Rock Types and Rock Cycle

Question 1

What are the three main rock types?

Answer 1

igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic

Question 2

Which kind of rock is formed by magma?

Answer 2

igneous

Question 3

When magma is trapped underground and cools into rock, what kind of igneous rock is created?

Answer 3

intrusive igneous rock

Question 4

When magma cools above ground when volcanoes erupt, what kind of igneous rock is created?

Answer 4

extrusive igneous rock

Question 5

Name one type of igneous rock

Answer 5

Any of:
Granite
Basalt
Pumice
Obsidian

Question 6

Which kind of rock is created through erosion of the earth and gradual buildup of layers?

Answer 6

sedimentary rock

Question 7

Name one type of sedimentary rock

Answer 7

Any of:
Sandstone
Limestone
Conglomerate
Gypsum
Shale

Question 8

Which kind of rock was once either sedimentary or igneous, but has been changed by heat and pressure?

Answer 8

metamorphic rock

Question 9

True or false: bands of crystals can be seen in metamorphic rock

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Name one type of metamorphic rock

Answer 10

Any of:
Schist
Gneiss
Travertine

Question 11

True or false: Deposition of sediments occurs most easily in rivers with slow water flow

Answer 11

True

Question 12

True or false: Only igneous rocks can change into metamorphic rock

Answer 12

False: both igneous and sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock

Question 13

When shale (sedimentary) is exposed to pressure, which metamorphic rock does it become?

Answer 13

Slate

Question 14

When granite (igneous) is exposed to pressure, which metamorphic rock does it become?

Answer 14

Gneiss

Question 15

When sandstone is exposed to heat, which metamorphic rock does it become?

Answer 15

Quartzite

Question 16

When limestone (sedimentary) is exposed to pressure, which metamorphic rock does it become?

Answer 16

Marble

Question 17

What are the three types of rock weathering?

Answer 17

Physical, chemical and biological

Question 18

What is an example of physical weathering?

Answer 18

wind, water flow, ice freezing in cracks

Question 19

What is an example of chemical weathering?

Answer 19

when a rock is exposed to chemicals that break it down e.g. acid rain breaking down limestone

Question 20

What is an example of biological weathering?

Answer 20

when rocks are slowly broken down by plants and animals

Question 21

What is weathering?

Answer 21

Weathering is the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces

Question 22

What is erosion?

Answer 22

Broken down pieces of rock (sediments) being moved around by different forces

Question 23

What is surface mining?

Answer 23

Removing soil, rocks and plants and then mining top layers of the Earth

Question 24

What is sub-surface mining?

Answer 24

extracting resources through tunneling

Question 25

What is soil erosion?

Answer 25

The movement of soil through erosion

Question 26

How can you stop soil erosion?

Answer 26

Farming keeps soil in place Bushwalking compacts the soil and makes it harder to erode