Rocky Shore Flashcards
(31 cards)
0
Q
The fate of the incoming sunlight over the sea
A
Most reflected or absorbed by atmosphere
Most hitting sea is used to heat water and promote evaporation
Only about 2% used by algae for photosynthesis
1
Q
Important abiotic factors on the rocky shore
A
- Sunlight
- Wave action
- Rock type
- Tides
- Salinity
- Temperature
- pH
2
Q
Advantages of wave action
A
Mixing of:
- Oxygen
- Food
- Nutrients
3
Q
Disadvantages of wave action
A
- Abrasion
- Isolation and dehydration of organisms
4
Q
Adaptations to deal with wave action
A
Behavioral:
- sheltering in crevices
- living high up or low down shore
Structural:
- flattened or streamlined shape e.g. seaweeds, mussels
- cementing/byssus threads to attach to rocks e.g. barnacles and mussels
- ability to roll in waves e.g. periwinkles
5
Q
Some extreme factors in a rock pool
A
Rapid changes in:
- Temperature
- Salinity
- pH
6
Q
Frequency of tides
A
- Roughly twice a day the tides rise and fall
- Every 14 days there are spring tides
7
Q
Spring tides
A
- When the sun and moon align to pull together on the water
- every 14 days, full and new moons
- highest and lowest tide levels at these times
8
Q
Cause of tides
A
- Gravitational pull on large water bodies by sun and moon
- Water bulges on both sides of the earth in the direction that the gravitational pull occurs
9
Q
Adaptations to prevent drying out
A
Behavioural:
- sheltering in pools
- hiding in moist crevices or under seaweed
Body design:
- Small surface area to volume
- coverings to trap water e.g. operculum in winkles
Secretions:
- mucous to keep organism moist
10
Q
Producers on the rocky shore
A
Red, green and brown algae
11
Q
A
- Sea lettuce
- (Ulva sp.)
- Green algae - a producer
- Common in Balanoid Zone
12
Q
A
- Limpets
- (Pattella sp.)
- grazers of algae
- Larger limpets an indicator species of Cochlear Zone
13
Q
A
- Sea urchins
- grazers of algae
- Common in rock pools and in sublittoral zones
14
Q
A
- Winkles or periwinkles
- Grazers of algae
- Larger ones found lower down shore, small ones called Littorina indicator species in the Littorina Zone
15
Q
A
- Mussels
- Filter feeders
- Found in Lower Balanoid zone and
16
Q
A
- Sea Anenome
- Predator - catches small prey with tentacles and stings
- Common in rockpools and sheltered rocks and crevices in Cochlear Zone
17
Q
A
- Hermit Crab
- Scavenger
- Found in rock pools, uses discarded shells for shelter
18
Q
A
- Shore Crab
- Scavenger/occasional predator
- Found in rockpools
19
Q
A
- Phytoplankton
- Tiny, microscopic producers
- Found floating in top surface layers of the sea
20
Q
A
- Zooplankton
- Tiny, microscopic animals
- Found floating in top surface layers of the sea
21
Q
A
- Barnacles
- Filter feeders
- Indicator species of Balanoid Zone
22
Q
A
- Klipfish
- Omnivor consumer
- Rockpools and Sublittoral Zone
23
Q
A
- Black backed seagull
- Top predator / scavenger
24
Tolerance
Ability to survive specific conditions according to specific adaptations
25
Zones on the rocky shore
* Supralittoral Zone - splashed only occasionally
* Littorina Zone - covered only spring high
* Upper Balanoid Zone - covered neap high
* Lower Balanoid Zone - exposed neap low
* Cochlear Zone - exposed only spring low
* Sublittoral Zone - never exposed
26
Indicator organisms of Littorina Zone
* small black winkles (*_Littorina sp._*)
* Purple Laver (*_Porphyra sp._*)
27
Indicator organisms of the Balanoid Zones
Barnacles (*_Tetraclita sp._*)
28
Indicator organisms of the Cochlear Zone
Cone and pear limpets (*_Patella sp_.*)
29
Indicator organisms of Sublittoral Zone
Kelp (*_Ecklonia sp._*)
Red Bait (*_Pyura sp._*)
30
Purple Laver
