Roman History Flashcards
(548 cards)
1
Q
Which Roman emperor received the nickname “Graeculus”?
A
Hadrian
Fun Fact: Graeculus which his friends gave to the Roman emperor Hadrian. It means “Little Greek”, reflecting the fact that Hadrian had a long fascination with Greece and the Greeks.
2
Q
On what day of history was the Roman emperor Hadrian said to have been born?
A
January 24th, 76 AD
Fun Fact: Publius Aelius Hadrianus was born on January 24th, 76 AD, in Rome, or perhaps in Spain: we don’t know this for sure. On the death of his father he was adopted by Trajan at an early age and was coached into the role of emperor. He served with Trajan in various campaigns including the Dacian wars and held various positions in his entourage. His official adoption as successor was announced after Trajan’s death in 117 AD, though Hadrian’s promotion to emperor was made difficult as he was disliked by some leading senators: in the process four ex-consuls were killed, accused of plotting against him. Hadrian had interests in performing arts and architecture, and his villa at Tivoli was his refuge. He spent much of his time visiting far off outposxts of the empire and strengthening its boundaries. His wall in northern England is famous but he also constructed a similar frontier system in Germany. Other visits took him to Spain, Greece, North Africa, Turkey and Egypt. Exhausted by travels, he returned to Rome where he appointed Aurelius Antoninus as his successor in early 138 AD. He died in the same year and was buried in his mausoleum, later renamed Castel Sant’ Angelo.
3
Q
Give the full name for the father of the Roman emperor Hadrian.
A
Publius Aelius Hadrianus Afer
Fun Fact: Aelius Hadrianus Afer was a Roman senator, who owned land in Spain, in the area of Italica, near modern day Seville. He was the cousin of Trajan and the father of the future Emperor Hadrian, though he died while the boy was still young.
4
Q
In what area of Spain did Afer, the father of the Roman emperor Hadrian, supposedly own land?
A
Italica
Fun Fact: Italica was a wealthy and important town, near modern day Seville in Spain. It was where the future Emperor Hadrian grew up.
5
Q
Who was the mother of the Roman emperor Hadrian?
A
Paulina
Fun Fact: Hadrian’s mother was called Paulina, who came from the coastal town of Cadiz, called Gades in Roman times.
6
Q
Who was the sister of the Roman emperor Hadrian?
A
Domitia Paulina
Fun Fact: Domitia Paulina was Hadrian’s sister, who was about one year older than him. She was the daughter of Paulina and became the wife of Servianus.
7
Q
Give the full name for the cousin of Hadrian who became emperor of Rome in 98 AD.
A
Marcus Ulpius Trajanus
Fun Fact: Marcus Ulpius Traianus was born in around 53 AD in Spain. In his early career he served in Syria, Spain and Germany. He was adopted by the Emperor Nerva in 97 AD and succeeded him on his death a year later. Trajan was an extremely successful Emperor who brought together the senate and the people behind many of the works he undertook. His wars in Dacia, north of the Danube, led to ceasefire in 102 AD and more significant success in 105 AD. The leader of the Dacians, Decebalus, was driven to commit suicide and this was up-held as one of Trajan’s finest achievements. Trajan’s column depicts the two Dacian campaigns and served as the emperor’s mausoleum. Trajan undertook campaigns against the Parthians in Mesopotamia in 115 and 116 AD, though little long term benefit arose from these. Before he could return to Rome, however, he died in 117 AD in Cilicia. His reputation stood high with the people as he had strengthened Rome’s borders while ruling firmly and well. He was the guardian of Hadrian and was married to Plotina. He was also the cousin of Afer, Hadrian’s father.
8
Q
What is family name of the Roman emperor Trajan?
A
Ulpius
Fun Fact: The Ulpius family was the family of the emperor Trajan.
9
Q
Who was the wife of the Roman emperor Trajan?
A
Plotina
Fun Fact: Plotina was the wife of the emperor Trajan. Her great love for Hadrian probably helped him become emperor more than anything else.
10
Q
Italica was a town near which modern day city?
A
Seville, Spain
11
Q
What is the meaning of the nickname “Graeculus”?
A
“Little Greek”
Fun Fact: Graeculus which his friends gave to the Roman emperor Hadrian. It means “Little Greek”, reflecting the fact that Hadrian had a long fascination with Greece and the Greeks.
12
Q
Why was the Roman emperor Hadrian receive the nickname “Graeculus”?
A
Hadrian had a lifelong fascination with Greece and the Greeks
13
Q
Give the full birth name for the Roman emperor Hadrian.
A
Publius Aelius Hadrian(us)
14
Q
After the death of his father, Hadrian was adopted by which future Roman emperor?
A
Trajan
15
Q
When was the announcement of Hadrian’s official adoption as successor to the imperial throne?
A
After the death of Trajan in 117 AD
Fun Fact: Hadrian’s promotion to emperor was made difficult as he was disliked by some leading senators: in the process four ex-consuls were killed, accused of plotting against him.
16
Q
Where did Hadrian famously have a villa which served as his refuge?
A
Tivoli
Fun Fact: Hadrian had interests in performing arts and architecture. This villa was used to house a lot of his artistic interests.
17
Q
Where would you find “Hadrian’s Wall”?
A
northern England
Fun Fact: He constructed a similar frontier system in Germany.
18
Q
Who was the Roman emperor Hadrian’s ultimate successor, and in what year did Hadrian appoint them?
A
Aurelius Antoninus (Pius); 138 AD
19
Q
In what year did the Roman emperor Hadrian die?
A
138 AD
20
Q
What is the modern name for Hadrian’s Mausoleum?
A
Castel Sant’ Angelo
21
Q
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Augustus.
A
27 BC - 14 AD
22
Q
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Tiberius.
A
14 AD - 37 AD
23
Q
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Caligula.
A
37 AD - 41 AD
24
Q
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Claudius.
A
41 AD - 54 AD
25
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Nero.
54 AD - 68 AD
26
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Galba.
68 AD - 69 AD
27
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Otho.
69 AD
28
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Vitellius.
69 AD
29
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Vespasian.
69 AD - 79 AD
30
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Titus.
79 AD - 81 AD
31
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Domitian.
81 AD - 96 AD
32
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Nerva.
96 AD - 98 AD
33
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Trajan.
98 AD - 117 AD
34
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Hadrian.
117 AD - 138 AD
35
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Antoninus Pius.
138 AD - 161 AD
36
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Marcus Aurelius.
161 AD - 180 AD
37
Whose rule ended in 79 AD?
Vespasian
38
Whose rule began in 14 AD?
Tiberius
39
Whose rule began in 81 AD?
Domitian
40
Whose rule began in 79 AD?
Titus
41
Who ruled from 14 AD - 37 AD?
Tiberius
42
Whose rule began in 41 AD?
Claudius
43
Who ruled from 98 AD - 117 AD?
Trajan
44
Who ruled from 41 AD - 54 AD?
Claudius
45
Who ruled from 27 BC - 14 AD?
Augustus
46
Whose rule ended in 117 AD?
Trajan
47
Whose rule ended in 138 AD?
Hadrian
48
Whose rule began in 117 AD?
Hadrian
49
Who ruled from 81 AD - 96 AD?
Domitian
50
Whose rule began in 37 AD?
Caligula
51
Whose rule ended in 180 AD?
Marcus Aurelius
52
Who ruled from 54 AD - 68 AD?
Nero
53
Who ruled from 117 AD - 138 AD?
Hadrian
54
Whose rule ended in 54 AD?
Claudius
55
Who ruled from 37 AD - 41 AD?
Caligula
56
Whose rule ended in 68 AD?
Nero
57
Whose rule began in 161 AD?
Marcus Aurelius
58
Who ruled from 79 AD - 81 AD?
Titus
59
Whose rule ended in 37 AD?
Tiberius
60
Whose rule began in 68 AD?
Galba
61
Who ruled from 68 AD - 69 AD?
Galba
62
Whose rule began in 54 AD?
Nero
63
Whose rule ended in 14 AD?
Augustus
64
Who ruled from 161 AD - 180 AD?
Marcus Aurelius
65
Whose rule began in 138 AD?
Antoninus Pius
66
Whose rule ended in 41 AD?
Caligula
67
Whose rule ended in 161 AD?
Antoninus Pius
68
Whose rule began in 98 AD?
Trajan
69
Whose rule began in 27 BC?
Augustus
70
Who ruled from 138 AD - 161 AD?
Antoninus Pius
71
Whose rule ended in 98 AD?
Nerva
72
Whose rule ended in 96 AD?
Domitian
73
Who ruled from 96 AD - 98 AD?
Nerva
74
Whose rule ended in 81 AD?
Titus
75
Who ruled from 69 AD - 79 AD?
Vespasian
76
Whose rule began in 96 AD?
Nerva
77
Which dynasty consisted of Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero?
Julio-Claudian Dynasty
78
Which group consisted of Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian?
Year of Four Emperors
79
Which dynasty consisted of Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian?
Flavian Dynasty
80
Which group consisted of Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius?
Five Good Emperors
81
Which group consisted of Pertinax, Didius Julianus, Pescennius Niger, Clodius Albinus, Septimius Severus?
Year of Five Emperors
82
Which dynasty consisted of Septimius Severus, Caracalla, Geta, Macrinus, Elagabalus, and Severus Alexander?
Severan Dynasty
83
Which group ruled from 96 AD - 180 AD?
Five Good Emperors
84
Give the years of the Severan Dynasty.
193 AD - 235 AD
85
Name the members, in order, of the Five Good Emperors.
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius
86
Name the members, in order, of the Flavian Dynasty.
Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian
87
Which group ruled in 69 AD?
Year of Four Emperors
88
Give the years of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty.
27 BC - 68 AD
89
Give the years of the Flavian Dynasty.
69 AD - 96 AD
90
Which members of the Year of Five Emperors did not actually count as emperors?
Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus
91
Name the members, in order, of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty.
Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero
92
Name the members, in order, of the Year of Five Emperors.
Pertinax, Didius Julianus, Pescennius Niger, Clodius Albinus, Septimius Severus
93
Which dynasty ruled from 27 BC - 68 AD?
Julio-Claudian Dynasty
94
Which dynasty ruled from 69 AD - 96 AD?
Flavian Dynasty
95
Give the Year of Four Emperors.
69 AD
96
Give the years of the Five Good Emperors.
96 AD - 180 AD
97
Which dynasty ruled from 193 AD - 235 AD?
Severan Dynasty
98
Which emperor, though not typically included in the Five Good Emperors, co-ruled with Marcus Aurelius?
Lucius Verus
99
Name the members, in order, of the Year of Four Emperors.
Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian
100
Give the Year of Five Emperors.
193 AD
101
Name the members, in order, of the Severan Dynasty.
Septimius Severus, Caracalla, Geta, Macrinus, Elagabalus, and Severus Alexander
102
Which group ruled in 193 AD?
Year of Five Emperors
103
Who did the Romans fight against in the Punic Wars?
Carthage
104
How many Punic Wars were there?
Three
105
Give the years for the First Punic War.
264 BC - 241 BC
106
Give the years for the Third Punic War.
149 BC - 146 BC
107
Which war was fought from 264 BC - 241 BC?
First Punic War
108
Which war was fought from 149 BC - 146 BC?
Third Punic War
109
Which war was fought from 218 BC - 201 BC?
Second Punic War
110
Give the years for the Second Punic War.
218 BC - 201 BC
111
How many Roman Kings were there?
Seven
112
Name the Seven Roman Kings in order.
Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, and Tarquinius Superbus
113
Who was the fifth king of Rome?
Tarquinius Priscus
114
Who was the fourth king of Rome?
Ancus Marcius
115
Who was the third king of Rome?
Tullus Hostilius
116
Who was the first king of Rome?
Romulus
117
Who was the sixth king of Rome?
Servius Tullius
118
Who was the second king of Rome?
Numa Pompilius
119
Who was the seventh king of Rome?
Tarquinius Superbus
120
How many forms of government were there throughout Rome’s history?
Three
121
Name Rome’s three forms of government, in order.
Monarchy, Republic, and Empire
122
Give the years of the Roman Monarchy.
753 BC - 510 BC
123
Give the years of the Roman Republic.
509 BC - 27 BC
124
Give the years of the Rome Empire.
27 BC - 476 AD
125
Give the traditional date for the founding of Rome
April 21, 753 BC
126
Who were the parents of Romulus?
Mars and Rhea Silvia
127
Who was the father of Rhea Silvia?
Numitor
128
Who was the twin brother of Romulus?
Remus
129
Which couple raised Romulus and Remus?
Faustulus the shepherd and Acca Laurentia
130
Who was the maternal grandfather of Romulus and Remus?
Numitor
131
Where was Numitor king?
Alba Longa
132
What man usurped the Alban throne from his brother Numitor?
Amulius
133
Who returned to Alba Longa to reclaim the throne for Amulius?
Romulus and Remus
134
Where did Romulus build his city?
The Palatine Hill
135
Where did Remus build his city?
The Aventine Hill
136
Who was Romulus’ wife?
Hersilia
137
With whom did Romulus co-rule?
Titus Tatius
138
From where was Titus Tatius originally?
Sabinia
139
What was Romulus called after his death?
Quirinus
140
Which king traditionally brought the first significant amount of religion to Rome?
Numa Pompilius
141
Which king traditionally introduced the calendar?
Numa Pompilius
142
Who was the consort of Numa Pompilius?
Egeria
143
What unique characteristic did Egeria possess?
She was supposedly a nymph
144
Which town did Tullus Hostilius traditionally destroy?
Alba Longa
145
Who was king of Alba Longa whilst Tullius Hostilius was king?
Mettius Fufetius
146
Which two sets of triplets fought to settle the dispute between Rome and Alba Longa?
Horatii (Roman) vs. Curiatii (Alban)
147
Which set of triplets won in the battle between Rome and Alba Longa?
Horatii
148
What building did Tullus Hostilius traditionally build?
Curia (senate house)
149
What bridge, the first bridge across the Tiber, was Ancus Marcius said to have built?
Pons Sublicius
150
What is the meaning of the name “Priscus”?
the Elder
151
Who was the wife of Tarquinius Priscus?
Tanaquil
152
What plot of land was Tarquinius Priscus said to have altered?
He drained the Forum
153
What large project did Tarquinius Priscus traditionally said to have begun?
Circus Maximus
154
Which king was supposedly born a slave?
Servius Tullius
155
Which king traditionally built the first wall around Rome?
Servius Tullius (the Servian Wall)
156
Who killed Servius Tullius?
His daughter Tullia and her later husband Tarquinius Superbus
157
What does “Superbus” mean?
The Proud
158
What great sewer did Tarquinius Superbus construct?
Cloaca Maxima
159
Who were the first two Roman consuls, thus initiating the Roman Republic?
Lucius Junius Brutus and Collatinus
160
Who was the wife of Collatinus?
Lucretia
161
Describe the Tragedy of Lucretia.
She was raped by Tarquinius Superbus’ son; she told her husband Collatinus, and then she killed herself
162
Which two men lead the charge to remove Tarquinius Superbus and his family from power, thus ending the Roman Monarchy?
Lucius Junius Brutus and Collatinus
163
After being chased off the throne, from which people did Tarquinius Superbus seek help?
Etruscans
164
Who was king of the Etruscans when Tarquinius Superbus had been deposed?
Lars Porsenna
165
What was the capital city of Etruria during the reign of Lars Porsenna?
Clusium
166
What man fought the Etruscans single-handedly on the Pons Sublicius?
Horatius Cocles
167
On which bridge did Horatius single-handedly fight an Etruscan army?
Pons Sublicius (Sublician Bridge)
168
What is the meaning of the name “Cocles”?
One-Eyed
169
What man tried to kill Porsenna, was captured, and to prove his bravery, thrust his right arm into a fire?
Gaius Mucius Scaevola
170
In reaction to Scaevola’s brave deed, what did Porsenna do?
Porsenna released Scaevola for his bravery.
171
What is the meaning of the name “Scaevola”?
Lefty
172
Who, among the Roman girls held captive by Lars Porsenna, swam the Tiber to get back to Rome?
Cloelia
173
What man defeats the Volscian city of Corioli, is exiled from Rome, then attacks Rome, only to be stopped by the pleas of his mother Veturia and wife Volumnia?
Coriolanus
174
What town does Coriolanus historically defeat?
Volscian town of Corioli
175
Which two women prevent Coriolanus’ march on Rome?
His mother Veturia and his wife Volumnia
176
What man was dictator in 458 BC?
Cincinnatus
177
For how long was Cincinnatus dictator?
Sixteen Days
178
What tribe was Cincinnatus asked to fight?
Aequi
179
What battle took place in 458 BC, and who were fighting?
Battle of Mount Algidus; Cincinnatus vs. the Aequi; Cincinnatus won
180
In what year was the Battle of Mount Algidus?
458 BC
181
What laws were the first codified in Rome?
Twelve Tables
182
Which years consisted of the writing of the Twelve Tables?
451- 450 BC
183
What group of men created the Laws of the Twelve Tables?
Decemviri
184
Who led the decemviri?
Appius Claudius
185
In which year were the Twelve Tables formally “enacted”?
449 BC
186
What man defeated the Veii, was later exiled, then finally, when he helped rid Rome of the Gauls, was called pater patriae?
Camillus
187
What town near Rome did Camillus defeat?
Veii
188
What battle occurred in 390 BC?
Allia River
189
Who fought at the Battle of Allia River, and what was the result?
Gaul vs. Rome; Gaul won and sacked Rome
190
Who was the chief of the Gauls at the Battle of Allia River?
Brennus
191
What famous phrase did Brennus say to the Romans when they were complaining about how much they had to give the Gauls?
“Vae Victis” - “Woe to the conquered.”
192
Caudine Forks (321 BC) and Lautulae (315 BC) were the two most notable Roman defeats in which war?
2nd Samnite War
193
Name two of the most notable Roman defeats during the 2nd Samnite War, and give their dates.
Caudine Forks (321 BC) and Lautulae (315 BC)
194
Who was censor in 312 BC?
Appius Claudius Caecus
195
What two structures did Appius Claudius Caecus famously construct?
Via Appia (Appian Way) and Aqua Appia, the first major Roman Aqueduct
196
In what year was Appius Claudius Caecus censor, as well as beginning construction on the Via Appia and the Aqua Appia?
312 BC
197
What battle occurred in 295 BC?
Battle of Sentinum
198
Who was the general at the Battle of Sentinum?
Decius Mus
199
What heroic act did Decius Mus undertake at the Battle of Sentinum?
in an act of devotion, known as “devotio”, charged between his cavalry and the Gauls to his death.
200
In what year did the Battle of Sentinum take place?
295 BC
201
What Greek king fought the Romans between 280 BC and 275 BC?
Pyrrhus
202
Where was Pyrrhus king?
Epirus in Greece
203
What was the war between Rome and Pyrrhus known as?
Pyrrhic War
204
With what animal was Pyrrhus the first enemy to fight Rome?
War elephants
205
What battle took place in 280 BC?
Heraclea
206
What battle took place in 279 BC?
Asculum
207
What battle took place in 275 BC?
Beneventum
208
What major battle of the Pyrrhic War was considered a “Pyrrhic victory”?
Asculum
209
Describe the origin of the phrase “Pyrrhic victory”.
It is a victory that is won but at too heavy a cost. Pyrrhus won the battle of Asculum, but since it cost so many lives to win, he was unable to win the war.
210
Give the year for the Battle of Beneventum.
275 BC
211
Give the year for the Battle of Heraclea.
280 BC
212
Give the year for the Battle of Asculum.
279 BC
213
What man was considered “unbribable” when, as a Roman ambassador, he declined Pyrrhus’ bribe?
Fabricius
214
Over what area was the First Punic War originally fought?
Messana in Sicily
215
What aspect to Rome’s military was constructed directly due to the First Punic War?
Their navy
216
What naval invention gave Rome an upper hand during the First Punic War?
Corvus - gangplank with grappling hook on its end
217
What was Rome’s first naval victory?
Mylae
218
In which year did the Battle of Mylae take place?
260 BC
219
What battle ends the First Punic War?
Aegates Islands
220
In which year did the Battle of the Aegates Islands take place?
241 BC
221
What event initiated the Second Punic War?
Hannibal crossed the Ebro River in Spain
222
Over a two-year period at the beginning of the Second Punic War, Rome lost a series of four major battles. Name the four in order and their years.
Ticinus River - 218 BC; Trebia River - 218 BC; Lake Trasimene - 217 BC; Cannae - 216 BC
223
Which battle of the Second Punic War marked Rome’s greatest defeat?
Battle of Cannae
224
Where was the final battle of the Second Punic War?
Zama
225
In which year did the Battle of Zama take place?
202 BC
226
Who fought at the Battle of Zama, and what was the result?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus defeats Hannibal
227
What did Hannibal’s father make Hannibal swear?
Hannibal must always hate the Romans
228
What name was Publius Cornelius Scipio given after the victory at Zama?
Africanus
229
What battle takes place in 168 BC?
Battle of Pydna
230
Who fought at the Battle of Pydna, and what was the result?
Roman Aemilius Paulus defeats Perseus of Macedon
231
What man won the Third Punic War for Rome?
Scipio Aemilianus
232
What man ended each of his speeches with a rally cry asking for the end of Carthage, and what was that phrase?
Cato the Elder; “Carthago delenda est.” - Carthage must be destroyed.
233
What kingdom was bequeathed to Rome in 133 BC and by which king?
Pergamum; king Attalus III
234
What tribune of 133 BC was tried to run for a second term but shortly after being elected was killed?
Tiberius Gracchus
235
What type of policy is Tiberius Gracchus known to have pushed?
agrarian (land) reform
236
Which tribune of 121 BC was the brother of Tiberius Gracchus?
Gaius Gracchus
237
Who is the mother of the “Gracchi Brothers”?
Cornelia
238
Who is the famous grandfather of the “Gracchi Brothers”?
Scipio Africanus
239
What did Cornelia call her sons?
her gemmae (gems)
240
Give the years of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus’ final tribunal positions.
133 BC and 121 BC (respectively)
241
Who was consul seven times?
Marius
242
When was the Battle of Aquae Sextiae?
102 BC
243
Who defeated the Teutones at Aquae Sextiae in 102 BC?
Marius
244
When was the Battle of Vercellae?
101 BC
245
Who defeated the Cimbri at Vercellae in 101 BC?
Marius
246
Where did Marius defeat the Teutones in 102 BC?
Aquae Sextiae
247
Where did Marius defeat the Cimbri in 101 BC?
Vercellae
248
Who did Marius defeat at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae in 102 BC?
Teutones
249
Who did Marius defeat at the Battle of Vercellae in 101 BC?
Cimbri
250
How many times was Marius consul?
seven
251
In the civil war between Marius and Sulla, what side did each take?
Marius - populares; Sulla - optimates
252
What years was Sulla dictator?
81 BC - 79 BC
253
Give the years of the Third Servile War.
73 BC - 71 BC
254
What slave lead the revolt that ultimately became the Third Servile War?
Spartacus
255
Who defeated Spartacus, but also, who aided in the defeat and ultimately received more credit than he deserved?
Crassus defeated him, but Pompey finished it and therefore got “extra credit”
256
When was the first consulship of Crassus and Pompey?
70 BC
257
What law gave Pompey command over pirates in the Mediterranean, and in what year was it passed?
Lex Gabinia - 67 BC
258
What law gave Pompey command against Mithridates VI, and in what year was it passed?
Lex Manilia - 66 BC
259
Where was Mithridates VI king?
Pontus
260
Name the 5 significant events of 63 BC.
Octavian was born, Julius Caesar becomes Pontifex Maximus, Cicero is consul, the conspiracy of Catiline occurs, and Mithridates VI dies.
261
Who was consul with Cicero?
Antonius Hybrida
262
Name the members of the First Triumvirate and the year it begins.
Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar; 60 BC
263
In what year was Julius Caesar consul, and who was consul with him?
59 BC; Bibulus
264
Where was Caesar’s most famous military campaign?
Gaul (and Britain)
265
When did Caesar fight in Gaul (and Britain)?
58 BC - 52 BC
266
Where and in what year did the members of the First Triumvirate meet to reestablish the First Triumvirate?
Luca (modern day Lucca) in 56 BC
267
After the meeting of the triumvirs in Luca, where was each member sent?
Caesar sent back to Gaul, Pompey sent to Spain, and Crassus sent to Asia Minor
268
Give the year for the second consulship of Pompey and Crassus.
55 BC
269
Who does Caesar defeat at Alesia in 52 BC?
Vercingetorix
270
Who is sole consul in 52 BC?
Pompey
271
Who was killed by the followers of Milo in 52 BC?
Clodius
272
In what year did Caesar cross the Rubicon River?
49 BC
273
What was famously said by Caesar when he crossed the Rubicon?
“Alea iacta est” - the die is cast (“I have made my decision”)
274
When was the Battle of Pharsalus?
48 BC
275
Who won the Battle of Pharsalus?
Caesar defeats Pompey
276
After the Battle of Pharsalus, what happens to Pompey?
Pompey escapes to Alexandria, only to be killed by the Egyptians
277
What year was the Battle of Zela?
47 BC
278
Who won the Battle of Zela?
Caesar defeats Pharnaces
279
What phrase was Caesar known to have said after the Battle of Zela?
“Veni, Vidi, Vici” - I came, I saw, I conquered
280
What year was the Battle of Munda?
45 BC
281
Who won the Battle of Munda?
Caesar defeats the sons of Pompey
282
In which province can you find Munda?
Hispania (Spain)
283
In which year is Caesar named dictator for life?
44 BC
284
On what date was Caesar killed?
Ides of March (March 15), 44 BC
285
Who killed Caesar?
a group of senators led by Brutus and Cassius
286
Name the members of the Second Triumvirate and the year it begins.
Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian; 43 BC
287
Which triumvirate was not legal?
the First Triumvirate
288
What law made the Second Triumvirate legal?
Lex TItia
289
When was the Battle of Philippi?
42 BC
290
Who won the Battle of Philippi?
Octavian and Antony defeat Brutus and Cassius
291
In which province can you find Philippi?
Graecia (Greece)
292
When was the Battle of Actium?
31 BC
293
Who won the Battle of Actium?
Octavian and Agrippa defeat the forces of Antony and Cleopatra
294
After the Battle of Actium, what significant event had been achieved?
Octavian has the only army in the Mediterranean
295
Give the official starting date for the Roman Empire.
January 16, 27 BC
296
What event triggers the start of the Roman Empire?
Octavian returns power to Senate, they name him Augustus; he is given provinces of Egypt, Gaul, Syria
297
Name the second and third wives of Augustus.
Scribonia and Livia, respectively
298
Who was the infamous daughter of Augustus and Scribonia?
Julia
299
What kind of values is Augustus traditionally said to have established?
family values
300
What phrase is used to describe the transition of Rome under its first emperor?
Augustus “found Rome brick and left it marble”.
301
Describe the tragedy of the Battle of Teutoberg Forest.
in 9 AD, 9 Varus loses three legions in Germany at the battle.
302
Who did Varus face at the Battle of Teutoberg Forest?
Arminius
303
What was Rome’s enemy Arminius also called?
Herman the German
304
Through another marriage, who is the son of Livia, the third wife of Augustus?
Tiberius
305
Who was Tiberius’ second wife?
Julia, the daughter of Augustus
306
What competent general was the nephew of Tiberius?
Germanicus
307
To where did Tiberius go in exile?
Rhodes
308
Later in life, where did Tiberius go to retire?
Capri
309
Who was the son of Germanicus who later became emperor?
Caligula
310
What was Caligula’s original name?
Gaius
311
How did Caligula come across his name, “Caligula”?
Caligula means little boots - his father Germanicus kept Caligula around the camp as a child and therefore developed the name whilst there.
312
How does Caligula die?
killed by the Praetorian Guard
313
Which brother of Germanicus later became emperor?
Claudius
314
What physical/mental “defects” was Claudius said to have possessed?
had a limp and a tick and pretended to be stupid
315
How did Claudius come to be placed in the emperorship?
Praetorian Guard chose him
316
What province did Claudius conquer?
Britain
317
Name Claudius’ third and fourth wives.
Messalina and Agrippina the Younger, respectively
318
Who were the children of Claudius and Messalina?
Octavia and Britannicus
319
Through another marriage, who was the son of Agrippina the Younger?
Nero
320
Give Nero’s full original name.
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
321
How was Nero related to Claudius?
Nero was Claudius’ step son (later also son-in-law)
322
Who did Nero first marry?
Octavia, daughter of Claudius
323
At what age did Nero become emperor?
Sixteen years old
324
Who were the tutors of Nero?
Seneca (philosopher) and Burrus (military)
325
In what school of philosophy did Seneca follow?
Stoicism
326
What event allowed Nero to begin a large construction project?
a great fire in 64 AD
327
What did Nero build just after the Great Fire of 64 AD?
Domus Aurea
328
On whom did Nero blame the Great Fire of 64 AD?
Christians
329
Which province led a revolt against Rome under Nero, and who led that revolt?
Britain led by Queen Boudicca
330
How did Nero die?
suicide
331
What governor backed Galba in the Galba vs. Nero debate?
Julius Vindex
332
Where was Julius Vindex governor?
Gallia
333
Who named Otho princeps?
the praetorian guard in Rome
334
Who named Vitellius princeps?
the armies in the Lower Rhine (Germany)
335
Where did Vitellius defeat Otho?
Cremona
336
Who named Vespasian princeps?
the armies in the Near East
337
Vespasian is known for beginning the construction of what famous amphitheater?
Colosseum
338
When did construction begin on the Colosseum?
70 AD (though physical construction might not have begun until 72 AD)
339
What economic “tax” did Vespasian introduce in Rome?
pay toilets
340
Name the two sons of Vespasian.
Titus and Domitian
341
Arguably Titus’ greatest military conquest was what city and in what year?
Jerusalem in 70 AD
342
What was built to commemorate Titus’ conquest of Jerusalem in 70 AD?
a triumphal arch
343
In what year was the Colosseum finished and dedicated?
80 AD
344
What date marks the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius?
August 24, 79 AD
345
What three cities does the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius destroy?
Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae
346
Of the two sons of Vespasian, which was more known as a cruel ruler?
Domitian
347
What phrase is associated with Domitian?
dominus et deus - master and god
348
What attribute was significant to Nerva?
elderly and the first senator who became emperor
349
Whom did Nerva adopt?
Trajan
350
Against what enemy of Rome did Trajan fight and ultimately win, thus causing a column to be constructed in honor of the victory?
Dacia
351
In what year was the Roman Empire at its largest extent?
117 AD
352
Where was Trajan born?
Spain
353
What passions are attributed to Hadrian?
travel, architecture, and greek things
354
What legislative change did he make to Italy?
reduced Italy to an imperial province
355
Between what two regions did Hadrian place a wall?
Britain and Scotland
356
Which centennial fell under Antoninus Pius’ reign?
900th anniversary of Rome
357
Whom did Antoninus Pius adopt?
Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus to be co-emperors
358
Between what years did Marcus Aurelius co-rule with Lucius Verus?
161 AD - 169 AD
359
What school of philosophy did Marcus Aurelius practice?
Stoicism
360
Who was the son of Marcus Aurelius?
Commodus
361
What mythological figure did Commodus attempt to emulate?
Hercules
362
Who famously bought the Roman Empire at an auction and thus became emperor?
Didius Julianus
363
Whom did Didius Julianus beat out in an auction for the Roman Empire?
Sulpicianus
364
How was Sulpicianus related to Pertinax, the predecessor to Didius Julianus?
Sulpicianus was Pertinax’ father-in-law
365
Where was Septimius Severus born?
Lepcis Magna (Libya)
366
From where did Septimius Severus begin his march on Rome?
his post in Pannonia
367
What two men made claims for the Roman Empire before Septimius Severus stopped them?
Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus
368
By what year had both Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus been defeated by Septimius Severus?
197 AD
369
Who was the wife of Septimius Severus?
Julia Domna
370
Name the sons of Septimius Severus and Julia Domna who later became co-emperors.
Caracalla and Geta
371
How does Geta die, and in what year?
Caracalla kills him in 212 AD
372
What edict did Caracalla famously pass, and what was significant about it?
Constitutio Antoniniana - gave citizenship to all free men in the Empire
373
In what year was the Constitutio Antoniniana passed?
212 AD
374
How does Caracalla die?
Macrinus kills him
375
What position did Macrinus hold before becoming emperor?
Praetorian Prefect
376
For what did the name “Elagabalus” stand?
a Syrian sun god
377
What was Elagabalus’ real name?
Bassianus
378
At what age did Severus Alexander achieve the throne?
13 years old
379
Due to being so young when first receiving the title of emperor, Severus Alexander had two women in his life hold the title of regent in his place. Name these two women and their relation to Severus Alexander.
his grandmother Julia Maesa and then his mother Julia Mamaea
380
How many members were on Severus Alexander’s council in order to help him rule?
Sixteen
381
What term is given to the emperors over the 50 years which follow the Severan Dynasty?
Barracks Emperors
382
Which emperor was captured by Shapur I in around 260 AD?
Valerian
383
Who becomes queen of Palmyra at death of her husband Odenathus in 268 AD?
Zenobia
384
Which emperor captures Zenobia and her son Vabalathus at the Battle of Palmyra in 273 AD?
Aurelian
385
What title was given to Aurelian near the end of his military campaigns?
Restitutor Orbis - Restorer of the World
386
Which emperor marked the end of the “Barracks Emperors” and established the tetrarchy?
Diocletian
387
What were the two “positions”of the tetrarchy?
Augusti (Upper) and Caesars (Lower)
388
Name the four members of the first tetrarchy, and give their positions.
Diocletian and Maximian were Augusti; Galerius and Constantius were Caesars
389
What year was the Battle of Melvin Bridge?
312 AD
390
Who did Constantine defeat at Milvian Bridge in 312 AD?
Maxentius
391
What vision did Constantine see, ensuring him the victory at Milvian Bridge?
In hoc signo vinces - by this sign you shall conquer
392
What edict was passed in 313 AD and what was significant about it?
Edict of Milan made Christianity legal
393
To where did Constantine move the capital of the Roman Empire?
Constantinople, formerly called Byzantine and now called Istanbul
394
What happened to Constantine on his deathbed?
He converted to Christianity
395
Which emperor passed an edict of toleration in 362 AD ordered the reopening of pagan temples and recalling of exiled Christian Bishops?
Julian (the Apostate)
396
Which emperor was defeated by Goths at Battle of Adrianople in 378 AD?
Valens
397
Who was the Visigoth who sacked Rome in 410 AD?
Alaric
398
Who was the Roman general who stopped Attila the Hun in 451 AD?
Aetius
399
In which battle of 451 AD did Aetius stop Atilla the Hun?
Battle of the Catalaunian Plains
400
Who was the last emperor in the West?
Romulus Augustulus (476 AD)
401
Who becomes king of Italy after the removal of Romulus Augustulus in 476 AD?
Odoacer
402
What were Rome and Carthage fighting over during the First Punic War?
Messana (strait between Sicily and Italy)
403
Name and describe the event(s) about the First Punic War that occurred in 262 BC.
Battle of Agrigentum – land battle
404
Name and describe the event(s) about the First Punic War that occurred in 261 BC - 260 BC.
Rome builds naval fleet
405
Name and describe the event(s) about the First Punic War that occurred in 260 BC.
Battle of Mylae - Rome’s first naval victory - Duilius is the admiral
406
Name and describe the event(s) about the First Punic War that occurred in 256 BC.
Battle of Cape Ecnomus - naval victory - allows Regulus to land in Africa
407
Name and describe the event(s) about the First Punic War that occurred in 255 BC.
Defeat of Regulus’ army
408
Name and describe the event(s) about the First Punic War that occurred in 254 BC.
Romans capture Panormus
409
Name and describe the event(s) about the First Punic War that occurred in 250 BC.
Romans win at Panormus; siege of Lilybaeum
410
Name and describe the event(s) about the First Punic War that occurred in 249 BC.
Claudius Pulcher’s naval defeat at Drepanum
411
What bad omen did Claudius Pulcher cause right before the Battle of Drepanum?
he threw the sacred chickens overboard
412
Name and describe the event(s) about the First Punic War that occurred in 247 BC.
Hamilcar Barca starts Carthaginian offensive in western Sicily
413
Name and describe the event(s) about the First Punic War that occurred in 241 BC.
Battle of Aegates Islands - Roman naval victory - end of First Punic War
414
After the First Punic War, Rome claimed its first two provinces. Name them.
1st - Sicily; 2nd - Sardinia and Corsica
415
Name and describe the event(s) about the period between the First Punic War and the Second Punic War that occurred in 237 BC.
Hamilcar moves to Spain
416
Name and describe the event(s) about the period between the First Punic War and the Second Punic War that occurred in 230 BC.
Hasdrubal suceeds Hamilcar in Spain
417
Name and describe the event(s) about the period between the First Punic War and the Second Punic War that occurred in 226 BC.
The Ebro River Treaty between Hasdrubal and Rome (Carthage will stay on one side of the Ebro River in Spain, and Rome will remain on the other)
418
Name and describe the event(s) about the period between the First Punic War and the Second Punic War that occurred in 221 BC.
Hannibal succeeds Hasdrubal
419
Name and describe the event(s) about the period between the First Punic War and the Second Punic War that occurred in 219 BC.
Hannibal besieges Saguntum in Spain on the other side of the Ebro River, thus breaking the treaty
420
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 218 BC.
Battles of Ticinus River and Trebia River – Rome loses both
421
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 217 BC.
Romans defeated at Lake Trasimene – though Romans win in a naval battle off the Ebro River
422
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 216 BC.
battle of Cannae – worst Roman defeat up until then
423
Who were the two Roman consuls at the Battle of Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro
424
Which consul dies at the Battle of Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
425
Who was dictator the year before the Battle of Cannae?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
426
What does the agnomen “Cunctator” mean?
“the delayer”
427
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 211 BC.
Hannibal’s march on Rome – defeat of Scipio’s in Spain
428
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 209 BC.
capture of Carthago Nova (New Carthage)
429
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 208 BC.
Battle of Baecula
430
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 207 BC.
Hasdrubal defeated at Battle of Metaurus River
431
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 206 BC.
Battle of Ilipa
432
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 204 BC.
Scipio lands in Africa
433
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 203 BC.
Scipio defeats Syphax and wins Battle of Great Plains – Hannibal recalled to Carthage
434
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 202 BC.
Scipio defeats Hannibal at the Battle of Zama (in Africa)
435
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 201 BC.
peace treaty
436
Name and describe the event(s) about the period between the Second Punic War and the Third Punic War that occurred in 184 BC.
death of Scipio Africanus
437
Name and describe the event(s) about the period between the Second Punic War and the Third Punic War that occurred in 183 BC.
Hannibal’s suicide
438
Name and describe the event(s) about the Third Punic War that occurred in 149 BC.
the last year Cato the Elder said, “Carthago delenda est” - Carthage must be destroyed, since he dies in this year
439
Name and describe the event(s) about the Third Punic War that occurred in 147 BC.
Scipio Aemilianus is placed in command of the siege of Carthage
440
Name and describe the event(s) about the Third Punic War that occurred in 146 BC.
Carthage is destroyed
441
Give the date of Julius Caesar’s birth.
July 12, 100 BC
442
Name and describe the event(s) about the life of Julius Caesar that occurred in 63 BC.
elected Pontifex Maximus (chief priest for life)
443
Name and describe the event(s) about the life of Julius Caesar that occurred in 60 BC.
1st triumvirate with Crassus and Pompey
444
Name and describe the event(s) about the life of Julius Caesar that occurred in 59 BC.
1st consulship with Bibulus – he bullied Bibulus into staying home – called year of Julius and Caesar
445
Name and describe the event(s) about the life of Julius Caesar that occurred in 58 BC - 50 BC.
in Gaul and Britain
446
Name and describe the event(s) about the life of Julius Caesar that occurred in 52 BC.
Battle of Gergovia – Vercingetorix (Gaul’s chieftain) defeats Caesar; then Battle of Alesia – Caesar defeats and captures Vercingetorix
447
Name and describe the event(s) about the life of Julius Caesar that occurred in 49 BC.
Caesar crossed Rubicon river with his troops (against orders of the senate) – said, Alea iacta est” the die is cast – start of civil war; then Caesar has his 1st dictatorship
448
Name and describe the event(s) about the life of Julius Caesar that occurred in 48 BC.
Caesar gains his 2nd consulship; then Caesar is defeated at Dyrrhachium by Pompey; then Caesar defeats Pompey at Pharsalus (Greece) – Pompey flees to Alexandria, Egypt and is killed by Egyptians
449
Name and describe the event(s) about the life of Julius Caesar that occurred in 47 BC.
battle of Zela, Caesar beat king Pharnaces – veni, vidi, vici
450
Name and describe the event(s) about the life of Julius Caesar that occurred in 46 BC.
Caesar made dictator for 10 years – won battle of Thapsus
451
Name and describe the event(s) about the life of Julius Caesar that occurred in 45 BC.
Caesar defeats sons of Pompey at Munda (Spain)
452
Name and describe the event(s) about the life of Julius Caesar that occurred in 44 BC.
Caesar made dictator for life. Killed March 15, 44 BC (the Ides of March) by senators led by Brutus and Cassius.
453
Name and describe the event(s) about the aftermath of Julius Caesar’s death that occurred in 43 BC.
2nd triumvirate – legal because of Lex Titia – Antony, Octavian, Lepidus
454
Name and describe the event(s) about the aftermath of Julius Caesar’s death that occurred in 42 BC.
Antony and Octavian defeat Cassius and Brutus at Philippi
455
Who was promised as a child to be able to accompany his father on an overseas military campaign as long as he swore to never be a friend to Rome?
Hannibal
456
Born in April of 145 AD, what man, at the age of 48, became the first man born in the province of Africa to hold the imperial throne?
Septimius Severus
457
What man was the first Etruscan king of Rome and the fifth overall to rule the city?
Tarquinius Priscus
458
Which king of Rome divided the citizens into classes based on wealth, established the cult of Diana at Rome, and conducted the first census?
Servius Tullius
459
At what battle in 197 BC did Titus Quinctius Flamininus decisively defeat the forces of the Macedonian ruler Philip V, thus ending the Second Macedonian War?
Battle of Cynoscephalae
460
Of the four emperors of 69 AD, whose rule was the shortest?
Otho’s
461
The Lex Sacrata, the law which established the office of tribune, was established after which event in 494/493 BC in which the plebeian class fled Rome to the Mons Sacer?
First Secession of the Plebs
462
At what battle in 105 BC, the worst Roman defeat since the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC, did a joint force of Cimbri and Teutones defeat the Romans along the banks of the Rhône?
Arausio (Orange)
463
Which Roman general first became consul in 107 BC and led the war against Jugurtha?
(Gaius) Marius
464
After coming into Italy from the Alps, this Carthaginian leader defeated the Romans in three major battles between 218 and 216 BC. Name him.
Hannibal (Barca)
465
Whom did Marius appoint to negotiate the surrender of Jugurtha?
Sulla
466
Which tribune was responsible for the exile of Cicero in 58 B.C.?
Clodius
467
In which year did Diocletian abdicate?
305 A.D.
468
What man was prophesized to become king of Rome after his head burst into flames?
Servius Tullius
469
What man was appointed Praetorian Prefect in 15 AD by the emperor Tiberius?
Lucius Aelius Sejanus
470
According to legend, one of Numa Pompilius’ first acts as king was to build a temple to which god as an indicator of whether Rome was at peace or at war?
Janus
471
Which Roman emperor was called Verissimus as a child in the court of the emperor Hadrian?
Marcus Aurelius
472
Which man’s rise to the imperial throne in the third century AD was facilitated by his grandmother Julia Maesa and his mother, Julia Soaemias?
Elagabalus
473
What Roman general, the brother of one Roman emperor and the father of another, died in Syria in 19 A.D.?
Germanicus
474
What Roman general sacked Numantia in 133 B.C.?
Scipio Aemilianus
475
What Roman commander, born a peasant in Dalmatia, became sole emperor after defeating Carinus at Margus River in 284 A.D.?
Diocletian
476
Which emperor of Rome created the Praetorian Guard?
Augustus
477
Which king of Rome, son of the Corinthian merchant Demaratus and an Etruscan woman, became aware he was destined for greatness at Rome when an eagle snatched a cap off his head and then returned it?
Tarquinius Priscus
478
While Trajan’s campaigns in Dacia are certainly more famous, which earlier emperor also fought against the Dacians?
Domitian
479
To which consul did the senate grant nearly limitless power in order to suppress Gaius Gracchus and his supporters?
Lucius Opimius
480
Though he had only one successor, Tiberius had adopted two heirs. One just had the other killed. Name both heirs.
Caligula and Tiberius Gemellus
481
Which queen earned the Romans’ enmity when she refused to cease the state-sponsorship of piracy in the Adriatic sea?
Teuta
482
Which king, who (according to tradition) ruled Rome between 715 and 673 BC, is also said to have established the cult of Vesta and other religious matters?
Numa (Pompilius)
483
Although Augustus’ struggle to become sole ruler was largely against Marc Antony, Augustus preferred to present the final war as against an eastern ruler. Who?
Cleopatra
484
What mercenary soldiers, who called themselves “Sons of Mars,” drew the Romans into the First Punic War?
Mamertines
485
When the plebs succeeded for the fifth and final time, to what hill of Rome did they go?
Janiculan
486
Which Roman monarch is said to have refused to buy the full set of Sibylline books only to purchase a part of them for a greater price later.
Tarquin the Proud/Tarquinius Priscus
487
What king of Pontus’ forces were defeated by Sulla defeat at several battles in 86 BC?
Mithridates
488
This emperor, born at Lugdunum in Gaul in 10 BC, was the first emperor born outside of Italy.
Claudius
489
Which king of Mauretania betrayed Jugurtha to the Romans in 105 BC?
Bocchus (I)
490
What emperor held a fake invasion of Britain in which he had his soldiers collect sea shells instead of going to war?
Caligula
491
What nephew of the emperor Tiberius recovered the legionary standards lost by Varus?
Germanicus
492
After the loss of the First Punic War, what Carthaginian general went to Spain to build an empire for Carthage?
Hamilcar (Barca)
493
What Roman general captured Syracuse in 211B.C.?
(M. Claudius) Marcellus
494
The First Samnite War resulted from Rome’s alliance with what city?
Capua
495
Which young emperor did Stilico serve as general?
Honorius
496
Which emperor of 69 AD was made emperor in Spain?
Galba
497
Who was Caesar’s second wife?
Pompeia
498
Like many others, Cicero was executed in what type of sanctioned manhunt whereby a price is put on the heads of the condemned whose English name is Latin-derived?
Proscription
499
What war did Rome fight because they refused to grant full citizenship to their Italian allies?
Social or Marsic War
500
Which king of the Vandals invaded Rome in 455 AD?
Gaiseric
501
Which Roman king does Plutarch say was born on the day of the founding of Rome?
Numa Pompilius
502
The generals Suetonius Paulinus and Aulus Plautius conquered provinces for which Julio-Claudian emperor?
Claudius
503
Name 2 of the 3 sons of Constantine the Great that served as Roman emperor.
Constantine II, Constantius II, Constans
504
What office did Crassus hold in 65 BC, although he resigned along with his colleague because they could not resolve their differences, thus abandoning their eighteen month appointment?
censor
505
Which early Roman was descended from the Roman king Ancus Marcius and earned the corona civica at the battle of Lake Regillus?
Coriolanus
506
Which two men tried to co-exist in the imperial palace on the Palatine Hill by installing separate entrances and blocking all interconnecting passages, thus spurning their father’s advice of “Agree with each other”?
Caracalla & Geta
507
The First Punic War probably would have ended fifteen years before it actually did if not for the punitively harsh surrender terms demanded by what Roman leader?
Marcus Atilius Regulus
508
Which Roman emperor was born on November 17 of 9 AD near Reate in the Sabine country near Rome? He was the first Roman emperor not to have been born a patrician.
Vespasian
509
What emperor of Rome died while fighting the Parthians in 363 A.D.?
Julian
510
What king of Dacia fought two wars against the Roman Empire?
Decebalus
511
What law of 445 B.C. legalized marriages between Plebeians and Patricians?
Lex Canuleia
512
What emperor of Rome was defeated by Decius near Verona in 248 A.D.?
Philip the Arab
513
What Numidian ally of Rome aided Scipio Africanus during his African campaign and was made king of Numidia following Carthage’s defeat at Zama in 202 BC?
Massinissa
514
Which two men were appointed emperors by the senate after the deaths of the first two Gordian emperors?
Balbinus and Pupienus
515
What building, consecrated in 9 BC, celebrates Augustus’ victories in Spain and Gaul?
Ara Pacis
516
In what war, fought from 41-40 BC, did Marc Antony’s wife Fulvia and brother Lucius attempt to make Marc Antony the sole ruler of Rome?
Perusine War
517
What Praetorian Prefect was declared emperor by his troops after the murder of Probus by his troops in 282 A.D.?
Carus
518
At what battle in 36 B.C. did Octavian's fleet defeat Sextus Pompey?
Naulochus
519
History isn’t always about battles and war; sometimes it’s laws about love. Name the important law of 445 BC that allowed plebeians and patricians to marry.
Lex Canuleia
520
Which emperor celebrated the 1000th anniversary of Rome’s foundation?
Philip the Arab
521
Marius was famous for being consul seven times. Name the years of his first and last consulship.
107 BC and 86 BC
522
Julius Vindex revolted against Nero in support of Galba’s ascension to the imperial power, but his revolt was put down by this commander in Germania Superior.
Verginius Rufus
523
Sulla fought Mithridates in Greece. What famed city did he capture and sack in 86 BC?
Athens
524
During whose reign did the Romans capture Ctesiphon in 164 AD?
Marcus Aurelius
525
Name the general who captures Tigranocerta for Nero in 59 AD.
Corbulo
526
During his first consulship, this famous Roman was given a command against Mithridates only to have it stripped away in the same year and given to his elderly rival. Who was this “unfortunate “ consul of 88 BC?
Sulla
527
During which emperor’s reign was Marcus Aurelius born?
Hadrian’s (121 AD)
528
What with one praetorian prefect plotting to become emperor and another smothering an emperor - it can make an emperor nervous! How did Vespasian solve the loyalty problem of the Praetorian Prefect position?
He appointed his son Titus to the position
529
What event did Romans of the late Republic think the regifugium celebrated?
The expulsion of Tarquin the Proud
530
What Roman commander brought an army to the straits of Messana to help the Mamertines in 264 BC?
Appius Claudius Caudex
531
At what battle in 268 AD did the Romans decisively defeat the Goths
Naissus (Nis/Nish)
532
What sea-faring people on the coast of Gaul does Caesar campaign against in 56 BC?
Veneti
533
What nation did Marcus Antonius invade in 36 BC?
Parthia
534
What Caesar of the Tetrarchy did Constantine join on campaign against the Persians in Mesopotamia?
Galerius
535
What Roman reformer wanted to give Roman citizenship to the Italians in 91 BC?
(M.) Livius Drusus (the Younger)
536
Whom did Hadrian appoint proconsul of Asia in 135 AD, a position in which he showed such administrative acumen that Hadrian subsequently put him on the imperial council?
Antoninus Pius
537
What city’s request for help in defending the Sidicini in 343 BC started the First Samnite War?
Capua
538
Against what Celtic tribe does Caesar first make war in the first book of the Bellum Gallicum?
Helvetians
539
Which city of Magna Graecia, a former Spartan colony, appealed to Pyrrhus in 281BC to protect them against the Romans?
Tarentum
540
The loyalty and vigilance of the Praetorian Prefect Marcius Turbo helped what emperor spend more than half of his nearly twenty-one year reign traveling the provinces?
Hadrian
541
The Battle of Sentinum was the decisive battle in which of the Samnite wars?
The Third Samnite War
542
What Roman supporter of Marius took control of Spain for a decade after Sulla’s capture of Rome?
(Quintus) Sertorius
543
What emperor, according to Suetonius, said “Vae, puto deus fio” on his death bed?
Vespasian
544
In what year did the 3rd Samnite War begin?
198 BC
545
At what battle of 340 AD did Constans defeat Constantine II?
Aquileia
546
What praetorian prefect plotted to make himself emperor during Tiberius’ withdrawal to the island of Capri?
(Aelius) Sejanus
547
At what battle was Hasdrubal, brother of Hannibal, killed?
Metaurus River
548
For ten years beginning in 149 BC, this Lusitanian led a guerilla war against Rome. Name him.
Viriathus
