Rome

Question 1

when did the roman empire begin?

Answer 1

31 BC

Question 2

Who was the first Roman Emperor

Answer 2

Augustus Julius Caesar, also known as Octavian and Octavius

Question 3

Who was the last roman emperor

Answer 3

Romulus Augustus

Question 4

When did Rome fall

Answer 4

Rome (and the western roman empire), fell in 476 AD during the sacking of rome

Question 5

When did the eastern roman empire fall?

Answer 5

1453 AD. when the ottomans sacked Constantinople

Question 6

When was Augustus born? what were his names?

Answer 6

he was born in 63 BC, adopted by julius caesar. He was called augustus, Octavian, Octavius, nad

Question 7

What is the Aeneid and who wrote it

Answer 7

the Aeneid is a roman epic written by the poet Virgil, that tells of the founding of Rome by the trojan hero aeneas.

Question 8

Who are the members of the Julio-claudian dynasty

Answer 8

Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero

Question 9

Who were the members of the Flavian dynasty

Answer 9

Vespasianus, Titus, and Domitian

Question 10

Who were the five great Emperors

Answer 10

the five great emperors were Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, and Marcus Aurelius, all famous for continuing rome’s golden age by ruling fairly and making smart decisions

Question 11

Which Emperor is credited with ending Rome’s golden age

Answer 11

Commodus. He grew egotistical and insane and attempted to rename rome after himself, but was eventually killed.

Question 12

Who was the first Emperor to be killed in battle, and who was the first to be captured

Answer 12

Decius and Valerian. Decius was killed by the Goths, and Valerian was kidnapped and used as a footstool by the Sasanians.

Question 13

what was the name of the Goth who lead the sacking of Rome

Answer 13

Odoacer, a German chieftain. After seizing Rome he demanded a huge portion of their treasury and refused to be crowned the next Emperor.

Question 14

what were pastorals

Answer 14

A genre of literature popularized by Virgil, that idolized the countryside and agricultural life.

Question 15

what is the Ara pacis augstae

Answer 15

an open air, square monument designed to be walked into. Inside were carvings depicting significant events from roman history, and showing Augustus and his family. It was meant to inspire pride in one’s city and history.

Question 16

what were roman statues of the emperors like?

Answer 16

They often depicted them with childlike faces to show immortality, large feet like gods, bare feet to show humbleness, and they were often not depicted nude but instead in military armor.

Question 17

Describe Augustus’s focus on roman values

Answer 17

Augustus wanted to revive roman cultural values. To do this he exacted harsher punishments for adultery and made it a punishable offence, made a bachelor tax, and made adultery punishable by the state. He also focused on religion, and revived many roman festivals and returned to deifying the emperor.

Question 18

Which apostle spread the word of Christ to the gentiles

Answer 18

Paul spread the messages to the bible to the Greeks and Romans.

Question 19

What is the Pax Deorum

Answer 19

the peace of the gods. It was a term used to describe the relationship between the romans and their gods, who they needed to worship to ensure peace and prosperity.

Question 20

What was the council of Nicaea

Answer 20

The first Christian council, called together by the Emperor Constantine. It was held in Iznik, Turkey in 325. Several of the early church fathers met and discussed important ideas like the nature of Christ, where it was decided he was equal to the father and both fully human and fully divine. Arius was expelled for his beliefs

Question 21

Who was the first Emperor to convert to Christianity?

Answer 21

Constantine the great

Question 22

which roman Christian wrote about the fall of Rome?

Answer 22

St. Augustine

Question 23

Who were the Dacians?

Answer 23

A people living in eastern europe. Fought with the romans but sued for peace, only to attempt to fight again. After their second defeat, their land was colonized by the Romans and turned into Romania and Albania.

Question 24

What was Constantinople called before and after?

Answer 24

it was previously called Byzantium, and would later be called Istanbul

Question 25

what is the name for the straight connecting the Mediterranean to the black sea?

Answer 25

the Bosporus

Question 26

What was the crisis of the third century

Answer 26

the end of the roman golden age, multiple civil wars, and the first deaths and captures of roman emperors. Rome lost a lot of land and power. It was ended by Diocletian, who divided Rome to make ruling it more effective and to resolve multiple conflicts at once.

Question 27

what was the crisis of the republic?

Answer 27

The crisis that lead to the birth of the Roman Empire. Augustus emerged victorius from a civil war with Mark Antony, and became the first Emperor, although he was never called that during his lifetime.

Question 28

what was the importance of gladiators and the colosseum to Rome?

Answer 28

The Colosseum was a place for entertainment for the roman people. They watched gladiator matches where people fought each other, but also human on animal matches and executions. It was a place where people could see their emperor in person and be entertained by bloodsport, but the places size and the deadly fights happening within were also meant to inspire fear and subservience the the emperor and it's power.

Question 29

Which roman emperor loved to fight in the colosseum?

Answer 29

Commodus. He fought on multiple occasions, which was viewed as undignified by many people of the time.

Question 30

when did mount Vesuvius erupt and bury pompei?

Answer 30

79 AD

Question 31

Who was tiberius?

Answer 31

Tiberius was the second roman emperor. He increased Rome's wealth 20fold but became violent and suspicious in his later years, eventually being killed after falling into a coma

Question 32

who was Caligula?

Answer 32

Caligula, meaning "little boot" was the third Roman Emperor. He squandered Rome's wealth on gladiator games and was accused on incest, eventually being killed by the praetorian guard

Question 33

who was Claudius?

Answer 33

Claudius was the fourth Roman Emperor. He gave Rome many new lands and restored the city. He was poisoned by his wife

Question 34

who was Nero?

Answer 34

Nero, was the fifth Roman Emperor. He was violent and tempermental, and accused of having burned down half the city. Eventually a rebellion in spain forced him to flee, but he was recognized and executed.

Question 35

what was the year of five Emperors?

Answer 35

the year of five Emperors was 193 AD, wherein five powerful generals all vied for power. Septimius Severus would be the one to come out victorious and be crowned Emperor

Question 36

what is the arch of titus?

Answer 36

the arch of Titus is a triumphal arch built by his younger brother, Emperor Domitian, to honour Titus and his fathers victory over the Jewish people in the Judean civil war.

Question 37

what's the difference between the virtues of Greek and Roman heroes?

Answer 37

Greek heroes were a lot more selfish and flawed, often working to serve their own interests and being willing to hurt or sacrifice other people. Roman heroes on the other hand were more similar to modern heroes, and were selfless and always willing to help those in need.

Question 38

what was the rebellion in Judea?

Answer 38

the rebellion in Judea was a war between the jews and the romans. Rome controlled the region and called it Judea at the time, and there was a great revolt. The Emperor Vespasian and his son Titus crushed the revolt and sieged Jerusalem, eventually destroying the second temple.

Question 39

what was the battle of Mulvian bridge?

Answer 39

a battle between Constantine and western roman emperor Maxentius. It's where Constantine claimed he was instructed by god to join him in exchange for victory. He did so, and won.

Question 40

who split rome first

Answer 40

The emperor Diocletian was the first to split rome. he made his friend maximian co-augustus, and constantinus and galerius caesars, and divided rome. Three of these men would rule over regions to the empire, and the fourth would remain in rome as a backup. the goal of the system was to self-perpetuate, so that every figure would elect another when they died.

Question 41

Who was Commodus?

Answer 41

Commodus was a roman emperor and the son of Marcus aurelias. When he gained power, he became a hedonist, known for being exceptionally cruel. He had statues made in his likeness depicting him as Hercules, and attempted to rename both Rome and all the months of himself. He was eventually strangled by his sparring partner after a failed poisoning.

Question 42

What did Commodus attempt to rename rome?

Answer 42

Colonia Commodiana, or "colony of Commodus"

Question 43

Who were the Sasanians?

Answer 43

an empire spanning a majority of the middle east that came into conflict with rome repeatedly.

Question 44

what made Christianity grow so fast in the roman empire?

Answer 44

Christianity was appealing to the poor with it's promises of rewards for good behavior and poverty, and it offered a more unified belief system and rules to live by.

Question 45

which emperor tried to restore paganism?

Answer 45

Julian the Apostate

Question 46

who was Augustus's daughter and what happened to her?

Answer 46

Julia was the daughter of Augustus. She committed adultery after her father had made laws to punish it harder, and so he had no choice but to exile her to the far regions of the empire.

Question 47

who was Agrippa?

Answer 47

Agrippa was the right hand man of Augustus, who had sided with him to win the crisis of the republic. He is credited with the construction of the roman pantheon.

Question 48

what column style was popularized by the Romans?

Answer 48

Corinthian. It's columns were fluted (lines of divots throughout the length), and had fancy capitals (tops) which often depicted leaves.

Question 49

what was the Edict of Milan?

Answer 49

a decree by Emperor Constantine making Christianity the official religion of Rome.

Question 50

which Emperor helped rebuild the roman pantheon

Answer 50

Hadrian. he even kept the initial inscription from Agrippa. It was later used as a church

Question 51

Describe the architectural feats of the Roman Pantheon.

Answer 51

The Roman pantheon is an architectural marvel. It is made up of lighter and lighter material the higher up in the building you go, and it's roof is a semicircle made up of 8 connecting arches. these arches connect to sections underneath where statues of the roman gods would've stood. A hole in the roof lets light and rainwater in, which floods into the slightly sloped middle and into the sewers.

Question 52

What are the baths of Carcalla?

Answer 52

A bunch of huge bathhouses idk man

Question 53

How far did the roman empire stretch at it's peak?

Answer 53

Scotland to Egypt to Mesopotamia

Question 54

who were the Arians?

Answer 54

A Christian sect who believed Jesus was below God the father, because there was a time where Jesus was not.

Question 55

why did rome fall?

Answer 55

Internal political corruption, a bad army, loss of territory to the Barbarians, and the christian religion weakening the desire to fight

Question 56

what is the Pax Romana?

Answer 56

the pax Romana was the roman golden age, starting in 27 BC with the reign of Augustus and ending in 180 AD with the death of Marcus Aurelius. It was during this period that Rome grew to it's largest size, and saw the creation of it's greatest artistic and philosophical works.