Role and Influence of Individuals Flashcards
(14 cards)
State the role and influence of Gandhi
-Emerged as the most promient individual leader in this period, becuase he advocated new methods of campaigning
-trained as a lawyer in England
-returned to India in 1915 and bacame a key nationalist leader
- He famously combined his spirtual and political beleif
-Leader of INC in 1920
State some famous Gandhi protests
1920-1922 Non- cooperation
(peaceful non-coperation and boycott of British products)
1942 Quit India Campaign
=Gandhi was imprisoned
Suppporters regarded him as a living saint and then as a martyr for peace after his assissination by a Hindu extremist in Jan 1948
Why was Gandhi so signficant to Nationalist leaders?
His combination of western political democratic concepts with his own national cultural identity would inspire other colonial subjects to seek indepednece for their own nations
State the role of colonial adminstrators in this period
-still dedicated to maintaing stability and order and developing economic value of colonies
However 1925 Conservative government divided Colonial office and colonial office each suppose to ahve their own secretary of state =shows how important empire was still for Britian
Regarding colonial administrators and policy what significant thing happened in 1930?
Colonial civil service unified across Empire to ensure clear polcies and improve professionalism
-recruits no longer posted to just one post
- less local specialism but overall quality of civil service improved
-Recruitment officers instructed to find adminsitrators who were “single-minded, purposeful, honest and responsible” though not in reality (though not as bad as 19 th century)
What did Colonial secretary Leo Amery propose in 1927?
Argued for a “trusteeship” for underdeveloped areas of the empire e.g Africa
(trusteeship= administrators were to protect indigenous interests, encourage economic growth and “nuture” colony towards self rule)
What did the Hilton Young Royal Commission suggst in 1929?
Ruled out self rule and federation for East Africa and Central African territories and instead adovacted “trusteeship”
What did Colonial Secretary Lord Passfield state in 1931?
Prmoted the concept of “dual mandate” (dual mandate= responsibility to both advacne colonial peoples towards self government and to develop natural resoruces of each colony)
By 1945 how many of the civil serivce in India were Indian?
There were more Indians than White British in the Indian Civil service
Who was Edwin Montague?
Secretary of State for India (1917-1922)
Together with the viceroy of India (Lord Chelmsford) he was responsible for reforms which led to the government of India Act 1919 (which gave Indians a limited degree of political representation and control to some internal affairs)
Who was Sir Charles Arden Clarke?
In charge of Gold coast during its push to independence in 1957
Who was Sir Andrew Cohen?
-Rather succesful colonial administor
-Understand decolonisation would have to occur and was deeeply concered for the welfare of Africans in the colonies and strongly beleived in listneing to the nationalists
-1952 appointed Governor of Uganda and ultimately helped lay the groundwork for Uganda’s indepdence in 1962
Who was Lord Linlithgow?
Viceory of India (1935 - 1943)
Responsible for the government of India Act 1935
He beielved further reform was necessary to weaken the more radical elements of the nationalists and give rise to a more responsible Indian politicans
-Brought a promise of greater rights in the goverance of Indian people, though rejected by Indians
“The attitude and behaviour of colonial adminstrators in the years 1919 to 1947 differed greatly from those seen in the years 1890 to 1914.” Assess the validty of this view.
