Role of Education Flashcards

Question

how does education legitimise class inequality? ## Footnote MRoE

Answer 1

- by distinguishing the true cause of education - to produce obedient workers who accept their subordinate position

Answer 2

so that there is a new generation of workers

Answer 3

transmitting RC ideology which teaches that both society and education are meritocratic and those who fail do so because they deserve to

Answer 4

through the correspondence between school and work

Answer 5

- rewards - hierarchy - subject divisions

Answer 6

inequality and exploitation

Answer 7

Those who control it - RC - owners of means of production

Answer 8

both exploitative and alienating

Answer 9

- hardworking, docile, obidient and highly motivated workforce. - which is too fragmented and divided to challenege the authority of the RC

Answer 10

Through the hidden curriculum

Answer 11

the things that pupils learn through the experience of attending school, rather than the educational objectives

Answer 12

- produces a workforce of uncritical, passive and docile workers - encourages acceptance of hierarchy - teaches pupils to be motivated by external rewards (grades)

Answer 13

praise compliance, punish rebellion - failure to follow rules sanctions vs reward

Answer 14

- students know the school hierarchy - often miss behave / challenge substitute or assistant teachers

Answer 15

work hard and independent work (revision) = good grades

Answer 16

myth making machine

Answer 17

- Educational attainment is based on merit - Occupational reward is based on merit - Education is the route to success in the world on work

Answer 18

to prevent a revolution

Answer 19

As legitemate

Answer 20

poor people are poor because they didnt work hard enough (rather than just blame capitalism)

Answer 21

by teaching young workers attitudes and values rather than genuine job skills

Answer 22

Bowles and Gintis

Answer 23

'poor-are-dumb' theory

Answer 24

- much of the FORMAL curriculum doesnt ideally suit an un-questioning capitalist workforce - popularity of sociology as a subject in GB produces thinkers

Answer 25

Paul Willis

Answer 26

Learning to Labour

Answer 27

combined Marxist approach with interactionalism (social action)

Answer 28

- he visted one school and observed and interviewed 12 WC rebellious boys - unstructured interviews - qualitative RM

Answer 29

their attitude to school during their last 18 months and during their first few months at work

Answer 30

* pupils rebelling are evidence that not all pupils are brainwashed into being passive and subordinate as a result of the hidden curriculum * so reject norms and values which benefit RC

Answer 31

A counter school subculture

Answer 32

It still produced workers who are easily exploited by their future employer

Answer 33

- They didnt recognise the value and look forward to post school opportunities/jobs - Specifically jobs that dont require hard work from school

Answer 34

in part, they understand their own alienation and exploitation. yet in the end their own choices trap them in some of the most exploitative jobs capitalism has to offer.

Answer 35

1. The lads felt superior to the teachers and other pupils

Answer 36

They attached no value to academic work - 'more to having a laff'

Answer 37

The objective of school was to miss as many lessons as possible - the reward for this was status within the group

Answer 38

The time they were at school was spend trying to win control over their time and make it their own

Answer 39

Post Modernists

Answer 40

by arguing that education now produces diversity not inequality

Answer 41

About how reproduction and legitimation take place. B&G view is deterministic

Answer 42

by agruing that his account of the lads romanticises them - portrays them as WC heros despite their bad behaviour and sexist attitudes

Answer 43

- multiple changing society - no such thing as absolute truth - everything can change - choice - multiple changing identity

Answer 44

Being customised for the individual

Answer 45

Morrow and Torres (1998)

Answer 46

For taking a 'class first' approach that sees class as the key inequality and ignores all other kinds

Answer 47

Madeleine MacDonald (1980)

Answer 48

she claims Bowles and Gintis for ignore that schools reproduce the patriarchy - not just capitalism

Answer 49

Notices females are largely absent from his study

Answer 50

* how education reproduces and legitimates other inequalities * eg. Paul Connolly (1998)

Answer 51

explores how education reproduces both ethnic and gender inequalities

Answer 52

That society is a system of independent parts held together by a shared culture - or value consensus

Answer 53

- Organic Analogy - Macro / Structural - Consensus

Answer 54

The transmission of society's norms and value (teaching social solidarity and specialist skills)

Answer 55

- No - because each individual would pursue their own selfish desires

Answer 56

a commitment to society, a sense of belonging and a feeling that the social unit is more important than the indivual

Answer 57

Emile Durkheim

Answer 58

by transmitting society's culture from one generation to the next

Answer 59

instils in children a sense of a shared heritage and a commitment toa wider social group

Answer 60

The individual and society

Answer 61

- society in miniature - microcosm of society

Answer 62

- team and group work - rewards and sanctions - history and PSHE - authority

Answer 63

by teaching specialist knowledge and skills

Answer 64

play their part in the social division of labour

Answer 65

As modern industrial economies have a complext division of labour - the production of even a single item usually involves the cooperation ofo many different specialist

Answer 66

the 'focal socialising agency'

Answer 67

- Acting as a bridge between the family and wider society

Answer 68

Because the family and wider society operate on different principles - children need to learn a new way to live if they are to cope with the wider world

Answer 69

It esablishes universalistic standards School and society are both based on meritocratic principles

Answer 70

- Within Family: Child is judged by a particularistic standard - Within Wider Society: We are treated and judges by unviersalistic standards

Answer 71

the rules only apply to that particular child

Answer 72

the same laws apply for all

Answer 73

- Within Family: Childs status is ascribed - Within Wider Society: Status is achieved based on meritocratic principles

Answer 74

A society or social system in which people get status or rewards because of what they achieve, rather than because of their wealth or social status

Answer 75

The selection of individuals for their future role in society

Answer 76

it 'functions to allocate these human resoirces within the role-structure of adult society'.

Answer 77

By testing and evaluating students, matching their talents, skills and capacities to the job for which they are best suited

Answer 78

Davis and Moore

Answer 79

Selection and Role Allocation

Answer 80

The relationship between education and social inequality

Answer 81

To ensure that the most important roles in society are filled by the most talented people

Answer 82

- Not everyone is equally talented - so society has to offer higher rewards for these jobs - encourages everyone to compete - and society can select the most talented individuals to fill these positions

Answer 83

- it acts as a providing ground for ability - it 'sifts and sorts' individuals accordin gto ability - most able gain highest qualifications - gives them entry to the most important and rewarded postitions

Answer 84

Blau and Duncan

Answer 85

They argue that a modern economy depends for its prosperity on using its 'human capital'

Answer 86

workers skills

Answer 87

- It enables each person to be allocated to the job best suited to their abilities - This will makw most effective use of their talents and maximise their productivity

Answer 88

The Wolf review of vocational ecuation (2011)

Answer 89

- 7% - 71%

Answer 90

65% of senior judges, 52% of top civil servants, and 39% of FTSE 350 CEOs were privately educated.

Answer 91

In 2022, 28% of Oxbridge students came from private schools, despite only 7% of UK students attending private institutions.

Answer 92

* Figures suggest that access to high-status roles is influenced more by socio-economic background than pure ability * contradicts Davis and Moore’s argument that education fairly allocates roles based on talent.

Answer 93

* - It claims that high quality apprenticeships are rare * - and up to 1/3 of 16-19 year olds are on courses that do not lead to high education or good jobs

Answer 94

Melvin Tumin (1953)

Answer 95

* Davis and Moore assume that high rewards are justified by functional importance, without independently proving why those roles are inherently more important. * Tumin suggests that stratification may actually prevent society from fully utilising talent, since many capable individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds are denied opportunities due to economic barriers.

Answer 96

1. High-status roles are functionally important because they offer the highest rewards (e.g., high salaries, prestige). 2. The highest rewards go to the most talented individuals because the education system fairly allocates them based on merit. 3. Those in high-status roles must be the most talented, since they have achieved those positions.

Answer 97

Education in a capitalist society doesnt instill shared norms and values but rather only transmits ideology of the minority (the RC)

Answer 98

Dennis Wrong (1961)

Answer 99

* argues that functionalist have an 'over-socialised view' of people as mere puppets of society * pupils dont passivley accept all they are taught and can reject the schools values

Answer 100

They argue the education system fails to prepare young people adequately for work

Answer 101

an economic doctrine that has major influence on education policy

Answer 102

Von Hayek (1936)

Answer 103

* He reduces everything down to economic competition * Markets must be free and competitive

Answer 104

"To discern who and what is valuable"

Answer 105

The state should not provide resources such as education, health and welfare to the public.

Answer 106

* We should not try to regulate the free markets economy * and we should encourage competition, privatisation and a market economy

Answer 107

In how well it enables the country to compete in the global market place

Answer 108

if schools run more like a business, empowering parentd and pupils as consumers and using competition between schools to drive up standards

Answer 109

More vulnerable groupes would be harmed eg. SEN

Answer 110

League Tables & ‘Cream-Skimming’ Schools are judged on exam results and league table rankings. SEN students often require additional support and may not achieve the highest grades. As a result, some schools may avoid admitting SEN students to maintain high academic performance, a process known as ‘cream-skimming’. * Impact: SEN students may struggle to find schools willing to provide the right support.

Answer 111

Neoliberalism promotes reduced government spending, meaning schools must be more "efficient" with their budgets. SEN support (e.g., teaching assistants, specialist interventions) is expensive. Schools under financial pressure may cut these services to prioritise subjects that boost league table performance. * Impact: SEN students receive less individualised support, making it harder for them to succeed.

Answer 112

push schools to focus on academic performance over holistic development. Many SEN students benefit from alternative curricula, vocational courses, or flexible assessment methods, which may be deprioritised. * Impact: SEN students may struggle in an exam-heavy, rigid system, leading to higher exclusion rates and disengagement.

Answer 113

argue that marketised schools focus on students who can boost exam results. SEN students are often seen as ‘hopeless cases’ (those unlikely to get top grades), meaning they receive less attention and resources.

Answer 114

A Conservative political view that incorporated neoliberal economic ideas

Answer 115

* The belief that the state cannot meet peoples needs * And that people are best left to meet their own needs through the free market

Answer 116

The marketisation of education

Answer 117

Both believe some people are more talented than others

Answer 118

Both favour an education system that runs on meritocratic principles of open competition, and one that serves the needs of the economy by preparing young people for work

Answer 119

Both believe that education should socialise pupils into shared values, such as competition, and instil a sense of national identity

Answer 120

1. Both believe some people are more talented than others 2. Both favour an education system that runs on meritocratic principles of open competition, and one that serves the needs of the economy by preparing young people for work 3. Both believe that education should socialise pupils into shared values, such as competition, and instil a sense of national identity

Answer 121

The New Right do not believe that the current education systrem is achieveing these goals.

Answer 122

It is run by the state

Answer 123

it takes a 'one size fits all' approach, imposing uniformity and disregarding local needs

Answer 124

* The local consumers - pupils, parents, employers - have no say * Therefore state run education is unresponsive and inefficient

Answer 125

- lower standards of achievement for pupils - a less qualifies workforce - a less prosperous economy

Answer 126

Not answerable to their consumers

Answer 127

Marketisation - creating an 'education market'

Answer 128

- they believe competition between schools and empowering consumers will bring greater diversity, choice and efficiency to schols - this will increase schools' ability to meet the needs of pupils, parents and employers

Answer 129

Chubb and Moe

Answer 130

it has not created equal opportunity and failed to meet the needs of disadvantaged groups

Answer 131

It is inefficient because it fails to produce pupils with the skills needed by the economy

Answer 132

Private schools deliver high quality education because, unlike state schools, they are answerablke to paying consumers - the parents

Answer 133

* A comparison of the achievement of 60,000 people from low income families in 1015 state and Private high school * the findings of a parent survey * case studies of failing schools apparently being 'turned around'

Answer 134

That pupils from low income families consistently do about 5% better in private than in state schools

Answer 135

A market system in state education that would put control in the hand of the consumers (parents and local communities)

Answer 136

* It would allow consumers to shape schools to meet their own needs * and would improve quality and efficiency

Answer 137

One in which each family would be given a voucher to spend on buying education from a school of their choice

Answer 138

* Become more responsive to parents wishes since the vouchers would be the school's main source of income like private businesses. * Schools would have to compete to attract 'customers' by improving their 'product.'

Answer 139

They're at work in a private educational sector, but educational standards would greatly improve by introducing the same market forces into the state sector

Answer 140

* The state imposes a framework on schools within which they have to compete * The state ensures that schools transmit a shared culture

Answer 141

* By publishing Ofsted inspection reports and league tables of schools exam results * the state gives parents information with which to make a more informed choice between schools ## Footnote NRRoE

Answer 142

By imposing a single national curriculum It seeks to guarantee that school social as pupils into a single cultural heritage

Answer 143

The national identity ## Footnote NRRoE

Answer 144

* For example. the curriculum should emphasise Britain's positive role in world history * teach British literature * there should be a Christian act of worship in school each day because Christianity is Britain's main religion ## Footnote NRRoE

Answer 145

To integrate pupils into a single set of tradition and cultural values ## Footnote NRRoE

Answer 146

Multicultural education that reflects the cultures of the different minority groups in Britain

Answer 147

Gewitz (1995) and Ball (1994)

Answer 148

* Both argue that competition between schools benefits the middle class * who can use their cultural and economic capital to gain access to more desirable schools

Answer 149

Not state control but.. social inequality and inadequate funding of state schools

Answer 150

* The new right support for parental choice * and the state imposing a compulsory natural curriculum on all its schools

Answer 151

* They argue that education does not impose a shared national culture * but imposes the culture of a dominant minority ruling class * and devalues the culture of the working class and ethnic minorities

Role of Education Flashcards

(181 cards)