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Certamen > Roessler Unit 1 Ch 6 > Flashcards

Roessler Unit 1 Ch 6 Flashcards

1
Q

By what year had Rome destroyed Carthage and Corinth, making the Mediterranean “Mare Nostrum?”

A

146 BC

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2
Q

Because they were always away for war, what type of Roman was essentially screwed over for money when Rome was in relative peace after 146 BC?

These people couldn’t get jobs because of the increased influx of slaves

A

Soldiers

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3
Q

Who:

Were known as Cornelia’s “Jewels?”

A

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

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4
Q

Who was the daughter of Scipio Africanus?

A

Cornelia

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5
Q

Name the tribunes of 133 BC

A

Tiberius Gracchus and Marcus Octavius

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6
Q

What tribune in 133 BC advocated for land reform, and actually kicked his fellow tribune out of the room so that he couldn’t veto his plebiscites?

A

Tiberius Gracchus

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7
Q

Who led a mob that killed Tiberius Gracchus and 300 of his followers?

A

Scipio Nasica

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8
Q

What was the familial relationship between Scipio Nasica and Tiberius Gracchus?

A

Scipio Nasica was Tiberius Gracchus’ cousin

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9
Q

How many terms of the tribunal office did Gaius Gracchus hold?

A

2

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10
Q

When was Gaius Gracchus tribune?

A

123 and 122 BC

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11
Q

What tribune advocated for land reform and grain distribution?

A

Gaius Gracchus

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12
Q

When Gaius Gracchus tries running for a 3rd term of tribune (which was really illegal), a mob killed 3000 of his followers. Who did Gaius ask to help him commit suicide after this, before the mob could get to him?

A

His slave

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13
Q

In what year does:

Rome get more land from Pergamum and Numantia, Tiberius Gracchus get killed?

A

133 BC

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14
Q

Who becomes famous when he takes credit for defeating Jugurtha?

A

Marius

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15
Q

Give the full name of Marius

A

Gaius Marius

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16
Q

What class was Marius?

A

Plebeian

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17
Q

Marius was the first in his family to gain the office of tribune. What title did that bestow upon him?

A

Novus homo

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18
Q

Marius was a client of what rich family?

A

Metelli

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19
Q

Marius married the aunt of what famous Roman dictator?

A

Julius Caesar

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20
Q

Julius Caesar was the nephew of…

A

Marius

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21
Q

Who was an enemy of Rome situated in Northern Africa, of which was defeated by Marius and Sulla?

A

Jugurtha

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22
Q

Who was originally assigned to defeat Jugurtha in Numidia?

Give the full name

A

Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio

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23
Q

Who becomes consul in 107 BC, taking the command from Metellus in the war against Jugurtha?

A

Marius

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24
Q

Who helped Marius by serving under him as a quaestor and helping to defeat Jugurtha?

A

Sulla

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25
Q

Give the full name of Sulla

A

Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix

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26
Q

Who takes full credit for the capture of Jugurtha upon returning to Rome?

A

Marius

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27
Q

Who reforms the military and is consul 7 times?

A

Marius

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28
Q

Marius defeated these two Germanic tribes right after his first consulship runs out.

A

Cimbri and Teutones

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29
Q

Who was responsible for the following during his consulships:

  1. Getting rid of the land requirement for soldiers
  2. Reforming the training of soldiers by making them pack for themselves (Called —’s Mules)
  3. Improving weapons and organizations by making the pio throwing javelin bend when hitting the enemy, so that it couldn’t be used against the Romans
  4. Defeating the Cimbri and Teutones tribes
A

Marius

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30
Q

Who was a 3-time tribune that joined forces with Marius and Glaucia to create a powerful alliance that “ruled Rome.”

A

Saturninus

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31
Q

When Saturninus and Glaucia kill this person, public outcry causes Marius to distance himself from the two, and eventually the death of Saturninus himself.

A

Gaius Memmius

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32
Q

When is Saturninus’ Revolt?

A

100 BC

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33
Q

Saturninus is ordered to be killed by this ultimate decree of the Senate.

A

“Senatus consultum ultimum”

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34
Q

Where does Saturninus hide when running from the mob trying to kill him?

A

The Curia in the Forum

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35
Q

How does Saturninus get killed?

A

The mob throws roof-tiles into the Curia and kill him

36
Q

Who led the Optimates?

A

Sulla

37
Q

Who was quaestor under Marius during the Jugurthine War?

A

Sulla

38
Q

Who was a legate under Marius during the wars against the Cimbri and Teutones tribes?

A

Sulla

39
Q

During the Social War, who was a legate to Marius while fighting against Rome’s Italian allies?

A

Sulla

40
Q

Who did the Senate like more: Sulla or Marius?

A

Sulla

41
Q

Who was consul in 89 BC?

A

Sulla

42
Q

What Battle occured in 88 BC?

A

Asiatic Vespers

43
Q

Who was the king of Pontus that was responsible for the slaughter at the Asiatic Vespers?

A

Mithridates IV

44
Q

When was the slaughter of Asiatic Vespers?

A

88 BC

45
Q

Marius and Sulla fight over command against what enemy of Rome?

A

Mithridates IV

46
Q

When Marius has the Senate overturn the decision for Sulla to have the command for Mithridates, what does Sulla do?

A

Turns his army and marches on Rome

47
Q

When does Sulla march on Rome for a second time?

By this year Marius himself was dead, but his followers still remained

A

83 BC

48
Q

Who started the proscriptions when ruling Rome?

A

Sulla

49
Q

Who became the richest man in Rome as a direct result of Sulla’s proscriptions?

A

Crassus

50
Q

Give the full name of Crassus

A

Marcus Licinius Crassus

51
Q

When did Sulla step down from dictatorship, after marching on Rome a second time to get rid of the Marius factions?

A

81 BC

52
Q

Whose military fame was eclipsed by Pompey, especially as a result of Spartacus’ revolt?

A

Pompey

53
Q

Give the full name of Pompey

A

Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus

54
Q

Who took full credit for getting rid of the revolt of Spartacus, although he kinda just swept in at the last minute to finish the job (Crassus did most of the work)?

A

Pompey

55
Q

Who gives Pompey the cognomen “Magnus?” - giving him the name “Pompey the Great”

A

Sulla

56
Q

What did the cognomen “Magnus” mean?

A

Great

57
Q

In imitation of what Greek hero was Pompey’s cognomen?

A

Alexander the Great

58
Q

Who defeated supporters of Marius in Sicily, Africa, and Spain, earning him the full support of Sulla?

A

Pompey

59
Q

When was the Lex Gabinia passed?

A

67 BC

60
Q

What Law was passed in 67 BC?

A

Lex Gabinia

61
Q

What was the purpose of the Lex Gabinia?

A

To give Pompey a blank check to clear the Mediterranean of pirates

62
Q

How long does it take Pompey to clear the Mediterranean once Lex Gabinia was passed?

A

3 months

63
Q

What Law was passed in 66 BC?

A

Lex Manilia

64
Q

When was the Lex Manilia passed?

A

66 BC

65
Q

What was the purpose of the Lex Manilia?

A

To give Pompey full command of the army against Mithridates

66
Q

Who, ultimately, defeats Mithridates IV?

A

Pompey the Great

67
Q

Who was born in 100 BC to a patrician family?

A

Julius Caesar

68
Q

Give the full name of Julius Caesar

A

Gaius Julius Caesar

69
Q

Caesar was the nephew of who?

A

Marius

70
Q

Caesar moves up the cursus honorum largely through corruption and bribes. Who does he go to in order to get this money, allying the two?

A

Crassus

71
Q

Who becomes Pontifex Maximus in 63 BC?

A

Julius Caesar

72
Q

When does Julius Caesar become Pontifex Maximus?

A

63 BC

73
Q

When does Caesar become consul?

A

59 BC

74
Q

Who becomes consul in 59 BC?

A

Julius Caesar

75
Q

After becoming consul for the first time, where does Caesar get his 10 year proconsulship?

A

Gaul

76
Q

Why did Caesar never want to be a private citizen, instead always holding some form of office?

A

Because he couldn’t be tried for corruption/bribery if he was in any office

77
Q

When does Caesar cross the Rubicon?

A

January 10th, 49 BC

78
Q

When Caesar gets to Rome, who orders him to disband his army?

A

Pompey

79
Q

When Caesar crossed the Rubicon, what did he famously say?

A

“Alea iacta est” - “The die has been cast”

80
Q

After Caesar returns to Rome in 49 BC by literally marching his army into Rome (remember, he crossed the Rubicon), a civil war between what two people started?

A

Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great

81
Q

Who wins the civil war of Caesar vs. Pompey?

A

Caesar

82
Q

After the civil war, Julius Caesar becomes dictator for life! However, he is assassinated shortly after. When?

A

March 15th, 44 BC / Ides of March, 44 BC

83
Q

What does Caesar say in Latin when being stabbed to death?

A

“Et tu, Brute?”

84
Q

What does Caesar say in Greek when being stabbed to death?

A

“Cae su, Teknon?”

85
Q

When does the Republic “end” according to Certamen?

A

27 BC, when Octavian is called “Augustus” by the Senate

Certamen (12 decks)

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