Roles and Functions of the Nurse in varied settings in the Delivery of Care of At-Risk / High-Risk / Sick Mother & Child

Question 1

An interprofessional approach to health care, or IP for short, is the coordinated care of patients by a collaborative team of health care providers.

Answer 1

Interprofessional Care Management

Question 2

It means consulting with dentists, pharmacists, nurses, or whoever has the necessary expertise to contribute to the patient’s treatment plan

Answer 2

Interprofessional Care Management

Question 3

(7) A Nurse’s role in interprofessional collaboration:

Answer 3

• Plan and participate in interdisciplinary care conferences.
• Assign, delegate, and supervise nursing team members.
• Educate clients and staff.
• Act as client advocate.
• Make client referrals.
• Ensure continuity of care.
• Contribute to the evaluation of patient outcomes

Question 4

Three Main Distinctions:

Answer 4

CORE TEAM
EXTENDED HEALTH CARE TEAM
EXTENDED COMMUNITY CARE TEAM

Question 5

comprises the patient, their family, and various informal caregivers; primary care clinicians, who may be physicians, PAs, NPs, or RNs; and clinical support staff, such as medical assistants and office staff

Answer 5

CORE TEAM

Question 6

has emerged in primary care delivery to augment the core team’s ability to meet the growing needs and complexity of individuals and the local community.

Answer 6

EXTENDED HEALTH CARE TEAM

Question 7

includes organizations and groups, such as early childhood educators, social support services, healthy aging services, caregiving services, home health aides, places of worship and other ministries, and disability support services

Answer 7

EXTENDED COMMUNITY CARE TEAM

Question 8

PROVISION OF MATERNAL & CHILD CARE:
(3) Based on the issues, the important and major purposes of the provision of Maternal and Child Health Services are:

Answer 8

➢ Prevention of maternal and child morbidity
and mortality
➢ Recognition and treatment of complications
as they arise, and
➢ The promotion of the health of the mother
and the newborn.

Question 9

A pregnant woman who has a special need needs more attention and care than an average woman warrants.

Answer 9

Care of the High-Risk and Sick Mothers

Question 10

Common Conditions of Pregnant Woman over the Age of 40:

Answer 10

HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
CARDIAC DISEASES
GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS
ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
MULTIPLE GESTATION

Question 11

is an infant that appears well but has a much greater chance than most infants of developing a clinical problem, such as hypothermia, hypoglycemia, apnea, infection, etc. in the newborn period.

Answer 11

high-risk infant

Question 12

(3) Which infants should be regarded as high risk?

Answer 12

➢ Infants that are born preterm or post-term. All low-birth-weight infants.
➢ Infants who are underweight or overweight for gestational age.
➢ Infants who have a low 1 minute Apgar score (i.e. need resuscitation after birth).

Question 13

does not appear well and has abnormal clinical signs. The infant may previously have been well or may previously have been identified as a
high-risk infant.

Answer 13

sick infant

Question 14

The most important clinical that indicate that an infant is sick are:

Answer 14

➢ Heart rate
➢ Respiration rate and pattern signs
➢ Color
➢ Temperature
➢ Activity

Question 15

What should you do for a sick infant?

Answer 15

➢ Resuscitate the infant if needed.
➢ Immediately treat the abnormal signs, e.g. give oxygen for cyanosis.
➢ Attempt to make a diagnosis of the cause of the clinical signs.
➢ Treat the cause if possible.
➢ Give the infant general supportive care.
➢ Monitor the vital signs.
➢ Discuss the problem with the parents.
➢ Decide whether to transfer the infant to a level 2 or 3 nursery.

Question 16

How do you resuscitate a sick infant?

Answer 16

➢ Clear the airway by suction, especially if the infant has vomited.
➢ Provide a source of oxygen if the infant is cyanosed.
➢ Stimulate respiration if the infant is not breathing adequately. Ventilation by face mask or endotracheal tube may be needed.
➢ Assess whether the infant is shocked. Treat if signs of shock are present

Question 17

What general supportive care is needed by a sick infant?

Answer 17

➢ Maintain adequate respiration and circulation.
➢ Maintain a normal body temperature.
➢ Handle the infant as little as possible.
➢ Provide extra oxygen only if needed.
➢ Observe the infant carefully, paying special attention to the vital signs.
➢ Provide fluid and energy by giving intravenous fluid. Usually, the stomach is emptied via a nasogastric tube.
➢ Prevent infection by washing your hands or spraying them with a disinfectant before touching the infant

Question 18

How often should the infant observations be made?

Answer 18

The sicker the infant, the more frequently observations will be needed

Very sick infants should be observed continuously. The use of monitoring equipment, such as apnea alarms and heart rate monitors, is of great help in continuous monitoring. Routine observations in sick infants are usually made every 30 minutes. Three- hourly observations are usually adequate in high-risk infants.

Question 19

Filipino Cultures, Values & Practices in relation to Difficult Childbearing

Answer 19

1. Giving Birth - coconut water
2. The Placenta - Burying of the placenta
3. Aeta mother’s beliefs and culture in giving birth
   - aeta mothers use chili pepper leaves and stroke the abdomen and the lower back followed by the sign of the cross to avoid premature labor.
   - “Bigkis above the waist just below the ribs
   -all the informants needs to express a sense of spiritual faith in God as a necessity and influenced by Catholicism or other religious sectors

Question 20

is an an integrated strategy that prioritizes the child’s health and welfare

Answer 20

The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)

Question 21

Goals and Aims of IMCI

Answer 21

➢ Reduce preventable mortality
➢ Minimize illness and disability
➢ Promote healthy growth and development of children under five years of age

Question 22

Purposes of IMCI

Answer 22

➢ Reduce infant mortality
➢ Reducing the incidence and seriousness of illnesses and health problems that affect boys and girls
➢ Improving growth and development during the first five years of a child’s life
➢ Better health management of the most common diseases in children
➢ Prevention of acquiring illness
➢ Adjusts curative interventions to the capacity and function of the health system
➢ Involves family and community in the process
➢ Proper diagnosis of disease
➢ Appropriate treatment

Question 23

IMCI includes both preventive and curative elements
Strategies:

Answer 23

➢ Improving case management skills in healthcare providers
➢ Improving health systems to provide quality care
➢ Improving Family and community health practices for health, growth, and development

Question 24

ICATT

Answer 24

IMCI Computerized Adaptation and Training Tool

Question 25

Open Interface ICATT

Answer 25

CHART BOOKLET BUILDER LIBRARY MY LIBRARY TRAINING MANAGER

Question 26

ICATT TRAINING SET IS ORGANIZED INTO TRAINING UNITS WITH THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURE:

Answer 26

READ SEE PRACTICE

Question 27

COPYRIGHT OF ICATT

Answer 27

Belongs to WHO and NFSD but the program can be used free of charge by anyone for health‐related training without commercial purpose.

Question 28

is a comprehensive computer-based training tool that is used to provide computer-based group classes or individual self-directed learning that has an immense value and purpose.

Answer 28

IMCI Computerized Adaptation and Training Tool (ICATT)

Question 29

The adaptation of ICATT content needs to be adapted according to the ________Guidelines

Answer 29

National IMCI Guidelines

Question 30

Local adaptations to the IMCI guidelines to be regularly added and updated are the following:

Answer 30

➢ New Treatment and management guidelines from evidence-based research ➢ New conditions based on local patterns of morbidity and mortality ➢ Local terms expressions and feeding guidelines ➢ Local pictures and audiovisual materials

Question 31

The ICATT program is not a “___________" training program. The training is said to provide an opportunity for a real clinical practice using case management skills so that trainees can enrich and apply their knowledge appropriately in the field.

Answer 31

stand-alone

Question 32

three training configurations that were tested:

Answer 32

1. Classroom-based training with individual computers 2. Classroom-based training with LCD projector 3. Distance learning training.

Question 33

Health professionals and workers eligible for the said training include;

Answer 33

➢ Doctors ➢ Medical assistants ➢ Nurses ➢ Health assistants ➢ Midwives and ➢ other paramedical health workers who treat sick children.

Question 34

Recommended WHO standards for 11-day IMCI in-service training;

Answer 34

➢ Maximum of 24 participants per course ➢ The ratio of facilitators not less than 1:4 ➢ Duration of 80 hours with 30% of the time allocated for clinical practice ➢ Completion of all training modules ➢ Follow-up visits at the health worker’s workplace to review the practice of skills and reinforce competence gained during training within a month after the in-service training.

Question 35

Modules of the IMCI 11-day in-service training course

Answer 35

➢ Introduction ➢ Assess and classify the sick child, ages 2 months up to 5 years old ➢ Identify treatment ➢ Treat the child ➢ Counsel the mother/parent ➢ Management of the sick young infant ➢ Follow-up

Question 36

After trainees complete their training through ICATT, they undergo standardized testing and also receive recognition and certification as incorporated into the continuing in-service education.

Answer 36

END OF TRAINING COURSE

Question 37

Roles and responsibility for a mother having excessive blood loss

Answer 37

➢ Is to assess and intervene early or during a hemorrhage to help the client regain her strength and prevent complications. ➢ be vigilant to conduct thorough assessment and management to provide exceptional care for patients experiencing vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, particularly related to ruling out life-threatening conditions including obstetric hemorrhage ➢ Save all perineal pads used during bleeding and weigh them to determine the amount of blood loss. Assess lochia frequently to determine if the amount discharged is still within the normal limits. ➢ administer prescribed medications and other treatments. ➢ Assess the amount of bleeding. Assess maternal vital signs to establish baseline data and also Assess for signs of shock.

Question 38

Career Options in Maternal and Child Nursing

Answer 38

MATERNAL AND CHILD TRAVEL NURSE COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKER COUNSELOR DIETICIAN CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR ACADEMIC RESEARCHER EPIDEMIOLOGIST

Question 39

Assume Responsibility for Lifelong Learning, Own Personal Development, and Maintenance of Competence: Become responsible for own personal development

Answer 39

1. ATTEND TRAINING 2. FOCUS ON YOUR STRENGTHS 3. CREATE A SCHEDULE 4. SET BOUNDARIES 5. MAKE A CONNECTION

Question 40

is the knowledge, abilities, and expertise that an individual or an organization has.

Answer 40

COMPETENCE

Question 41

Defined as an ongoing ability to integrate and apply the knowledge and skills to practice a set of tasks safely in a designated role or setting

Answer 41

MAINTENANCE OF COMPETENCE

Question 42

HOW DO WE MAINTAIN COMPETENCE?

Answer 42

1. Continue Education and Training 2. Conduct of Self Evaluation 3. Join Organizations 4. Make use and apply evidence-based nursing practices