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Science: Rocks > Rocks > Flashcards

Rocks Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Rock

A

a natural solid mixture of minerals or grains

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2
Q

Geologists

A

classify rocks
collect and study samples
observe rocks

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3
Q

Texture

A

the size, shape, and pattern of the grains

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4
Q

Grains

A

particles of minerals or other rocks
>the rock’s grains give the rock it’s texture
>some are smooth or rough

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5
Q

Coarse- grained

A

when the grains in a rock are large and easy to see

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6
Q

Fine- grained

A

when the grains are so small you can only see them under a miscrope

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7
Q

Grain shape

A

very widely in shape

some may be small and round, while others may be large and jagged.

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8
Q

Grain- pattern

A

some grains lay in flat layers
some grains form wavy swirling patterns
some have grains randomly throughout

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9
Q

No visible grain

A

some rocks have no grain pattern because they cooled very quickly when formed
some other rocks with no visible grain are maid up of extremely small particles

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10
Q

Mineral composition

A

Geologist can look under a microscope and identify the mineral a rock contains
>Geologist can run other tests to determine the mineral composition of the rock

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11
Q

Three main types of rocks

A
  1. Igneous rocks
  2. Sedimentary rocks
  3. Metamorphic rocks
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12
Q

Igneous rocks

A

forms from the cooling of molten rock
(from magma below the surface)
(from lave on the surface)

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13
Q

Sedimentary rocks

A

forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and other animals are pressed and cemented together

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14
Q

Metamorphic rocks

A

formed when an existing rock changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reaction
(most metamorphic rocks form deep underground)

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15
Q

Characteristics of Igneous rocks

A

> Origin
Texture
Mineral Composition

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16
Q

Origin

A

classified according to where they are found

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17
Q

Extrusive rocks

A

igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface

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18
Q

Volcanic glass

A

rock that forms when lava cools too quickly to form crystals

>obsidian looks like this, but isn’t

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19
Q

Pumice

A

forms when gases escape from the cooling lava and leave holes in the rock

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20
Q

Intrusive rock

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A

igneous rock that formed when magma hardened underneath Earth’s surface

21
Q

Granite

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A

most abundant intrusive, igneous rock; part of the crust that makes up mast of the continents; forms the core of many mountain ranges

22
Q

What is the texture of extrusive rocks?

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A

> crystals are small or impossible to see
formed from rapid cooling lava
can also be fine- grained

23
Q

What is the texture of Intrusive rocks?

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A

> crystals are large and easy to see
formed from slow- cooling magma
can be coarse-grained

24
Q

May be porphyritic

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A

Fast then slow cooling forms a mix of large particles with a background of small particles

25
Sediment
small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things
26
Destructive forces
are constantly breaking up and wearing away all of the rock on Earth
27
Erosion
occurs when running water or wind loosen and carry away fragmented rock
28
Deposition
the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it
29
What happens after sediment has been deposited?
the process of compaction and cementation change the sediment into sedimentary rock
30
What can sediment include?
shells,. leaves. bones, or other remains of living things
31
Compaction
the process that presses sediment together > layers of sediment build up over millions of years > the weight of layer upon layer over time squeezes them tightly together
32
Cementation
the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together
33
Clastic rock
a sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together
34
Slate
common clastic rock that forms when tiny particles of clay are compacted together > forms in thin, flat layers >feels smooth and splits in flat pieces
35
Sandstone
formed from the compaction and cementation of small particles of sand
36
Conglorinmate
a classic rock formed from fragments that have rounded edges
37
Breccia
a clastic rock that is formed from large fragments with sharp edges
38
Chemical rock
forms when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystalline >Chemical rock can also form from mineral deposits left when lakes and seas evaporate
39
Sedimentary rock is used for...
Sandstone and limestone are used for building material > they are easy to cut > Used in making cement > Used for decorating the outside of buildings (the white house is made out of sandstone
40
Biochemical rock
forms when the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers
41
Coal
forms from the remains of swamp plants that have built up layers over millions of years
42
limestone
hard shells of living things such as coral, clams, oysters, and snail shells made from calcite produce some kinds of limestone > when calcite from these shells cement they layer over time forming limestone > clalk is a form of limestone
43
What makes up metamorphic rocks?
Heat and pressure deep beneath Earth's surface can change any rock into metamorphic rock > can form from igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks >Changes in appearance, texture, crystal structure and mineral context will change
44
How do geologists classify metamorphic rocks
by the arrangement of the grains that make up the rock
45
Foliated
metamorphic rocks that have their grains arranged in parrallel layers or bands. May split layers (examples: Slate, Schist, Gneiss)
46
Nonfoliated
the mineral grians are arranged randomely They do not split in layers (examples: Marble, Quartzite
47
Uses of metamorphic rock:
``` Marble and slate are 2 of the most useful metamorphic rocks >Easy to cut into slates >Easily polished >Used for many buildings and statues > Taj Mahal is built from white marble ```
48
What forms Slate?
Shale >foliated and splits easily into flat pieces used for roofing, flooring, walkways, and chalkboards
49
The Rock Cycle
Forces inside Earth at the surface produce a rock that builds, destroys, and changes the rock in the crust

Science: Rocks (1 decks)

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