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Classics Warfare culture > Roman Organisation & Military Command > Flashcards

Roman Organisation & Military Command Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key factors for successful command?

A
  • Clear chain of Command
  • Fighting alongside comrades
  • Support roles
  • Strategic commander
  • Detached commander
  • Inspirational commander
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2
Q

How many legions were there in the Imperial Period, and what was a legion made up of?

A

30 legions

  • Made up of 10 cohorts
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3
Q

How many men made up each section of the Roman Military?

A

Cohort- 480 men
Century- 80 men and led by a Centurion
Contuberniam- 8 men

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4
Q

Who was the legatus?

A
  • Roman commander of whole legion
  • Rich politican, not a soldier
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5
Q

Who was the camp prefect?

A
  • Roman
  • In charge of day-to-day running of legion
  • Most senior professional soldier in the legion
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6
Q

What is a Tribune?

A
  • Roman junior managers
  • Young men who would spend some time in the army before going back to Rome to be politicians
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7
Q

What is an optio?

A

The centurions second in command

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8
Q

What is a Tesserarius?

A

Roman commander of the watch- in charge of organising guards and passwords

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9
Q

What is the Primi Ordines?

A
  • What the centurions of the First Cohort were known as
  • The most senior of these Centurions would be known as the Primus Pilus
  • The Primus Pilus would join the most senior commanders of the legion in war councils
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10
Q

What were some support roles in the Roman army?

A

Cornicen- a horn player

Signifer- A standard bearer

Aquilifer- Responsible for carrying legions emblem into battle

Equites Legionis- cavalry unit of a Roman legion

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11
Q

What was the Principia?

A
  • HQ of a Roman Legionary fortress
  • Included a courtyard with a notice board, a meeting hall, offices for admin work and a small temple
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12
Q

What is a Praetorium?

A
  • Like a luxury villa in a Legionary Fortress, for the legatus to live in
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13
Q

Who appointed the Legatus, what experience would he have, and how long would he stay in position for?

A
  • Appointed by the Emperor
  • Would have had some experience in the legions, as a Tribunus Laticlavius
  • Serve for 3 or 4 years
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14
Q

How did a Camp prefect get his role, and what would he do?

A
  • He would have worked his way up to the position by proving his ability and dedication, first as a soldier, then as centurion, Primi Ordines then Primus Pilus
  • Contributed to strategic councils and responsible for overseeing legion’s equipment and transport
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15
Q

How did someone become a Centurion?

A
  • Reward for serving well
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16
Q

What did Vegetius say about Centurions?

A

’ Chosen for his expertness in all the exercises’

17
Q

What were those with special skills called in the Roman army?

A

Immunes
- A regular soldier might train to develop a skill the help the Legion such as carpenter, engineer, hunter
- In return they’d be exempt from tasks such as road-building or ditch-digging

18
Q

What was a signum?

A
  • Each century had one
  • Typically a series of discs or medals on a pole, topped with an open hand (representing military oath) or laurel wreath (representing military victory)
19
Q

What was an aquila?

A
  • Each legion had one
  • In the shape of an eagle
    -Represented the spirit of the legion, and to lose it was a deep disgrace
20
Q

What tribunes would each legion have?

A

1 Tribunus Laticlavius

5 Tribune Angusticlavius

21
Q

Who were the Tribunus Laticlavius?

A
  • A man from a senatorial family in his early 20’s
  • No military background and probably a friend of the Legatus, who he was the second in command for
  • He would spend 2-3 years in the role before going back to Rome to become a politician
22
Q

Whe were the Tribunus Angusticlavii?

A
  • Men from equestrian families, usually with some experience in the military, serving in the cavalry
  • They had very little actual authority, but would sometimes command detachments of soldiers whilst on campaign
  • They were said to be lazy and not take their job seriously
23
Q

Where is the Chester Roman Legionary Fortress and when was it built?

A
  • Between Wales and Brigantia (both areas the Romans wanted to subdue)
  • Close to an estuary, making shipping convenient
  • First built in the 70’s AD
24
Q

Who did the Chester fortress house?

A

20th XX Valeria Vixtrix Legion

(20th Legion of the Victorious black eagle)

25
Q

What were purposes required from a Legionary Fortess?

A
  • Self Sufficiency
  • Health
  • Religion
  • Living Quarters
  • Entertainment
  • Military training
  • Communication
  • Defense
26
Q

How did CRLF provide self-sufficiency?

A
  • Grain, which was the main staple of Legionary’s diets was stored in granaries in the fortress
  • Had workshops, which would be used to build things such as armour, weapons and furniture
  • Horses were kept inside
27
Q

How did CRLF provide health?

A
  • Hospital available to treat minor injuries
  • Baths so soldiers could stay clean and healthy
  • Toilets were positioned above running water to remove waste
28
Q

How did CRLF provide religion?

A
  • Principia contained a small temple (but just for the Legatus)
29
Q

How did CRLF provide living quarters?

A

LEGATUS:
- Larger and more comfortable rooms for senior positions

  • Principia contained Legates’ accom

SOLDIERS:
- Each contuberniam would have 2 rooms- bedroom and communal space

30
Q

How did CRLF provide entertainment?

A
  • Communal baths, so soldiers would be able to socialise
  • Ampitheatre was available for entertainment
31
Q

How did CRLF provide military training?

A
  • Drill hall for legionaries to practice fighting techniques
  • Prison could teach discipline and inspire obedience in soldiers
  • Ampitheatre was available for training
32
Q

How did CRLF provide communication?

A
  • Well connected via roads, and tightly packed design
  • Principia had notice boards and meeting rooms
  • Ampitheatre was available for meetings

Classics Warfare culture (12 decks)

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