Rogers: Humanistic

Question 1

Which force is humanistic theory? Essentially, what order in history did it occur?

Answer 1

-third

Question 2

Who are the two main theorists in the humanistic perspective? (2)

Answer 2

-Roger’s
-Maslow

Question 3

What two people influenced young Roger’s?

Answer 3

-Otto Rank and Taft

Question 4

What movement influenced young Roger’s?

Answer 4

-progressive education

Question 5

What inspired Roger’s to come up with the “newer therapy”?

Answer 5

-he wanted a therapy that was pragmatic that worked

Question 6

What are the aspects of the “newer therapy”? (4)

Answer 6

-relies on the individuals ability and drive to grow
-more emphasis on feelings
-more emphasis on present than past
-the therapeutic relationship itself is incredibly useful, it is a growth relationship

Question 7

What is the actualizing tendency?

Answer 7

-drive within every individual to grow and develop their fullest potential, move from simple to complex

Question 8

What is the organismic self?

Answer 8

-the brain and body

Question 9

What is the organismic valuing process?

Answer 9

-frame of reference that allows an individual to know if their experience is in accordance with their actualizing tendency, essentially will this experience help me grow or not

Question 10

How do we know if something is in accordance with our actualizing tendency?

Answer 10

-if it helps you maintain or enhance what you have

Question 11

The actualizing tendency accounts for human motives, which motives does this include? (2)

Answer 11

-maintenance needs
-enhancement needs

Question 12

What are maintenance needs?

Answer 12

-the need to survive and keep the status quo

Question 13

What are the enhancement needs?

Answer 13

-need for growth and development

Question 14

What is self-actualization?

Answer 14

-realizing their full potential and fulfillment

Question 15

What is a subset of the actualizing tendency?

Answer 15

-self actualization

Question 16

What is the self? What are the two component subsystems under the self? (2)

Answer 16

-only humans have this, it’s the parts of experiences associated with I, me and mine
-self concept and ideal self

Question 17

What is the self concept?

Answer 17

-the self we perceive ourselves being, it’s our subjective interpretation of who we are

Question 18

What is the ideal self?

Answer 18

-as it name sounds, it is the self we want to be

Question 19

What are the 2 components that make up the self?

Answer 19

-self-concept and ideal self

Question 20

What is experience? What about awareness? (2)

Answer 20

-everything that is going on in a humans environment at a given moment in time
-we can become aware of all of it, but we are not aware of everything

Question 21

When does or how does experience enter awareness?

Answer 21

-when it is symbolized (words, sounds, images)

Question 22

What is the phenomenological field?

Answer 22

-it’s inside of us, and is composed of all inner experiences in the moment, including what you are and are not conscious of

Question 23

What is synonymous with the subjective reality that directs our behaviour?

Answer 23

-phenomenological field

Question 24

What is the medium of the self-concept?

Answer 24

-awareness

Question 25

What are the three levels of awareness? (3)

Answer 25

-ignored or denied -distorted -accurately perceived

Question 26

How is the self-concept made? (2)

Answer 26

-contact with another -positive regard

Question 27

What is positive regard?

Answer 27

-being cared for and accepted by others

Question 28

What produces positive self regard?

Answer 28

-when you experience positive regard

Question 29

What did Roger’s say psychological health was? (2)

Answer 29

-when we have a positive self regard that is autonomous, we don’t have to lean on others to feel good for ourselves -congruence between different selfs

Question 30

What do you mean by congruence between different selfs? (2)

Answer 30

-between your own opinion of your self (self-concept) and your real self or what others think you are (organismic self) -between self-concept and ideal self

Question 31

What does congruence, autonomous positive self regard and overall psychological health require?

Answer 31

-unconditional positive regard

Question 32

What is unconditional positive regard?

Answer 32

-not conditional on behaviours

Question 33

What happens if you don’t get this unconditional positive regard?

Answer 33

-psychological maladjustment

Question 34

What are the five psychological maladjustments? (5)

Answer 34

-conditions of worth -incongruence -anxiety and threat -defensiveness -disorganization

Question 35

What are conditions of worth?

Answer 35

-we have to do certain things to get love, external evaluations

Question 36

What is incongruence?

Answer 36

-there is a gap between real self and self-concept

Question 37

What does incongruence cause?

Answer 37

-anxiety and threat

Question 38

What is defensiveness?

Answer 38

-distorting or even denying reality to pretend to be more like my ideal self

Question 39

When we look at psychological maladjustment, are all of these equal or does it go down the list and get worse?

Answer 39

-people start at the top things and go down, not everyone hits every step

Question 40

What is disorganization?

Answer 40

-they deny their denial, they have breakdowns

Question 41

Can you ever have a perfect overlap between the self-concept and real self (organismic self)?

Answer 41

-no

Question 42

What is the structure of Roger’s theory?

Answer 42

-self

Question 43

What is the developmental aspect of Roger’s theory?

Answer 43

-self actualization supported by unconditional positive regard

Question 44

What is the disordered aspect of Roger’s theory?

Answer 44

-incongruence from conditions or worth

Question 45

What seeds from the open Christian discussion group did Roger’s develop that helped him develop his future therapy? (2)

Answer 45

-freedom of choice -no external authority or direction

Question 46

Where does Roger’s say we find our sense of direction, our authority and our choices?

Answer 46

-within themself

Question 47

What is humanism truly?

Answer 47

-that we ourselves are the ultimate authority

Question 48

What has Roger’s been critiqued for? (2)

Answer 48

-that his theories promote selfishness and egotism -that his theories don’t work under religion

Question 49

What is Roger’s theory and therapy both called?

Answer 49

-person centered theory and client centered therapy

Question 50

What are the three aspects of client-centered theory that guide our understanding of it? (3)

Answer 50

-conditions -process -outcomes

Question 51

What did Roger’s changed the word patient for in therapy?

Answer 51

-client

Question 52

What are the most important **conditions** in a therapeutic relationship according to Roger? (3)

Answer 52

-congruence -unconditional positive regard -empathy

Question 53

What is congruence?

Answer 53

-being genuine and authentic

Question 54

Describe the process stages (7).

Answer 54

1. **Rigidity of self-perception**: no recognition of the problems, they don’t exist 2. **Dim recognition of problem**: recognizes problem in others but not self 3. **Self treated as object**: talks about future or past feelings, but not present 4. **Partial recognition of feelings**: beginning awareness of present feelings 5. **Improved recognition of feelings**: expresses present feelings without fully understanding them 6. **Acceptance of feelings**: freer awareness of experience 7. **New feelings experienced freely**: full awareness of experience and unified self (called persons of tomorrow)

Question 55

What are the outcomes of client centered therapy when the six conditions are met? (3)

Answer 55

-more congruent between self concept and organismic self as well as ideal self and self concept (genuine) -less defensive -more open to experience

Question 56

What is Roger’s view of science?

Answer 56

-that much of our experiments are subjective, and that we try to make the empirical method objective

Question 57

What is the q-sort?

Answer 57

-deck of 100 cards with qualities on them and asks people to sort every card based on most like you and least like you

Question 58

Describe the assumptions about human nature for Roger’s theory (7)

Answer 58

-free choice -optimistic -future focused because of actualizing tendency -conscious -biological with actualizing tendency and social with self regard -varied because we are all moving towards self actualization -uniqueness

Question 59

Evaluate Roger’s person centered theory (6)

Answer 59

-generates research: moderate -allow falsifiability: high -organize knowledge: high -guide practical action: very high -internal consistency: very high -maintain parsimony: high