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Science > Rocks And The Rock Cycle > Flashcards

Rocks And The Rock Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: a grain of sand can be considered a tiny rock?

A

Tre

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2
Q

What do you call a scientist that studies rocks?

A

A geologist

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3
Q

What are the three types of rocks?

A

Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic

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4
Q

What are igneous rocks? And what are the two types?

A

Igneous means fire rock. Most come deep inside the earths core where it’s so hot that rocks are in a liquid form called magma.

Magma that cools very slowly inside the earths crust creates one type of igneous rock

The other type forms after a volcano erupts. When lava cools it creates igneous rock.

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5
Q

What is the most common type of igneous rock?

A

Granite

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6
Q

Name a shiny black volcanic rock with sharp edges (igneous) used for knives and arrowheads.

A

Obsidian

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7
Q

What does sedimentary rock mean?

A

Sitting rock

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8
Q

What is a sedimentary rock?

A

A sedimentary rock is formed from igneous rocks that break down into smaller pieces and fall to the ground or to the bottom of a lake or river. After many years these tiny pieces of rock pile on top of one another and cement together to form sedimentary rock.

They can also be created from the shells of tiny sea creatures that fall to the bottom of the ocean and get smashed together under the weight of the water.

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9
Q

Give examples of sedimentary rock.

A

Sandstone (formed close to the shore. Have sand in them) or limestone or shale (farther from the shore with clay)

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10
Q

What does the word metamorphic mean

A

Changed form

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11
Q

What is a metamorphic rock?

A

They start out as igneous or sedimentary but over time, extreme or pressure causes them to change into a different kind of rock.

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12
Q

Example of a rock metamorphic?

A

Limestone (sedimentary) becoming marble ( Metamorphic )

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13
Q

What is the least common type of rock?

A

Metamorphic

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14
Q

Two ways igneous rocks are formed

A

1-lava when it cools
2-magma when it cools

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15
Q

What is magma?

A

Magma is lava under the earths surface but erupts to be lava.

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16
Q

Name two everyday items made of rock

A

Granite counter tops
Knife blades

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17
Q

What are crystals

A

Solid objects that have naturally occurring geometric forms

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18
Q

What is a Grain

A

Very small particle

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19
Q

What is the Core

A

The Center of the earth

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20
Q

What are Volcanos

A

mountain or hill with a crater in the Center from which lava, gas and rock pieces erupt

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21
Q

What is an Igneous rock

A

A type of rock that forms from
Magma inside the earths crust or lava outside the earths crust

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22
Q

What is a Geologist

A

A scientist who studies the earth including rocks

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23
Q

What is a Sedimentary rock

A

A type of rock that is formed by layers of materials such as shells sand and clay

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24
Q

What is Obsidian

A

Shiny black volcanic rock with sharp edges

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25
Q

Metamorphic rock

A

A type of rock that undergoes changes because if heat and pressure

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26
Q

Mount Rushmore

A

Us national memorial with the faces of the us presidents carved into the rock

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27
Q

What is a rock cycle

A

A continuous process that makes and recycles rocks.

28
Q

Igneous rocks can change into?

A

Sedimentary or metamorphic rock

29
Q

Sedimentary rocks can change into?

A

Igneous or metamorphic rock

30
Q

Metamorphic rock can change into?

A

Sedimentary or igneous rock

31
Q

What is the weathering or erosion process?

A

When an igneous rock is exposed to the surface, time and weather can break it down into smaller pieces.

32
Q

What is sediment?

A

different pieces of weathered and eroded rock

33
Q

Describe the rock cycle of the igneous rock.

A

Igneous formed when magma or lava cools and hardens. When an igneous
exposed to the surface, time and weather can break it down into pieces. This process is known as weathering and erosion. Wind and water carry these small particles away to a different area. Over time, different pieces of weathered and eroded rock, known as sediment, settle and form layers. These layers of sediment become compressed and hardened over time to form sedimentary
rocks.

34
Q

What is weathering?

A

The process where rock is dissolved, worn away or broken down into small pieces.

35
Q

What is erosion?

A

Erosion is the process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity move pieces of rock and soil and when it rains they are washed away into streams If it does not rain, the wind can blow them away. Gravity makes rocks and soil move downhill v

36
Q

What are sediments?

A

Crushed rocks and rubble

37
Q

What is deposition?

A

The dropping of sediment by wind Water, ice or gravity. Deposition happens when water slows down or stops moving, the wind dies down or stops blowing. Or when glaciers melt.

38
Q

Weathering (w) erosion (e) or deposition (d)

Fast running water causes rocks to hit one another breaking them into smaller pieces

A

W

39
Q

Weathering (w) erosion (e) or deposition (d)

The soil from a hillside is washed away by rain

A

E

40
Q

Weathering (w) erosion (e) or deposition (d)

Waves dropping sand on the beach

A

D

41
Q

Weathering (w) erosion (e) or deposition (d)

A mudslide flowing down a steep hill

A

E

42
Q

Weathering (w) erosion (e) or deposition (d)

Plant roots grown on a rock and cause it to split

A

W

43
Q

Weathering (w) erosion (e) or deposition (d)

Sand dropped when the wind stops blowing forming sand dunes

A

D

44
Q

Weathering (w) erosion (e) or deposition (d)

Rainwater enters the cracks of a rock freeze and causes the rock to fall apart

A

W

45
Q

Weathering (w) erosion (e) or deposition (d)

Wind blowing sand from one location to another.

A

E

46
Q

Weathering (w) erosion (e) or deposition (d)

When glaciers melt they drop the rocks they were carrying

A

D

47
Q

Weathering (w) erosion (e) or deposition (d)

Layers of sediment forming at the bottom of the ocean

A

Deposition

48
Q

Weathering (w) erosion (e) or deposition (d)

Layers of sediment forming at the bottom of an ocean

A

D

49
Q

Weathering (w) erosion (e) or deposition (d)

A fast moving river Carrie’s rocks down stream

A

E

50
Q

Weathering (w) erosion (e) or deposition (d)

Flood water pounds against a wall and wears it down

A

W

51
Q

Which Rock floats on water

A

Pumice

52
Q

What is the Softest mineral

A

Talc

53
Q

What is inside a geode

A

Sparkling crystals

54
Q

Three examples of sedimentary rock

A

Coal sandstone and shale

55
Q

How many types of minerals are there

A

Over 3000

56
Q

Hardest substance on earth

A

Diamond

57
Q

Where was the largest golden nugget found

A

Australia 1869 it was 156 pounds

58
Q

Three types of igneous rocks

A

Quartz granite and basalt

59
Q

Soft white form of limestone that you use on the sidewalk

A

Chalk

60
Q

What happens when two or more minerals combine together

A

A rock is formed

61
Q

My Rushmore is carved out of what rock?

A

Granite

62
Q

Melted rock inside the earth

A

Magma

63
Q

Melted rock outside the earth

A

Lava

64
Q

Rocks from space

A

Meteors and asteroids

65
Q

What properties of minerals are tested to determine what kind they are

A

Hardness, luster, streak and colour

66
Q

What is a crystal

A

A mineral repeating geometric partern

67
Q

Three examples of metamorphic rock

A

Slate, marble and schists

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