock cools quickly on Earth’s surface?

Answer 13

Extrusive igneous rocks

Question 14

List the processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks.

Answer 14

• Weathering
• Erosion
• Deposition
• Compaction and cementation

Question 15

What is an example of a chemical sedimentary rock?

Answer 15

Gypsum

Question 16

What happens to mud during metamorphism?

Answer 16

It changes into slate

Question 17

What type of rock is gneiss?

Answer 17

Foliated metamorphic rock

Question 18

What systems interact to recycle rock materials on Earth?

Answer 18

• Geosphere
• Atmosphere
• Hydrosphere
• Biosphere

Question 19

Where does the energy needed for geological processes come from?

Answer 19

• The Sun
• Earth’s hot interior

Question 20

Fill in the blank: __________ rocks are formed from sediments collected at the bottom of bodies of water.

Answer 20

Sedimentary

Question 22

What type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

Answer 22

Igneous

Igneous rocks can be classified into two main types: intrusive (formed from magma) and extrusive (formed from lava).

Question 23

What type of rock is formed through the accumulation and compaction of sediments?

Answer 23

Sedimentary

Sedimentary rocks often contain fossils and are formed in layers.

Question 24

What type of rock is formed under intense heat and pressure?

Answer 24

Metamorphic

Metamorphic rocks can originate from either igneous or sedimentary rocks.

Question 25

What information can fossils provide?

Answer 25

Which organisms lived on Earth in the past ## Footnote Fossils can also indicate the environmental conditions of the time.

Question 26

Place the steps of sedimentary rock formation in order from earliest to latest.

Answer 26

1. Weathering and erosion 2. Transportation 3. Deposition 4. Compaction 5. Cementation ## Footnote These steps describe how sediments are transformed into sedimentary rock.

Question 27

What role does erosion play in the rock cycle?

Answer 27

It transports sediment ## Footnote Erosion is crucial for moving sediments from one location to another, contributing to the formation of sedimentary rocks.

Question 28

In what way are rock layers like photo albums?

Answer 28

They contain information about the past ## Footnote Each layer represents a specific time period in Earth's history.

Question 29

Which layer of rock is most likely to be the oldest?

Answer 29

The bottom layer ## Footnote According to the principle of superposition, older layers are found below younger layers.

Question 30

How does metamorphic rock reach Earth’s surface?

Answer 30

C. Erosion carries it to the surface ## Footnote Metamorphic rocks are often formed deep underground and are brought to the surface through geological processes.

Question 31

How can a sedimentary rock become a metamorphic rock?

Answer 31

By getting exposed to intense heat and pressure ## Footnote This process alters the mineral structure and texture of the rock.

Question 32

What are the 3 main types of rocks?

Answer 32

Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic

Question 33

What does 'molten' mean?

Answer 33

Materials with a high melting point liquefied by heat

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The rock cycle is the long, slow journey of rocks ______ from Earth’s surface and then move back up again.

Answer 34

down

Question 35

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 35

From particles of silt, sand, pebbles, and other fragments of material

Question 36

What is sediment?

Answer 36

Particles of rocks, minerals, or animal or plant material combined to form a rock

Question 37

What type of rock is usually the only type that contains fossils?

Answer 37

Sedimentary

Question 38

Examples of sedimentary rock include:

Answer 38

* Limestone * Sandstone

Question 39

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

Answer 39

From the metamorphosis that occurs due to intense heat and pressure

Question 40

Examples of metamorphic rock include:

Answer 40

* Gneiss * Schist

Question 41

What characterizes igneous rocks?

Answer 41

Formed when magma cools and solidifies

Question 42

What happens when lava cools very quickly?

Answer 42

No crystals form and the rock looks shiny and glasslike

Question 43

Examples of igneous rock include:

Answer 43

* Basalt * Obsidian

Question 44

What is metamorphism?

Answer 44

Transformation due to rising temperature and pressure

Question 45

What is the temperature range required to melt a rock?

Answer 45

600 to 1,300 degrees Celsius

Question 46

What processes are involved in weathering and erosion?

Answer 46

Breakdown and transport of materials due to environmental exposure

Question 47

What does compaction and cementation of sediment form?

Answer 47

Sedimentary rock

Question 48

What is the role of James Hutton in geology?

Answer 48

Founder of modern geology and attributed with the concept of the rock cycle

Question 49

What can happen to an igneous rock?

Answer 49

It can be melted and cooled

Question 50

What does deposition and compaction eventually turn sediment into?

Answer 50

Sedimentary Rock

Question 51

Describe 3 things that can happen to sedimentary rocks.

Answer 51

* Compacted * Cemented * Eroded

Question 52

Describe 2 things that can happen to metamorphic rocks.

Answer 52

* Melted * Weathered/Eroded

Question 53

What is one thing that can happen to magma/lava?

Answer 53

It can be cooled