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Civil Law I > Roman vocabulary > Flashcards

Roman vocabulary Flashcards

(184 cards)

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1
Q

Augustus allowed sons to keep anything acquired during their military service

A

Peculium castrense

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2
Q

Freedom

A

Libertas

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3
Q

Citizenship

A

Civitas

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4
Q

Family

A

Familia

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5
Q

Rights and obligations for slave made contracts

A

Actio quod iussu; actio de peculio; actio tributa; actio institoria; actio exercitoria

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6
Q

Slave ‘marriage’

A

Contubernium

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7
Q

Things owned by no one (land; air…)

A

Res communes (J.2.1.1)

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8
Q

Things owned by all - the property of collectivity itself

A

G.2.11; res publicae (J.2.1.2)

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9
Q

Things belonging to societies

A

Res universitatis (J.2.1.6)

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10
Q

Things belonging to no one

A

Res nullius

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11
Q

Things belonging to the Gods

A

Res sacrae (J.2.1.8)

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12
Q

Things to do with religion (burial land…)

A

Res religiosae (J.2.1.9)

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13
Q

Things that are sanctified (gates; walls to city)

A

Res sanctae (J.2.1.10)

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14
Q

Action for the dominus

A

Ad exhibendum; Rei vindicatio

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15
Q

Defendant bonitary owner’s action in the Actio Publiciana

A

Exceptio venditae et traditae

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16
Q

Claimant bonitary owner’s action in the Actio Publiciana

A

Replicatio venditae et traditae to the dominus’ eccepito iusit dominii

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17
Q

Possessory interdicts

A

Quorom bonorum - acquisition
Utrubi (movables) and uti possidetis (land) - retainment
Utrubi (movables); unde vi (immovables) and unde vi armata (immovables with arms) - regaining

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18
Q

The first taker of a res nullius acquires dominium.

A

Occupatio

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19
Q

Abandoned property

A

Res derelictae

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20
Q

Wild animals

A

Ferae naturae

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21
Q

Tame animals

A

Domitae naturae

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22
Q

Mixing two objects where there is no principal and accessory (eg. wine)

A

Confusio (J.2.1.27) - actio communi dividundo

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23
Q

Mixing two objects together which are easily separable (eg. sheep)

A

Commixtio (J.2.1.28)

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24
Q

Attaching two objects together which are easily separable (eg. wheel to chariot)

A

Adiunctio

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25
Where silt builds up on land
Alluvio (G.2.70) - new owner
26
Where a torrent detaches land
Avulsio (G.2.71) - old owner until roots
27
Where an island appears
Insula nata - in the sea: new owner by occupatio - in the river: bank division
28
Where D builds on X's land with his own materials
Bad faith: gift to X. Good faith: - in possession: D has exceptio doli for materials' value. - out of possession: no remedy until late Empire.
29
Where D builds on his own land with X's materials
Bad faith: X has actio de tigno iniucto (double value) Good faith: - in possession: X has vindicatio when house collapses. - out of possession: D has vindicatio but must pay value of materials or X can use exceptio doli.
30
Where D sows his seeds on X's land
Bad faith: gift to X. Good faith: - in possession: D has exceptio doli. - out of possession: no remedy.
31
Thread
Textura - thread accedes to garment.
32
Writing
Scriptura - writing accedes to parchment (G.2.77)
33
Painting
Pictura - tablets accede to painting (G.2.78)
34
Where D (owner of principal) attaches the two res
Bad faith: X has actio furti Good faith: - in possession: no remedy until late Empire. - out of possession: X has exceptio doli.
35
Where D (owner of the accessory) attaches the two res
Bad faith: gift to X. Good faith: - in possession: D has exceptio doli. - out of possession: no remedy.
36
The merging of two or more res to create a nova species
Specificatio
37
Where the creator of the nova species is the owner.
Bad faith: X has actio furti but D keeps res. Good faith: - in possession: no remedy. - out of possession: X has exceptio doli.
38
Where the creator of the nova species is not the owner.
Bad faith: gift to X. Good faith: - in possession: D has exceptio doli. - out of possession: D has no remedy.
39
The transfer of ownership through delivery.
Traditio
40
"Pointing" delivery
Traditio longa manu
41
"Already delivered and keeping" delivery
Traditio brevu manu
42
"No delivery because seller keeps res" delivery
Constitutum possessiorum
43
"Metaphorical" delivery
Traditio symbolica
44
Errors in traditio
In corpore; in persona; in nomine...
45
A deposit where the owner cannot be traced
Thesauri inventio (D.41.1.31.1)
46
Imperial treasury
Fiscus
47
Ownership upon severance of the principal and accessory
Separatio - for bona fide possessor and emphyteuta
48
Ownership upon gathering of the accessory
Perceptio - for the colonus and the usufructuary
49
The transfer of res mancipi
Mancipatio
50
Action where the transferor did not have title to transfer
Actio auctoritatis
51
Action where the size of the land was overstated
Actio de modo agri
52
The transfer of res mancipi before a magistrate
Cessio in iure (G.2.24)
53
The acquisition of ownership by continued possession
Usucapio (D.41.3.3)
54
The adding of time of possession
Accessio temporis
55
The tainting of property by theft or violence
Vitium
56
Lengthy prescription of provincial land
Longi temporis praescriptio - 20 years/10 years
57
Very lengthy prescription of provincial land
Longissimi temporis praescriptio - 40 years
58
Division or adjustment of property
Adiudicatio - actio comuni dividendo; actio familia escirescunda; actio finium regundorum
59
The action for delimiting boundaries between neighbours
Actio finium regundorum
60
Acquisition of property through gifts
Donatio
61
Anything acquired by the bona fide serviens through its labour belonged to the dominus
Ex re dominii
62
A false 'slave'
Bona fide serviens
63
Rights a person had by virtue of owning land
Praedial servitudes
64
Praedial servitudes relating to land
Rustic praedial servitudes - iter - actus - via - aquae ductus
65
No force; no secrecy and no permission
Nec vi; nec clam; nec precario
66
The action to claim the existence of a servitude
Actio confessoria
67
The action to negate the existence of a servitude
Actio negatoria
68
Praedial servitudes relating to buildings
Urban praedial servitudes
69
Personal servitude allowing the use and enjoyment of the things of another
Usufructuary (D.7.1.1) - quasi-usufruct for perishables.
70
Personal servitude allowing the use of the property but not the taking of fruits
Usus
71
Personal servitude allowing the right to live in a house.
Habitatio
72
Tha actions for the receiver of the personal servitude
Actio confessoria; actio furti (for stolen property); actio utilis (for damaged property).
73
The actions for the dominus/the giver of the personal servitude
Actio negatoria; the actio on the contract of the cautio
74
Long leasholder
Emphyteuta
75
Contractual proprietary interest for building purposes
Superficies
76
Contractual proprietary interest for surety - type of mortgage
Pignus
77
Mistakes in contracts
Error in negotio (eg. thought sale, but was loan). Error in corpore (eg. thought sale of X, but was sale of Y). Error in persona (eg. thought sale to X, but was sale to Y). Error in substantia (eg. essential quality)
78
Action for fraud
Actio doli; excepito doli
79
Action for duress
Actio quod metus causa; exceptio metus
80
Real contracts
Contracts re
81
Delay in contracts
Mora
82
Strict liability for all loss not attributable to vis maior
Custodia
83
Intentionally wrongful acts
Dolus
84
Gross fault and negligence
Culpa lata (dolo aequiparatur)
85
Failure to show exacta diligentia of a bonus paterfamilias
Culpa levis in abstracto
86
Failure to show exacta diligentia of one's self
Culpa levis in concreto
87
Solemn declaration of the composition of a dowry
Dotis diction
88
Solemn oath by a freedman to his patron after manumission
Iusiurandum liberti
89
Formal verbal contract
Stipulatio
90
Action for a sum of money following a stipulation
Condictio certae pecuniae
91
Action for a specific thing following a stipulation
Condictio triticaria
92
Action for any act or abstention following a stipulation
Actio ex stipulatu
93
A debt owed to one lender is promised to another lender
Adstipulatio
94
A debt is to be paid by another
Adpromissio
95
The written contract
Contract litteris
96
Gratuitous loan for consumption
Mutuum - dominium of thing
97
Action for the transferor in a mutuum contract
``` Actio certae pecuniae (money-loan) Condictio triticaria (other fungibles) ```
98
Gratuitous loan of corporeal thing for use
Commodatum - detentio of thing
99
Action for the borrower in commodatum
Actio commodati contraria and the ius retentionis
100
Action for the lender in commodatum
Actio commodati directa
101
The giving of a movable to be kept safely.
Depositum - detention of the thing
102
Deposit in times of stress
Depositum miserabile - double damages
103
Joint deposit
Depositum sequestratio - allowed possessio
104
Deposit of money with a banker
Depositum irregulare - allowed dominium
105
Action for the depositor
Actio depositi directa - and infamia results
106
Action for the depositee
Actio depositi contraria and the ius retentionis
107
Sale
Emptio venditio
108
Thing
Merx
109
Conditional sale for something expected
Emptio rei speratae
110
Sale of 'chance'
Emptio spei
111
Price
Pretum - had to be certum and verum
112
Action where the price was not determined in a sale
Actio praescriptis verbis
113
Principle where the sale of land was fixed at less than half the fair market price
Laesio enormis
114
Stipulations for guarantee against eviction in sale
``` Stipulatio duplae (for double price) Stipulatio habere licere (for indemnity) ```
115
Defects which the buyer was aware of or were obvious
Patent defects
116
Let the buyer beware
Caveat emptor
117
Defects which the buyer was unaware of or were not obvious
Latent defects
118
Aedilician action for serious defects in slaves or pecus
Actio redhibitoria (within 6 months for full price with interest)
119
Aedilician action for less serious defects in slaves in pecus
Actio quanti moris (within 1 year for difference in value)
120
Action for the seller in a sale
Actio venditi (damages on seller's interest in sale taking place)
121
Action for buyer in a sale
Actio empti (damages based on buyer's interest in sale taking place and consequential loss) Exceptio adimpleti contractus where delivery has not occurred.
122
Letting and hiring
Locatio conductio
123
Hire of thing
Locatio conductio rei - conductor allows locator to use thing.
124
Hire of services
Locatio conductio operarum - locator placed his services at disposal of conductor.
125
Hire of piece of work
Locatio conductio operis - locator placed thing with conductor for him to do some work.
126
Action for hiring and letting
Locator: actio locati Conductor: actio conducti
127
One person requests another to something gratuitously
Mandatum
128
Action for mandate
Mandator: actio mandati directa and infamia Mandatarius: actio mandati contraria with cognitivo extraordinaria for remuneration.
129
The union of funds, skill or labour
Societas - societas unius rei (for a single transaction) - societas alicuius negotiationis (in particular business) - societas omnium bonorum qua ex quaestu veniunt (all businesses) - societas omnium bonorum (all assets)
130
Actions for a partnership
Actio pro socio and the actio communi dividundo
131
Exchange or barter
Permutatio
132
Brokage (sell or return)
Aestimatum - actio aestimatoria?
133
Grant at will of permissive occupancy of land in early law and gratuitous grant of anything in later law.
Precarium
134
Compromise in a legal dispute
Transactio
135
Actions for the innominate contracts
Actio in factum | Actio praescriptis verbis
136
Pact not to sue
Acceptilatio - has the exceptio pacti
137
Pacts to vary obligations
Pacta adiecta
138
Unofficial contracts
Pacta vestitia
139
Conducting of another's affairs without their authorisation
Negotiorum gestio
140
Actions for the negotiorum bestie
Dominus: actio negotiorum gestio directa. Gestor: actio negotiorum gestio contraria.
141
Restitution where there has been an error in payment
Condictio indebiti certae pecuniae (for money) Condictio indebiti triticaria (for things) Condictio incerti (release from obligation) Condictio furtiva (where the receiver is mala fides)
142
Wrongful property damage
Damnum iniuria datum under the lex Aquilia
143
Positive damages
Damnum emergens
144
Loss of profit
Lucrum emergens
145
Action for damnum iniuria datum
Actio legis aquliae (double damages)
146
Death to property
Chapter I - killing/occidere
147
Damage to property
Chapter III - burning, breaking or spoiling/tearing asunder - urere, frangere, rumpere/corrumpere
148
By the body to the body
Corpore corpori
149
By the body not to the body
Corpore non corpori (eg. knocking coins)
150
To the body not by the body
Corpori non corpore (eg. poison)
151
Not by the body not to the body
Nec corpore nec corpori (eg. release slave)
152
Supplementary actions where the action directly on the lex Aquilia would fail
Actio in factum | Actio utilis
153
The guilt would follow the individual
Noxa caput sequitur
154
Action for damage by animals
``` Actio de pauperie (domitae naturae) Edictum de feris (ferae naturae) Actio utilis (not four-footed animals) ```
155
Interference with property
Contrectatio
156
Of a thing, its use or possession
Of a merx; usus; or possessionis
157
Intentional dishonesty (dolus) and no consent in theft
Fraudulosa
158
Theft
Furtum
159
Intent to steal
Animus furandi
160
Intent to make a gain/profit
Animus lucrandi
161
Actions for theft
Actio furti manifesti (fourfold damages) Actio furti nec manifesti (twofold damages) Vindicatio Condictio furtiva
162
Theft by receiving
Actio furti concepti (threefold damages)
163
Theft by planting
Actio furti oblati (threefold damages)
164
Theft by prohibition
Actio furti prohibiti (fourfold damages)
165
Robbery
Rapina
166
Action for robbery
Actio vi bonorum raptorum (threefold damages)
167
Delict of outrage
Iniuria
168
Disrespect/insult
Contumelia
169
Against good morals
Contra bonos mores
170
An intent to insult
Animus iniurandi
171
The action for outrage
Actio iniuriarum (plaintiff assesses own damages)
172
Aggravation
Atrocitas to make iniuria atrox (praetor assesses damages) - e facto - e persona - location
173
Delict of fraud
Dolus
174
Actions for fraud
``` Restitutio in integrum Exceptio doli Actio doli (where fraud caused loss) ```
175
Delict of duress
Metus
176
Actions for duress
Restitutio in integrum Exceptio metus Actio quod metus causa (where duress caused loss)
177
Delict of corrupting a slave
Servi corruptio
178
Action for the corruption of a slave
Actio servi corruptio (twofold damages and consequential loss)
179
Judge who makes the case his own
Iudex litem suam facit - actio in factum
180
Action for things thrown or poured
Actio de rebus effusis vel deiectis (twofold damages)
181
Action for things placed or suspended
Actio de posito et suspenso (ten solidi)
182
Action for shippers, innkeepers and stablekeepers
Actio in factum (twofold damages)
183
Accomplice liability
Ope et consilio
184
No one can give what he does not have
Nemo dat quod non habet

Civil Law I (12 decks)

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