Rome Flashcards
(21 cards)
What cultural influences did the Etruscans and Greeks have on Rome?
Greeks shaped religion, art, and philosophy.
Etruscans: Introduced idea of monarchy
Government prior to the republic
-Before the Roman Republic, Rome was a monarchy, ruled by Estrucan kings
Class structure during the republic
-Plebeians-small land owning families
-Patricians-The rich
Struggle of the orders
A political conflict between plebeians and patricians for rights and representation..
How did Rome expand through Italy?
Military conquest, diplomacy, and offering citizenship to allies.
How did geography benefit Rome?
Its hills(7hills) provided defense and its location promoted trade.
What were the Twelve Tables?
Rome’s first written laws that provided legal transparency and equality.
Law of Nations
Rome expanded laws.
Legal principles applied to Romans and non-Romans, based on natural law.
Punic wars- causes and outcomes
Competition with Carthage for control over trade, especially Sicily.
Outcome:Rome defeated Carthage and became dominant in the western Mediterranean.
Organization of republican government:
senate
assemblies
Tribune of the Plebs
The council of pleb
The Senate- powerful body that influenced laws, finances, and foreign policy.
The Assemblies (Councils): allowed Roman citizens to participate in lawmaking, electing magistrates, and passing resolutions.
Tribunes of the Plebs: were elected by plebeians and had significant powers, such as vetoing actions harmful to the plebeians and protecting their rights.
The Council of the Plebs: assembly of plebeians, responsible for electing tribunes
What reforms did Tiberius Gracchus try to make?
Land redistribution to help the poor both were killed. TIberius killed by senators.
Marius impact on Roman society and governments
He allowed landless citizens to join the army and paid them. This led them to be loyal to generals and not Rome.
Sulla reforms and constitution
He marched his army into Rome and took control by force.Killed political enemies without trial and rewrote the constitution.
Roman constitution
It was an unwritten system of government, not a Formal document.
Julius caesar, how he came to power, reforms, downfall
Power:Through military success and civil war victory.
Reforms: Currency reform,
Streamlines bureaucracy,
Passed laws limiting slaves: Poor people could get jobs.
Downfall:Senators feared he aimed to become king so he was assassinated.
Who was Cincinnatus?
A Roman farmer who became a temporary dictator and gave up power.
Optimates vs Populares
Optimates: Senators who supported elite control and tradition.
Populares: Politicians who gained power through popular support and reforms. Supported publicans.
Slaves:Economic
Slaves replaced free labor in agriculture and industry, hurting small farmers and creating mass
unemployment in cities.
Slaves:Pollitical
The peblian class became frustrated and leaders such as the Graccius brothers emerged to try to solve these issues
Slaves: Socal
It widened the gap between rich and poor
First triumvirare
Political alliance between Julius Caesar, Pompei, and Crassus
