Root Flashcards

(306 cards)

1
Q

A/AN

A

: NOT / WITHOUT

  • **agnostic: **one who believes the existence of God is not provable
  • amoral: neither moral nor immoral; having no relation to morality
  • **anomaly: **an irregularity
  • **annoymous: **of unknown authorship or origin
  • **apathy: **lack of interest or emotion
  • **atheist: **one who does not believe in God
  • **atrophy: **the wasting away of body tissue
  • **atypical: **not typical
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2
Q

AB

A

OFF, AWAY, FROM, APART, DOWN

  • **abdicate: **to renounce or relinquish a throne
  • **abduct: **to take away by force
  • **abhor: **to hate, detest
  • **abject: **cast down; degraded
  • **abnormal: **deviating from a standard
  • **abolish: ** to do away with, make void
  • **abstinence: **forebearance from any indulgence of appetite
  • abstract: conceived apart from concrete realities, specific objectd, or actual instances
  • **abstruse: **hard to understand; secret, hidden
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3
Q

ABLE / IBLE

A

: CAPABLE OF, WORTHY OF

  • **changeable: **able to be changed
  • **combustible: ** capable of being burned; easily inflamed
  • **inevitable: **impossible to be avoided; certain to happen
  • **presentable: **suitable for being presented
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4
Q

AC / ACR

A

: SHARP, BITTER, SOUR

  • **acerbic: **sour or astringent in taste; harsh in temper
  • **acid: **something that is sharp, sour, or ill-natured
  • **acrimonious: **caustic, stinging, or bitter in nature
  • **acumen: **mental sharpness; quickness of wit
  • **exacerbate: **to increase bitterness or violence; aggravate
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5
Q

ACT / AG

A

: TO DO, TO DRIVE, TO FORCE, TO LEAD

  • **agile: **quick and well-coordinated in movement; active, lively
  • **agitate: **to move or force into violent, irregular actioin
  • **litigate: **to make the subject of a lawsuite
  • **pedagogue: **a teacher
  • **prodigal: **wastefully or recklessly extravagant
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6
Q

ACOU

A

: HEARING

  • **acoustic: **pertaining to hearing; sound made through mechanical, not electronic, means
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7
Q

AD

A

: TO, TOWARD, NEAR ( often the *d *is dropped and the first letter to which *a *is prefixed is doubled. )

  • **​accede: **to yield to a demand; to enter office
  • **adapt: **adjust or modify fittingly
  • **addict: **to give oneself over, as to a habit or pursuit
  • **address: **to direct a speech or written statement to
  • **adhere: ** to stick fast; cleave; cling
  • **adjacent: **near, close, or contigous; adjoining
  • **adjoin: **to be close or in contact with
  • **admire: **to regard with wonder, pleasure, and approval
  • advocate: to plead in favor of
  • **attract: **to draw either by physical force or by an appeal to emotions or senses
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8
Q

AL / ALI / ALTER

A

: OTHER, ANOTHER

  • **alias: **an assumed name; another name
  • **alibi: **the defense by an accused person that he was verifiably elsewhere at the time of the crime which he is charged
  • **alien: **one born in another country; a foreigner
  • **allegory: **figurative treatment of one subject under the guise of another
  • **alter ego: **the second self; a substitute or deputy
  • **alternative: **a possible choice
  • **altruist: **a person unselfishly concerned for the welfare of others
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9
Q

AM

A

: LOVE

  • **amature: **a person who engages in an activity for pleasure rather than financial or professional gain
  • **amatory: **of or pertaining to lovers or lovemaking
  • **amiable: **having or showing agreeable personal qualities
  • **amicable: **characterized by exhibiting good wiil
  • **amity: **friendship; peaceful harmony
  • **amorous: **inclined to love, esp. sexual love
  • **enamored: **inflamed with love; chramed; captivated
  • **inamorata: **a female lover
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10
Q

AMBI / AMPHI

A

: BOTH, ON BOTH SIDES, AROUND

  • **ambidextrous: **able to use both hands equally well
  • **ambient: **moving around freely; circulating
  • **ambiguous: **open to various interpretations
  • **amphibianL **any cold-blooded vertebrate, the larva of which is aquaitc and the adult of which is terrestrial; a personor thing having a twofold nature
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11
Q

AMBL / AMBUL

A

: TO GO , TO WALK

  • **ambulance: **a vehicle equipped for carrying sick people ( from a phrase meaning “walking hospital” )
  • **ambulatory: **of, pertaining to, or capable of walking
  • **perambulator: **one who makes a tour of inspection on foot
  • **preamble: **an introductory statment (originally: to walk in front )
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12
Q

ANIM

A

: OF THE LIFE, MIND, SOUL, BREATH

  • **animal: **a living being
  • **animosity: **a feeling of ill will or enmity
  • **equanimity: **mental or emotional stability, especially under tension
  • **magnanimous: **generous in forgiving an insult or injury
  • **unanimous: **of one mind; in complete accord
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13
Q

ANNUI / ENNI

A

: YEAR

  • **annals: **a record of events, esp. a yearly record
  • **anniversary: **the yearly recurrence of the date of a past event
  • **annual: **of, for, or pertaining to a year; yearly
  • **annuity: **a specific income payable at stated intervals
  • **perennial: **lasting for an indefinite amount of time
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14
Q

ANT / ANTE

A

: BEFORE

  • **antebellum: **before the war ( especially the American Civil War )
  • **antecedent: **existing, being, or going before
  • **antedate: **precede in time
  • **antediluvian: **belonging to the period before the biblical flood; very old or old-fashioned
  • **anterior: **placed before
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15
Q

ANTHORD / ANDR

A

: MAN, HUMAN

  • **androgen: **any substance that promotes masculine characteristics
  • **androgynous: **being both male and female
  • **android: **robot; mechanical human
  • **anthropocentric: **regarding humanity as the central fact of the universe
  • **anthropology: **the science that deals with the origins of humankind
  • **misanthrope: **one who hates humans or humanity
  • **philanderer: **one who carries on flirtations
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16
Q

ANTI

A

: AGAINST, OPPOSITE

  • **antibody: **a protein naturally existing in blood serum that reacts to overcome the toxic effects of an antigen
  • **antidote: **a remedy for counteracting the effects of poison, disease, etc
  • **antipathy: **aversion
  • **antipodal: **on the opposite side of the globe
  • **antiseptic: **free from germs; particularly clean or neat
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17
Q

APO

A

: AWAY

  • **apocalypse: **revelation; discovery; disclosure
  • **apocryphal: **of doubtful anthorship or authenticity
  • **apology: **an expression of one’s regret or sorrow for having wronged another
  • **apostasy: **a total desertion of one’s religion, principles, party, cause, etc.
  • **apostle: **one of the 12 disciples sent forth by Jesus to preach the Gospel
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18
Q

AQUA / AQUE

A

: WATER

  • **aquamarine: **a bluish-green color
  • **aquarium: **a tank for keeping fish and other underwater creatures
  • **aquatic: **having to do with water
  • **aqueduct: **a channel for transporting water
  • **subaqueous: **underwater
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19
Q

ARCH / ARCHI / ARCHY

A

: CHIEF, PRINCIPAL, RULER

  • **anarchy: **a state or society without government or law
  • **anchenemy: **chief enemy
  • **architect: **the devisor, maker, or planner of anything
  • **monarchy: **a government in which the supreme power is lodged in a sovereign
  • **oligarchy: **a state or society ruled by a select group
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20
Q

ARD

A

: TO BURN

  • **ardent: **burning; fierce; passionate
  • **ardor: **flame; passion
  • **arson: **the crime of setting property on fire
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21
Q

AUTO

A

​: SELF

  • **autocrat: **an absolute ruler
  • **automatic: **self-moving or self-acting
  • **autonomy: **independence or freedom
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22
Q

BE

A

: ABOUT, TO MAKE, TO SURROUND, TO AFFECT (OFTEN USED TO TRANFORM WORDS INTO TRANSITIVE VERBS)

  • **belie: **to misrepresent; to contradict
  • **belittle: **to make small; to make something appear smaller
  • **bemoan: **to moan for; to lament
  • **bewilder: **to confuse completely ( that is, to make one mentally wander )
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23
Q

BEL / BELL

A

: BEAUTIFUL

  • belle: a beautiful woman
  • **embellish: **to make beautiful; to ornament
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24
Q

BELL

A

​: WAR

  • **antebellum: **before the war ( especially the American Civil War )
  • **belligerent: **warlike, given to waging war
  • **rebel: ** a person who resists authority, control, or tradition
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25
**BEN / BENE**
**: GOOD** * **benediction: **act of uttering a blessing * **benefit: **anything advantageous to a person or thing * **benevolent: **desiring to do good to others * **benign: **having kindly disposition
26
**BI / BIN**
**: TWO** * **biennial: **happening every two years * **bilateral: **pertaining to or affecting two or both sides * **bilingual: **able to speak one's native language and another with equal facility * **binocular: **having two eyes * **combination****: **the joining of two or more things into a whole
27
**BON / BOUN**
**​: GOOD, GENEROUS** * **boan fide: **in good faith; without fraud * **bonus: **something given over and above what is due * **bountiful: **generous
28
**BREV / BRID**
**: SHORT , SMALL** * **abbreviate: **to shorten * **abridge: **to shorten * **brevity: ** an honorary promotion with no additoinal pay * **breviloquent: **laconic; concise in one's speech * **brevity: **shortness * **brief: **short
29
**BURS**
**: PURSE, MONEY** * **bursar: **treasurer * **bursary: **treasurer * **disburse: **to pay * **reimburse: **to pay back
30
**CAD / CID**
**: TO FALL, TO HAPPEN BY CHANCE** * **accident: **happening by chance; unexpected * **cascade: **a waterfall descending over a steep surface * **coincidence: **a striking occurence of two or more events at one time, apparently by chance * **decadent: **decaying; deteriorating * **recidivist: **one who repeatedly relapses, as into crime
31
**CANT / CENT / CHANT**
**: TO SING** * **accent: **prominence of a syllable in terms of pronunication * **chant: **a song; singing * **enchant: **to subject to magical influence; bewitch * **incantation: **the chanting of words purporting to have magical power * **incentive: **that which incites action * **recant: **to withdraw or disavow a statement
32
**CAP / CIP / CEPT**
**: TO TAKE, TO GET** * **anticipate: **to realize beforehand; foretaste or foresee * **capture: **to take by force or stratagem * **emancipate: **to free from restraint * **percipient: **having perception; discerning; discriminating * **precept: **a commandment or direction given as a rule of conduct * **susceptible: **capable of receiving, admitting undergoing, or being affected by something
33
**CAP / CAPIT / CIPIT**
**: HEAD, HEADLONG** * **capital: **the city or town that is the official seat of government * **capitulate: **to surrender unconditionally or on stipulated terms * **caption: **heading or title * **disciple: **one who is a pupil of the doctrines of another * **precipice: **a cliff with a vertical face * **precipitate: **to hasten the occurrence of; to bring about prematurely
34
**CARD / CORD / COUR**
**: HEART** * **cardiac: ** pertaining to the heart * **concord: **agreement; peace, amity * **concordance: **agreement, concord, harmony * **discord: **lack of harmony between persons ro things * **encourage: **to inspire with spirite or confidence
35
**CARN**
**: FLESH** * **carnage: **the slaugther of a great number of people * **carnival: **a traveling amusement show * **carnival: **eating flesh * **incarnation: **a being invested with a bodily form * **reincarnation: **rebirth of a soul in a new body
36
**CAST / CHAST**
**: TO CUT** * **cast****: **to throw or hurl; fling * **caste: **a hereditary social group, limited to people of the same rank * **castigate: **to punish in order to correct * **chaste: **free from obscenity; decent * **chastise: **to discipline, esp. by corporal punishment
37
**CAUS / CAUT**
**: TO BURN** * **caustic: **burning or corrosive * **cauterize: **to burn or deaden * **cautery: **an instrument used for branding; branding * **holocaust: **a burnt offering; complete destruction by fire or other means
38
**CED / CEED / CESS**
**: TO GO, TO YIELD, TO STOP** * **accede: **to yield to a demand; to enter office * **antecedent: **existing, being, or going before * **cessation: **a temporary or complete discontinuance * **concede: **to acknowledge as true, just, or proper; admit * **incessant: **without stop * **predecessor: **one who comes before another in an office, position, etc.
39
**CELER**
**: SPEED** * **accelerant: **something used to speed up a process * **accelerate: **to increase in speed * **celerate: **speed; quickness * **decelerate: **to decrease in speed
40
**CENT**
**: HUNDRED, HUNDREDTH** * **bicentennial: **two-hundredth anniversary * **cent: **a hundredth of a dollar * **centigrade: **a temperature system with one hudred degrees between the freezing and boiling points of water * **centimeter: **one hundredth of a meter * **centipede: ** a creature with many legs * **century: **one hundred years * **percent: **in every hundred
41
**CENTR**
**: CENTER** * **centrifuge: **an apparatus that rotates at high speed and separates substances of different densities using centrifugal force * **centrist: **of or pertaining to moderate political or social ideas * **concentrate: **to bring to a common center; to converge, to direct toward one point * **concentric: **having a common center, as in circles or spheres * **eccentric: **off-center
42
**CERN / CERT / CRET / CRIM / CRIT **
**: TO SEPARATE, TO DISTINGUISH, TO JUDGE, TO DECIDE** * **ascertain: **to make sure of; to determine * **certitude: **freedom from doubt * **criterion: **a standard of judgment or criticism * **discreet: **judicious in one's conduct of speech, esp. with regard to maintaining silence about something of a delicate nature * **discrete: **detached from others, separate * **hypocrite: **a person who pretends to have beliefs that she does not
43
**CHROM**
**: COLOR** * **chromatic: **having to do with color * **chrome: **a metallic element (chromium) used to make vivid colors or something plated with chromium * **chromosome: **genetic material that can be studied by coloring it with dyes * **monochromatic: **having only one color
44
**CHRON**
**: TIME** * **anachronism: **something that is out-of-date or belonging to the wrong time * **chronic: **constant, habitual * **chronology: **that sequential order in which past events occurred * **chronometer: **a highly accurate clock or watch * **synchronize: **to occur at the same time or agree in time
45
**CIRCU / CIRCUM**
**: AROUND** * **circuit: **a line around an area; a racecourse; the path traveled by eletrical current * **circuitous: **roundabout, indirect * **circumference: ** the outer boundary of a circular area * **circumspect: **cautious; watching all sides * **circumstances: ** the existing conditions or state of affairs surrounding and affecting an agent
46
**CIS**
**: TO CUT** * **exorcise: **to seek to expel an evil spirit by ceremony * **incision: **a cut, gash, or notch * **incisive: **penetrating, cutting * **precise: **definitely stated or defined * **scissors: **cutting instrument for paper
47
**CLA / CLO / CLU**
**: TO SHUT, TO CLOSE** * **claustrophobia: **an abnormal fear of enclosed places * **cloister: **a courtyard bordered with covered walks, esp. in a religious insitution * **conclude: **to bring to an end; finish; to terminate * **disclose: **to make know, reveal, or uncover * **exclusive: **not admitting of something else; shutting out others * **preclude: **to prevent the presence, existence, or ocurrence of
48
**CLAIM / CLAM**
**​: TO SHOUT, TO CRY OUT ** * **clamor: **a loud uproar * **disclaim: **to deny interest in or connection with * **exclaim:** to cry out or speak suddenly and vehemently * **proclaim:** to announce or declare in an official way * **reclaim:** to claim or demand the return of a right or possesion
49
**CLI**
**: TO LEAN TOWARD** * **climax: **the most intense point in the development of something * **decline**: to cause to slope or incline downward * **disinclination**: aversion, distate * **proclivity**: inclination, bias * **recline**: to lean back
50
**CO / COL / COM / CON**
**: WITH, TOGETHER** * **coerce: **to compel by force, intimidation, or authority * **collaborate**: to work with another, cooperate * **collide**: to strike one another with a forceful impact * **commensurate**: suitable in measure, proportionate * **compatible**: capable of existing together in harmony * **concilate**: to placate, win over * **connect**: to bind or fasten together
51
**COGN / CONN**
**: TO KNOW** * **cognition:** the process of knowing * **incognito**: with one's name or identity concealed * **recognize**: to identify as already known
52
**CONTRA / CONTRO / COUNTER**
**: AGAINST** * **contradict: **to oppose; to speak against * **contrary**: opposed to; opposite * **controversy**: a disputation; a quarrel * **counterfeit**: fake; a false imitation * **countermand**: to retract an order * **encounter**: a meeting, often with an opponent
53
**CORP / CORS**
**: BODY** * **corporation**: a company legally treated as an individual * **corps**: a body ( an organized group ) of troops * **corpse**: a dead body * **corpulent**: obese; having a lot of flesh * **corset**: a garment used to give shape and support to the body * **incorporation**: combining into a single body
54
**COSM**
**: ORDER, UNIVERSE, WORLD** * **cosmetic: **improving the appearance ( making it look better ordered ) * **cosmic**: relating to the universe * **cosmology**: a theory of the universe as a whole * **cosmonaut**: an astronaut; an exploer of outer space * **cosmopolitan**: worldly * **cosmos**: the universe; an orderly system; order * **microcosm**: a small system that reflects a larger whole
55
**COUR / CUR**
**: RUNNING, A COURSE** * **concur:** to accord in opinion; agree * **courier**: a messenger traveling in haste who bears news * **curriculum**: the regular course of study * **cursive**: handwriting in flowing strokes with the letters joined together * **cursory**: going rapidly over something; hasty; superficial * **excursion**: a short journey or trip * **incursion**: a hostile entrance into a place, esp. suddenly * **recur**: to happen again
56
**CRE / CRESC / CRET**
**: TO GROW** * **accretion: **an increase by natural growth * **accure**: to be added as a matter of periodic gain * **creation**: the act of producing or causing to exist * **excrescence**: an outgrowth * **increase**: to make greater in any repect * **increment**: something added or gained; an addition or increase
57
**CRED**
**: TO BELIEVE, TO TRUST** * **credentials: **anything that provides the basis for belief * **credit**: trustworthiness * **credo**: any formula of belief * **credulity**: willingness to believe or trust too readily * **incredible**: unbelievable
58
**CRYPT**
**: HIDDEN** * **apocryphal: **of doubtful authorship or authenticity * **crypt**: a subterranean chamber or vault * **cryptohgraphy**: procedures of making and using secret writing * **crytology**: the science of interpreting secret wirting, codes, ciphers, and the like
59
**CUB / CUMB**
**: TO LIE DOWN** * **cubicle**: any small space or compartment that is partitioned off * **incubate**: to sit upon for the purpose of hatching * **incumbent**: holding an indicated position * **recumbent**: lying down; reclining; leaning * **succumb**: to give away to superior force; yield
60
**CULP**
**: FAULT, BLAME** * **culpable: **deserving blame or censure * **culprit**: a person guilty of an offense * **inculpate**: to charge with fault * **mea culpa:** through my fault; my fault
61
**DAC / DOC**
**: TO TEACH ** * **didactic:** intended for instruction * **docile**: easily managed or handled; tractable * **doctor**: someone licensed to practice medicine; learned person * **doctrine**: a particular principle advocated, as of a government of religion * **indoctrinate**: a imbue a person with learning
62
**DE**
**: AWAY, OFF, DOWN, COMPLETELY, REVERSAL** * **decipher: **to make out the meaning; to interpret * **defame**: to attack the good name or reputation of * **deferential**: respectful; to yield to judgment * **defile**: to make foul, dirty, or unclean * **delineate**: to trace the outline of; sketch or trace in outline * **descend**: to move from a higher to a lower place
63
**DELE**
**: TO ERASE** * **delete: **erase; blot out; remove * **indelible**: impossible to erase; lasting
64
**DEM**
**: PEOPLE** * **democracy: **government by the people * **demographics**: vital and social statistics of populations * **endemic**: peculiar to a particular people or locality * **epidemic**: affecting a large number of people at the same time and spreading from person to person * **pandimic**: general, universal
65
**DEXT**
**: RIGHT HAND, RIGHT SIDE, DEFT** * **ambidextrous: **equally able to use both hands * **dexter**: on the right * **dexterity**: deftness; adroitness
66
**DI**
**: DAY** * **dial**: a device for seeing the hour of the day; a clock face; rotatable discs or knobs used as a control input * **diary**: a record of one's days * **dismal**: gloomy (from "bad days") * **diurnal**: daily * **meridian**: a direct line from the North Pole to the South Pole; the highest point reached by the sun; noon * **quotidian**: every day; ordinary
67
**DI / DIA**
**: IN TWO, THROUGH, ACROSS** * **diagnose: **to identify disease or fault from symptoms * **dialogue**: conversation between two or more persons * **diameters**: a line going through a circle, dividing it in two * **dichotomy**: division into two parts, kinds, etc.
68
**DI / DIF / DIS**
**: AWAY FROM, APART, REVERSAL, NOT ** * **diffuse: **to pour out and spread, as in a fluid * **dilate: **to make wider or larger; to cause tp expand * **dilatory**: inclined to delay or procrastinate * **disperse**: to drive or send off in various directions * **disseminate**: to scatter or spread widely; promulgate * **dissipate**: to scatter wastefully * **dissuade**: to deter by advice or persuasion
69
**DIC / DICT / DIT**
**: TO SAY, TO TELL, TO USE WORDS** * **dictionary: **a book containing a selection of the words of a language * **interdict**: to forbid; prohibit * **predict**: to tell in advance * **verdict**: a judgment or decision
70
**DIGN**
**: WORTH** * **condign: **well deserved; fitting; adequate * **deigh**: to think fit or in accordance with one's dignity * **dignitary**: a person who holds a high rank or office * **dignity**: nobility or elevation of character; worthiness * **disdain**: to look upon or treat with contempt
71
**DOG / DOX**
**: OPINION ** * **dogma:** a system of tenets, as of a church * **orthodox**: sound or correct in opinion or doctrine * **paradox**: an opinion or statment contrary to accepted opinion
72
**DOL**
**: TO SUFFER, TO PAIN, TO GRIEVE** * **condolence: **expression of sympathy with one who is suffering * **doleful**: sorrowful, mournful * **dolorous**: full of pain or sorrow, grievous * **indolence**: a state of being lazy or slothful
73
**DON / DOT / DOW**
**: TO GIVE ** * **anecdote: **a short narrative about an interesting event * **antidote**: something that prevents or counteracts ill effects * **donate**: to present as a gift or contribution * **endow**: to provide with a permanent fund * **pardon**: kind indulgence, forgiveness
74
**EX / E**
**: OUT, OUT OF, FROM, FORMER, COMPLETELY** * **efface:** to rub or wipe out; surpass, eclipse * **evade**: to escape from, avoid * **exclude**: to shut out; to leave out * **exonerate**: to free or declare free from blame * **expire**: to breathe out; to breathe one's last; to end * **extricate**: to disentangle, release
75
**DORM**
**: SLEEP** * **dormant: **sleeping; inactive * **dormitory**: a place for sleeping; a residence hall
76
**DORS**
**: BACK** * **dorsal:** having to do with back * **endorse**: to sign on the back; to vouch for
77
**DUB**
**: DOUBT** * **dubiety: **doubtfulness * **dubious**: doubthful * **indubialble**: unquestionable
78
**DUC / DUCT**
**: TO LEAD** * **abduct: **to carry off or lead away * **conducive**: contributive, helpful * **conduct**: personal behavior, way of acting * **induce**: to lead or move by influence * **induct**: to install in a position with formal ceremoies
79
**DULC**
**: SWEET** * **dulcet: **sweet; pleasing * **dulcified**: sweetened; softened * **dulcimer**: a musical instrument
80
**DUR**
**: HARD, LASTING** * **dour: **sullen, gloomy (originally: hard, obsitnate) * **durable**: able to resist decay * **duration**: the length of time something exists * **duress**: compulsion by threat, coercion * **endure**: to hold out against; to sustain without yielding * **obdurate**: stubborn, resistant to persuasion
81
**DYS**
**: FAULTY, ABNORMAL** * **dysfunctional: **poorly functioning * dyslexia: an impairment of the ability to read due to a brain defect * dyspepsia: imparied digestion * dystrophy: faulty or inadequate nutrition or development
82
**EGO**
**: SELF** * **ego: **oneself; the part of oneself that is self-aware * **egocnetric**: focused on oneself * **egoism/egotism**: selfishness; self-absorption
83
**EM / EN **
**: IN, INTO** * **embrace: ** to clasp in the arms; to include or contain * **enclose: **to close in on all sides
84
**EPI**
**: UPON** * **epidemic: **affecting a large number of people at the same time and spreading from person to person * **epidermis**: the outer layer of the skin * **epigram**: a witty or pointed saying tersely expressed * **epilogue**: a concluding part added to a literary work * **epithet**: a word or phrase, used invectively as a term of abuse
85
**EQU**
**: EQUAL, EVEN** * **adquate: **equal to the requirement or occasion * **equation**: the act of maing equal * **equidistant**: equally distant * **iniquity**: gross injustice; wickedness
86
**ERR**
**: TO WANDER** * **arrant: **notorious; downright (originally: wandering) * **err**: to go astray in thought or belief, to be mistaken * **erractic**: deviating from the proper or usual course in conduct * **error**: a deviation from accuracy or correctness
87
**ESCE**
**: BECOMING** * **adolescent: **between childhood and adulthood * **convalescent**: recovering from illness * **incandescent**: glowing with heat; shining * **obsolescent**: becoming obsolete * **reminiscent**: reminding or suggestive of
88
**EU**
: GOOD, WELL * **eugenic**: improvment of qualities of race by control of inherited characteristics * **eulogy**: speech or writing in praise or commendation * **euphemism**: pleasant-sounding term for somthing unpleasant * **euphony**: pleasaness of sound * **euthasia**: killing a person painlessly, usually one who has an incurable, painful disease
89
**EXTRA**
**: OUTSIDE, BEYOND** * **extract: **to take out, obtain against a person's will * **extradite**: to hand over ( person accused of crime) to state where crime was committed * **extraordinary**: beyond the ordinary * **extrasensory**: derived by means other than known senses
90
**FAB / FAM**
**: TO SPEAK** * **affable: ** friendly, courteous * **defame**: to attack the good name of * **fable**: fictional tale, esp. legendary * **famous**: well known, celebrated * **ineffable**: too great for description in words; that which must not be uttered
91
**FAC / FIC / FIG / FAIT / FEIT / FY**
**: TO DO, TO MAKE** * **configuration: **manner of arrangment, shape * **counterfeit**: imitation, forgery * **deficient**: incomplete or insufficient * **effigy**: sculpture or model of person * **faction**: small dissenting group within larger one, esp. in politics * **factory**: building for manufacture of goods * **prolific**: producing many offspring or much output * **ratify**: to confirm or accept by formal consent
92
**FAL**
**: TO ERR, TO DECEIVE** * **default: ** to fail * **fail**: to be insufficient; to be unsuccessful; to die out * **fallacy**: a flawed argument * **false**: not true; erroneous; lying * **faux pas**: a false step; a social gaffe * **infallible**: incapable of being wrong or being deceived
93
**FATU**
**: FOOLISH** * **fatuity**: foolishness; stupidity * **fatuous**: foolish; stupid * **infatuated**: swept up in a fit of passion, impairing one's reason
94
**FER**
**: TO BRING, TO CARRY, TO BEAR** * **confer**: to grant, bestow * **offer**: to present for acceptance, refusal, or consideration * **proffer**: to offer * **proliferate**: to reproduce; produce rapidly * **referendum**: to vote on political question open to the entire electorate
95
**FERV**
**: TO BOIL TO BUBBLE** * **effervescent**: with the quality of giving off bubbles of gas * **fervid**: ardent, intense * **fervor**: passion, zeal
96
**FI / FID**
**: FAITH, TRUST** * **affidavit**: written statement on oath * **confide**: to entrust with a secret * **fidelity**: faithfulness, loyalty * **fiduciary**: of a trust; held or given in trust * **infidel**: disbeliever in the supposed true religion
97
FIN
**: END** * **confine**: to keep or restrict within certain limits; imprison * **definitive**: decisive, unconditional, final * **final**: at the end; coming last * **infinite**: boundles; endless * **infinitesimal**: infinitely or very small
98
**FLAGR / FLAM**
**: TO BURN** * **conflagration**: a large, destructive fire * **flagrant**: blatant, scandalous * **flambeau**: a lighted torch * **inflame**: to set on fire
99
**FLECT / FLEX **
**: TO FLOW ** * **deflect**: to bend or turn aside from a purpose * **flexible**: able to blend without breaking * **genuflect**: to bend knee, esp. in worship * **inflect**: to change or vary pitch of * **reflect**: to throw back
100
**FORE**
**: BEFORE** * **foreshadow**: be warning or indication of (future event) * **foresight**: care or provision for future * **forestall**: to prevent to advance action * **forthright**: straightforward, outspoken, decisive
101
**FORT**
**: CHANCE** * **fortuitous**: happening by luck * **fortunate**: lucky, auspicious * **fortune**: chance or luck in human affairs
102
**FORT**
**: STRENGTH ** * **forte**: strong point; something a person does well * **fortify**: to provide with fortifications; strengthen * **fortissimo**: very loud
103
**FRA / FRAC / FRAG / FRING**
**: TO BREAK** * **fractious**: irritable, peevish * **fracture**: breakage, esp. of a bone * **fragment**: a part broken off * **infringe**: to break or violate (a law, etc.) * **refractory**: stubborn, unmanageable, rebellious
104
**FUG**
**: TO FLEE, TO FLY** * **centrifugal**: flying off from the center * **fugitive**: on the run; someone who flees * **fugue**: a musical composition in which subsequent parts imitate or pursue the first part; a psychological state in which one flies from one's own identity * **refuge**: a haven for those fleeing * **refugee**: a fleeing person who seeks refuge * **subterfuge**: a deception used to avoid a confrontation
105
**FULG**
**: TO SHINE** * **effulgent**: shining forth * **refulgent**: radiant; shining
106
**FUM**
**: SMOKE** * **fume**: smoke; scented vapor; to emit smoke or vapors * **fumigate**: to treat with smoke or vapors * **perfume**: scents, from burning incense or other sources of fragrance
107
**FUS**
**: TO POUR** * **diffuse**: to spread widely or thinly * **fusillade**: continuous discharge of firearm or outburst of cirticism * **infusion**: the act of permeating or steeping; liquid extract so obtained * **profuse**: lavish, extravagant, copious * **suffuse**: to spread throughout or over from within
108
**GEN**
**: BIRTH, CREATION, RACE, KIND** * **carcinogenic**: producing cancer * **congenital**: existing or as such from birth * **gender**: classification roughly corresponding to the two sexes and sexlessness * **generous**: giving or given freely * **genertics**: study of heredity and variation among animals and plants * **progeny**: offspring, descendants
109
**GN / GNO**
**: TO KNOW** * **agnostic**: one who believes that existence of God is not provable * **diagnose**: to identify disease or fault from symptons * **ignoramus**: a person lacking knowledge, uniformed * **ignore**: to refuse to take notice of * **prognosis**: to forecast, especially of disease
110
**GRAD / GRESS**
**: TO STEP** * **aggresive**: given to hostile act or feeling * **de****grade**: to humiliate, dishonor, reduce to lower rank * **digress**: to depart from main subject * **egress**: going out; way out * **progress**: forward movement * **regress**: to move backward, revert to an earlier state
111
**GRAM / GRAPH**
**: TO WRITE, TO DRAW** * **diagram**: a figure made by drawing lines; an illustration * **epigram**: a short poem; a pointed statement * **grammar**: a system of language and its rules * **graph**: a diagram used to convey mathmatical information * **photograph**: a picture, originally made by exposing chemically treated film to light
112
**GRAT**
**: PLEASING** * **gracious**: kindly, esp. to inferiors; merciful * **grateful**: thankful * **gratuity**: money given for good service * **ingratiate**: to bring oneself into favor
113
**GREG**
**: FLOCK** * **aggregate**: a number of things considered as a collective whole * **congregate**: to come together in a group * **egregious**: remarkably bad; standing out from the crowd * **gregarious**: sociable; enjoying spending time with others * **segregate**: to separate fromthe crowd
114
**HAP**
**: BY CHANCE** * **haphazard**: at random * **hapless**: without luck * **happen**: occur (originally: to occur by chance) * **happily**: through good fortune * **happy**: pleased, as by good fortune * **mishap**: an unlucky acciddent * **perhaps**: a qualifier suggesting something might (or might not) take place
115
**HEMI**
**: HALF** * **hemisphere**: half a sphere; half of the Earth * **hemistich**: half a line of poetry
116
**HER / HES**
**: TO STICK** * **adherent**: able to adhere; believer or advocate of a particular thing * **adhesive**: tending to remain in memory; sticky; an adhesive substance * **coherent**: logically consistent; having waves in phase and of one wavelength * **inherent**: involved in the constitution or essential character of something
117
**(H)ETERO**
**: DIFFERENT, OTHER** * **heterodox**: different from acknowledged standard; holding unorthodox opinions or doctrines * **heterogeneous**: of other origin; not originating in the body * **heterosexual**: of or pertaining to sexual orientation toward members of the opposite sex; relating to different sexes
118
**HOL**
**: WHOLE** * **catholic**: universal * **holocaust**: a burnt offering; complete destruction by fire or other means * **hologram**: a sort of three-dimensional image * **holograph**: a document written entirely by the person whose name it's in * **holistic**: considering something as a unified whole
119
**(H)OM**
**: SAME** * **anomaly**: deviation from the common rule * **homeostasis**: a relatively stable state of equilibrium * **homogeneous**: of the same or similar kind of nature; of uniform structure of composition throughout * **homonym**: one of two or more words spelled and pronounced alike but different in meaning * **homosexual**: of, relating to, or exhibiting sexual desire toward a member of one's own sex
120
**HUM**
**: EARTH** * **exhume**: unearth * **humble**: down-to-earth * **humility**: the state of being humble
121
**HYPER**
**: OVER, EXCESSIVE** * **hyperactive**: excessively active * **hyperbole**: purposeful exaggeration for effect * **hyperglycemia**: an abnormally high concentration of sugar in the blood
122
**HYPO**
**: UNDER, BENEATH, LESS THAN** * **hypochodriac**: one affected by extreme depression of mind or spirits, often centered on imaginary physical ailments * hypocritical: pretending to have beliefs one does not * **hypodermic**: relating to the parts beneath the skin * **hypothesis**: assumption subject to proof
123
**ICON**
**: IMAGE, IDOL** * **icon**: a symbolic pictiure; a statue; something seen as representative of a culture or movement * **iconic**: being representative of a culture or movment * **iconoclast**: one who attacks established beliefs; one who tears down images * **iconology**: symbolism
124
**IDIO**
**: ONE'S OWN** * **idiom**: a language, dialect, or style of speaking particular to a people * **idosyncrasy**: perculiarity of temperament; eccentricity * **idiot**: an utterly stupid person
125
**IN / IM**
: NOT, WITHOUT * (often the M is dropped and the first letter to which i is prefixed is doubled.) * **immoral**: not moral; evil * **impartial**: not partial or biased; just * **inactive**: not active * **indigent**: deficient in what is required * **indolence**: showing a disposition to avoid exertion; slothful * **innocuous**: not harmful or injurious
126
**IN / IM**
**: IN, INTO** * (often the M is dropped and the first letter to which i is prefixed is doubled.) * **implicit**: not expressly stated; implied * **incarnate**: a given a bodily, esp. a human, form * **indigenous**: native; innate, natural * **influx**: the act of flowing in; inflow * **intrisic**: belonging to a thing by its very nature
127
**INTER**
**: BETWEEN, AMONG** * **interim**: a temporary or provisional arrangement; meantime * **interloper**: one who intrudes in the domain of others * **intermittent**: stopping or ceasing for a time * **intersperse**: to scatter here and there * **interstate**: connecting or jointly involving states
128
**INTRA**
**: INSIDE, WITHIN** * **intramural**: within a school; inside a city * **intrastate**: within a state * **intravenous**: inside the veins
129
**IT / ITER**
**: WAY, JOURNEY** * **ambition**: strong desire to achieve (from "going around" for votes) * circuit: a lline around an area; a racecourse; the path traveled by eletrical current * **itinerant**: traveling * **itinerary**: travel plans * **reiterate**: to repeat * **transit**: traveling; means of transportation
130
**JECT**
**: TO THROW, TO THROW DOWN** * **abject**: utterly hopeless, humiliating, or wretched * **conjecture**: formation of opinion on incomplete information * **dejected**: sad; depressed * **eject**: to throw out; expel * **inject**: to place (quality, etc.) where needed in something
131
**JOC**
**: JOKE** * **jocose**: given to joking; playful * **jocular**: in a joking manner; funny * **jocund**: merry; cheerful * **joke**: a witticism; a humorous ancedote; something funny
132
**JOIN / JUG / JUNCT**
**: TO MEET, TO JOIN** * **adjoin**: to be next to and joined with * **conjugal**: related to marriage * **conjunction**: joining; occuring together; a connecting word * **injunction**: a command; an act of joining; combining; a place where multiple paths join * **junta**: a group of military officers who join together to run a country; a council * **rejoinder**: to reply, retort * **subjugate**: to make subservient; to place under a yoke
133
JOUR
**: DAY** * **adjourn**: to close a meeting; to put off further proceeding for another day * **journal**: a record of one's day * **journey**: a trip (originally: a day's travel)
134
**JUD**
**: TO JUDGE** * **adjudicate**: to act as judge * **judiciary**: a system of courts; members of a court system * **judicious**: having good judgment * **prejudice**: a previous or premature judgment; bias
135
**JUR**
**: LAW, TO SWEAR** * **abjure**: to renounce on oath * **adjure**: to beg or command * **jurisprudence**: a system of law; knowledge of law * **perjury**: willful lying while on oath
136
**JUV**
**: YOUNG** * **juvenile**: young; immature * **juvenilia**: writing or art produced in one's youth * **rejuvenate**: refresh; to make young again
137
**LANG / LING**
**: TONGUE** * **bilingual**: speaking two languages * **language**: a system of (usually spoken) communication * **linguistic**: the study of language
138
**LAUD**
: PRAISE, HONOR * **cum laude:** with honor * **laudable**: praiseworthy * **laudatory**: expressing praise
139
**LAV / LAU / LU**
**: TO WASH** * **ablution**: act of cleaning * **antediluvian**: before the biblical flood; extremely old * **deluge**: a great flood of water * **dilute**: to make thinner or weaker by the addition of water * **laundry**: items to be, or that have been, washed * **lavatory**: a room with equipment for washing hands and face
140
**LAX / LEAS / LES**
**: LOOSE** * **lax**: loose; undisciplined * **laxative**: medicine or food that loosens the bowels * **lease**: to rent out (that is, to let something loose for other's use) * **leash**: a cord used to hold an animal while giving it some freedom to run loose * **relax**: loosen; to less strict; clam down * **release**: let go; set free
141
**LEC / LEG / LEX **
**: TO READ, TO SPEAK** * **dialect**: a manner of speaking; a regional variety of a language * **lectern**: a reading desk * **lecture**: an instrucional speech * **legend**: a story; a written explanation of a map or illustration * **legible**: readble * **lesson**: instruction ( originally: part of a book or oral instruction to be studied and repeated to a teacher ) * **lexicographer**: a writer of dictionaries * **lexicon**: dictionary
142
**LECT / LEG**
**: TO SELECT, TO CHOOSE** * **collect**: to gather together or assemble * **ecletic**: selecting ideas, etc. from various sources * **elect**: to choose; to to decide * **predilection**: preference, liking * **select**: to choose with care
143
**LEV**
: TO LIFT, TO RISE, LIGHT (WEIGHT) * **alleviate**: to make easier to endure, lessen * **levee**: embankment against river flooding * **leviate**: to rise in the air or cause to rise * **levity**: humor, frivolity, gaiety * **relevant**: bearing on or pertinent to information at hand * **relieve**: to mitigate; to free from a burden
144
**LI / LIG**
**: TO TIE, TO BIND** * **ally**: to unite: one in an alliance * **league**: an association; a group of nations, teams etc. that have agreed to work for a common cause * **liable**: legally responsible; bound by law * **liaison**: a connection; one who serves to connect * **lien**: the right to hold a property due to an outstanding debt * **ligament**: a band holding bones together; a bond * **ligature**: a connection between two letters; a bond * **oblige**: to obligate; to make indebted or form personal bonds by doing favor * **rely**: to depend upon ( orginally: to come together; to rally
145
**LIBER**
**: FREE** * **deliver**: to set free; to save; to hand over * **liberal**: generous; giving away freely * **liberality**: generosity * **liberate**: set free * **libertine**: one who follows one's own path, without regard for morals or other restrictions * **liberty**: freedom * **livery**: a uniform; an emblem indicating an owner of manufacturer ( originally: an allowance of food or other provisions given to servants )
146
**LITH**
**: STONE** * **acrolith: **a statue with a stone head and limbs (but a wooden body) * **lithography**: a printing process that originally involved writing on a flat stone * **lithology**: the study of rocks and stones * **lithotomy**: an operation to remove stones from the body * **megalith**: a very big stone * **monolith**: a single block of stone, often shaped into a monument
147
**LOC / LOG / LOQU**
**: WORD, SPEECH, THOUGHT** * **colloquial**: of ordinary or familiar conversation * **dialogue**: conversation, esp. in a literary work * **elocution**: art of clear and expressive speaking * **eulogy**: speech or writing in praise of someone * **grandiloquent**: pompous or inflated in language * **loquacious**: talkative * **prologue**: introduce to poem, play, etc.
148
**LUC / LUM / LUS**
**: LIGHT (BRIGHTNESS)** * **illuminate**: to supply or brigthen with light * **illustrate**: to make intelligible with example or analogies * **illustrious**: highly distinguished * **lackluster**: lacking brilliance or radiance * **lucid**: easily understood, intelligible * **luminous**: bright, brilliant, glowing * **translucent**: permitting light to pass through
149
**LUD / LUS**
: TO PLAY * **allude**: to refer casually or indirectly * **delude**: to mislead the mind or judgment of, deceive * **elude**: to avoid capture or escape or escape defection by * **illustion**: something that deceives by producing a false impression of reality * **ludicrous**: ridiculous, laughable * **prelude**: a preliminary to an action, event, etc.
150
**MACRO**
**: GREAT, LONG** * **macro**: broad; large; a single computer command that executed a longer set of commands * **macrobiotics**: a system intended to prolong life * **macrocephalous**: having a large head * **macrocosm**: the universe; a large system that is reflected in at least one of its subsets * **macroscopic**: large enough to be visible to the naked eye
151
**MAG / MAJ / MAX**
**: BIG, GREAT** * **magnanimous**: generous in forgiving an insult or injury * **magnate**: a powerful or influential person * **magnify**: to increase the apparent size of * **magitude**: greatness of size, extent, or dimensions * **maxim**: an expression of general truth or principle * **maximum**: the highest amount, value, or degree attained
152
**MAL / MALE**
**: BAD, ILL, EVIL, WRONG** * **maladroit**: clumsy, tactless * **malady**: a disorder or disease of the body * **malapropism**: humorous miuse of a word * **malediction**: a curse * **malfeasance**: misconduct or wrongdoing often committed by a public official * **malfunction**: failure to function properlu * **malicious**; full of or showing malice * **maligh**: to speak harmful untruths about, to slander
153
**MAN / MANU**
**: HAND** * **emancipate**: to free from bondage * **manifest**: readily perceived by the eye or the understanding * **manual**: operated by hand * **manufacture**: to make by hand or machinery
154
**MAND / MEND**
: TO COMMAND, TO ORDER, TO ENTRUST * **command**: to order; an order; control * **commend**: to give something over to the care of anoter; to praise * **countermand**: to retract an order * **demand**: to strongly ask for; to claim; to require * **mandatory**; commanded; required * **recommend**; to praise and suggest the use of; to advise * **remand**: to send back
155
**MEDI**
**: MIDDLE** * **immediate**: nearest; having nothing in between * **intermediate**: in the middle * **mean**: average; in the middle * **mediate**: to serve as a go-between; to try to settle an argument * **medieval**: related to the Middle Ages * **mediocre**: neither good nor bad; so-so * **medium**: size between small and large; a substance or agency that things travel through (as, for example, light travels through airm and news is conveyed by television and newspapers)
156
**MEGA**
**: LARGE, GREAT** * **megalith: **a very big stone * **megalomania**: a mental condition involving delusion of greatness; an obsession with doing great things * **megalopolis**: a very large city * **megaphone**: a device for magnifying the sound of one's voice * **megaton**: explosive power equal to 1,000 tons of T.N.T
157
**MICRO**
**: VERY SMALL** * **microbe**: a very small organism * **microcosm**: a small system that reflects a larger whole * **micron**: a millionth of a metwr * **microorganism**: a very small organism * **microscope**: a device that magnifies very small things for viewing
158
**MIN**
**: SMALL ** * **diminish**: to lessen * **diminution**: the act or process of diminishing * **miniature**: a copy or model that represents something in greatly reduced size * **minute**: a unit of time equal to one-sixtieth of an hour * **minutiae**: small or trivial details
159
**MIN**
: TO PROJECT, TO HANG OVER * **eminent**: towering above other: projecting * **imminent**: about to occur; impending * **preeminent**: superior to notable above all others * **prominent**: projecting outward
160
**MIS**
**: BAD, WRONG, TO HATE** * **misadventure**: bad luck; an unlucky accident * **misanthrope**: one who hates people or humanity * **missapply**: to use something incorrectly * **mischance**: bad luck; an unlucky accident * **mischief**; bad or annoying behavior * **misconstrue**: to take something in a way that was not intended; to understand something incorrectly * **misfit**: somebody or something that does not fit in
161
**MIS / MIT**
**: TO SEND** * **emissary**: a message or agent sent to represent the interests of another * **intermittent**: stopping and starting at intervals * **remission**: a lessening of intensity of degree * **remit**: to send money * **transmit**: to send from one person, thing, or place to another
162
**MISC**
: MIXED * **miscellaneous**: made up of a variety of parts or ingredients * **promiscuous**: consisting of diverse and unrelated parts or individuals; indiscriminate
163
**MOB / MOM / MOT / MOV**
**: TO MOVE** * **automobile: **a vehecle that moves under its own power; a motorized car * **demote**: to move downward in an organization * **immovable**: incapable of being moved; unyielding * **locomotion**: moving from place to place; the ability to do so * **mob**: the rabble; a disorderly group of people ( from the Latin *mobile vulgus*, meaning "the fickle crowd") * **mobile**: movable * **mobilize**: to make ready for movment; to assemble * **moment**: an instant; importance * **momentous**: of great importance (originally: having the power to move) * **momentum**: the force driving a moving object to keep moving; a growing force * **motion**: movement * **motive**: a reason for action; what moves a person to do something * **motor**: a device that makes something move * **mutiny**: rebellion against authority, esp. by sailors * **promote**: to move to a higher rank in an organization * **remove**: to take away; to move away
164
**MOLL**
**: SOFT** * **emollient**: something that softens or soothes (e.g., a lotion) * **mild**: gentle; kind * **mollify**: soothe; soften; calm * **mollusk**: a phylum of invertebrate animals - including octopuses, squids, oysters, clams, and slugs -with soft bodies
165
**MON / MONO**
**: ONE** * **monarchy**: rule by a single person * **monk**: a man in a religious order living apart from society (originally: a religious hermit) * **monochord**: a musical instrument with a single string * **monogram**: a design combining multiple letters into one * **monograph**: a scholarly study of a single subject * **monologue**: a speech or other dramatic composition recited by one person * **monomania**: an obsession with a single subject * **monotonous**: boring; spoken using only one tone
166
**MON / MONIT**
**: TO REMIND, TO WARN** * **admonish**: to counsel against something; caution * **monitor**: one that admonishes, cautions, or reminds * **monument**: a structure, such as a building, tower, or sculpture, erected as a memorial * **premonition**: forewarning, presentment * **remonstrate**: to say or plead in protect, objection, or reproof * **summon**: to call together; convene
167
**MOR / MORT**
**: DEATH** * **immortal**: not subject to death * **morbid**: susceptible to preoccupation with unwholesome matters * **moribund**: dying, decaying
168
**MORPH**
**: SHAPE** * **amorphous: **without definite form; lacking a specific shape * **anthropomorphism**: attributionof human characteristic to inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena * **metamorphosis**: a transformation, as by magic or sorcery
169
**MULT**
**: MANY** * **multiple**: many, having parts; a number containing some quantity of a small number without remainder * **multiplex**: having many parts; a movie theater or other building with many separate unite * **multiply**: to increase; to become many * **multiudinous**: very many; containing very many; having very many forms
170
**MUT**
**: TO CHANGE** * **commute**: to substitute; exchange; interchange * **immutable**: unchangable, invariable * **mutation**: the process of being changed * **permutation**: a complete change; transformation * **transmute**: to change from one form into another
171
**NAT / NAS / NAI / GNA**
**: BIRTH** * **cognate**: related by blood; having a common ancestor * **naive**: lacking worldiness and sophistication; artless * **nascent**: starting to develop * **native**: belonging to one by nature; inborn; innate * **natural**: present due to nature, not artificial or man-made means * **renaissnace**: rebirth,esp. referring to culture
172
**NAU / NAV**
**: SHIP, SAILOR** * **astronaut:** one who travels in outer space * **circumnavigate**: to sail all the way around * **cosmonaut**: one who travels in outer space * **nauseous**: causing a squeamish feeling (originally: seasickness) * **nautical**: related to sailing or sailors * **naval**: related to the navy * **nave**: the central portion of a church (which resembles the shape of a ship) * **navy**: a military force consisting of ships and sailors
173
**NIHIL**
**: NOTHING, NONE** * **annilate**: wipe out; reduce to nothing * **nihilism**: denial of all moral beliefs; denial that existance has any meaning
174
**NOC / NOX**
**: HARM** * **innocent**: uncorrupted by evil, malice, or wrongdoing * **innocuous**: not harmful or injurious * **noxious**: injurious or harmful to health or morals * **obnoxious**: highly disagreeable or offensive
175
**NOCT / NOX**
**: NIGHT** * **equinox**: one of two times in a year when day and night are equal in length * **noctambulant**: walkingat night; sleepwalking * **nocturnal**: related to the night; active at night * **noctune**: a dreamlike piece of music; a painting set at night
176
**NOM**
**: RULE, ORDER** * **astronomy**: the scientific study of the universe beyond the Earth * **autonomy**: independence, self-governance * **economy**: the careful of thrifty use of resources, as of income, materials, or labor * **gastronomy**: the art or science of good eating * **taxonomy**: the science, laws, or principles of classification
177
**NOM / NYM / NOUN / NOWN**
**: NAME** * **acronym**: a word formed from the initial letters of a name * **annoymous**: having an unknown or unacknowledged name * **nomenclature**: a system of name; systematic naming * **nominal**: existing in name only; negligible * **nominate**: to propse by name as a candidate * **noun**: a word that names a person, place, or thing * **renown**: fame; reputation * **synonym**: a word having a meaning similar to that of another word of the same language *
178
**NON**
**: NOT** * **nonconformist**: one who does not conform to a church or other societal insitution * **nonentity**: something that does not exist; something that is unimportant * **nonpareil**: something with no equal * **nonpartisan**: not affiliated with a political party
179
**NOV / NEO / NOU**
**: NEW** * **innovate**: to begin or introduce something new * **neologism**: a newly coined word; phrase, or expression * **neophyte**: a beginner; a new convert; a new worker * **neoplasm**: a new growth in the body; a tumor * **nouveau** riche: one who had lately become rich * **novice**: a person new to any field or activity * **renovate**: to restore to an earlier condition
180
**NULL**
**: NOTHING** * **annul**: to cancel; to make into nothing * **nullify**: to cancel; to make into nothing * **nullity**: the condition of being nothing
181
**OB**
**: TOWARD, TO, AGAINST, OVER** * **obses**: extremely fat; corpulent * **obfuscate**: to render indistinct or dim; darken * **oblique**: having a slanting or sloping direction * **obsequious**: overly submissive * **obstinate**: stubbornly adhering to an idea, inflexible * **obtuse**: not sharp, pointed, acute in any form
182
**OMNI**
**: ALL** * **omnibus**: an anthology of the works of one author or of writings on related subjects * **omnipotent**: all powerful * **omnipresent**: everywhere at one time * **omniscient**: having infinite knowledge
183
**ONER**
**: BURDEN** * **exonerate: **to free from blame (orginally: to relieve of a burden) * **onerous**: burdensome; difficult * **onus**: a burden; a responsibility
184
**OSS / OSTE**
: BONE * **ossify**: to become; to harden; to become callous * **ossuary**: a place where bones are kept; a charnel house * **osteopathy**: a medical system based on the belief that many illness can be traced to issues in the skeletal system
185
**PAC / PEAC**
**: PEACE** * **appease**: to bring peace to * **pacifier**: something or someone that eases the anger or agitation of * **pacify**: to ease the anger or agitation of * **pact**: a formal agreement, as between nations
186
**PALP**
**: TO FEEL** * **palpable**: capable of being felt; tangible * **palpate**: to feel; to examine by feeling * **palpitate**: to beat quickly as the heart; to throb
187
**PAN / PANT**
**: ALL, EVERYONE** * **pandemic**: widespreadm general, universal * **penegyric**: formal or elaborate praise at an assembly * **panoply**: a wide-ranging and impressive array or display * **panorama**: an unobstruced and wide view of an extensive area * **pantheon**: a public building containing tombs or memorials of the illustratious dead of a nation
188
**PAR**
**: EQUAL** * **apartheid: ** any system or caste that separates * **disparage**: to belittle, speak disrespectfully about * **disparate**: essentially different * **par**: an equality in value or standing * **parity**: equally, as in amount, status, or character
189
**PARA**
**: NEXT TO, BESIDE** * **parable**: a short, allegorical story designed to illustrate a moral lesson or religious principle * **paragon**: a model of excellence * **parallel**: extending in the same direction * **paranoid**: suffering from a baseless distrust of others * **parasite**: an organism that lives on or within a plant or animal of another species, from which it obtains nutrients * **parody**: to imitate for purposes of satire
190
**PAS / PAT / PATH**
**: FEELING, SUFFERING, DISEASE** * **compassion**: a feeling of deep sympathy for someone struck by misfortune, accompanied by a desire to alleviate suffering * **dispassionate**: devoid of personal feeling or bias * **empathy**: the identification with the feelings or thoughts of others * **impassive**: showing or feeling no emotion * **pathogenic**: causing disease * **sociopath**: a person whose behavior is antisocial and who lacks a sense of moral responsibility * **sympathy**: harmony ro agreement in feeling
191
**PAU / PO / POV / PU**
**: FEW, LITTLE, POOR** * **impoverish**: to deplete * **paucity**: smallness of quantity; scarcity; scantiness * **pauper**: a person without any personal means of support * **poverty**: the condition of being poor * **puerille**: childish, immature * **pusillanimous**: lacking courage or resolution
192
**PEC**
**: MONEY** * **impecunious: **having no money; penniless * **peculation**: embezzlement * **pecuniary**: relating to money
193
**PED**
: CHILD, EDUCATION * **encyclopedia**: book or set of book containing article on various topics, covering all branches of knowledge or of one particular subject * **pedagogue**: a teacher * **pedant**: one who displays learning ostentatiously * **pediatrician**: a doctor who primarily has children as patients
194
**PED / POD**
**: FOOT** * **antipodes**: a places that are diametrically opposite each other on the globe * **expedite**: to speed up the progress of * **impede**: to retard progress by means of obstacles or hindrances * **pedals**: a foot-operated lever or part used to control * **pedestrian**: a person who travels on foot * **podium**: a small platform for an orchestra conductor, speaker, etc.
195
**PEL**
: TO DRIVE, TO PUSH * **compel**: to force; to command * **dispel**: to drive away; to disperse * **expel**: to drive out; to banish; to eject * **impel**: to force; to drive forward * **propel**: to drive forward
196
**PUN**
**: TO PAY, TO COMPENSATE** * **penal: **of or pertaining to punishment, as for crimes * **penalty**: a punishment imposed for a violation of law or rule * **penance**: a punishment undergone to express regret for a sin * **penitent**: contrite * **punitive**: serving for, concerned with, or inflicting punishment
197
**PEN / PENE**
**: ALMOST** * **peninsula**: a landmass that is mostly surrounded by water, making it almost an island * **penultimate**: second-to-last * **penumbra**: a shaded area between pure shadow and pure light
198
**PEND / PENS**
**: TO HANG, TO WEIGHT, TO PAY** * **appendage**: a limb or other subsidiary part that diverge from the central structure * **appendix**: supplementary material at the end of a text * **compensate**: to counterbalance, offset * **depend**: to rely; to place trust in * **indispensable**: absolutely necessary, essential, or requisite * **stipend**: a periodic payment; fixed or regular pay
199
**PER**
**: COMPLETELY** * **perforate**: to make a way through or into something * **perfunctory**: performed merely as routine duty * **perplex**: to cause to be puzzled or bewildered over what is not understood * **persistent**: lasting or enduring tenaciously * **perspicacious**: shrewed, astute * **pertinacious**: resolute, persistent * **persue**: to read with thoroughness or care
200
**PERI**
**: AROUND** * **perimeter**: the border or outer boundary of two-dimensional figure * **peripatetic**: walking or traveling about; itinerant * **periscope**: an optical instrument for seeing objects in an obstructed field of vision
201
**PET / PIT **
**: TO GO, TO SEEK, TO STRIVE** * **appetite**: a desire for food or drink * **centripetal**: moving toward the center * **compete**: to strive to outdo another * **impetuous**: characterized by sudden or rash action or emotion * **petition**: a formally a drawn request soliciting some benefit * **petulant**: showing sudden irritation, esp. over some annoyance
202
**PHIL**
**: LOVE** * **bibliophile**: one who loves or collects books * **philatelist**: one who loves or collects postage stampes * **philology**: the study of literary texts to establish their authenticity and determine their meaning * **philosophy**: the rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct
203
**PHOB**
**: FEAR** * **claustrophobia**: fear of enclosed places * **hydrophobia**: fear of water, which is a symptom of rabies; rabies * **phobia**: fear; an irrational fear * **xenophobia**: fear of foreigners; hatred of foreigners
204
**PHON**
**: SOUND** * **euphony**: the quality of sounding good * **megaphone**: a device for magnifying the sound of one's voice * **phonetics**: the study of the sounds used in speech * **polyphony**: the use of the simulateous melodic lines to produce harmonies in musical compositions * **telephone**: a device for transmitting sound at a distance
205
**PHOTO**
**: LIGHT** * **photograph**: a picture, originally made by exposing chemically treated film to light * **photon**: a packet of light or other electromagnetic radiation * **photosynthesis**: the process by which plants create carbohydrate when under light
206
**PLAC**
: TO PLEASE * **complacent**: self-satisfied, unconcerned * **complaisant**: inclined or disposed to please * **implacable**: unable to be pleased * **placebo**: a substance with no pharmacological effect that acts to placate a patient who believes it to be a medicine * **placid**: pleasantly clam or peaceful
207
**PLE / PLEN**
**: TO FILL, FULL** * **complete**: having all parts or elements * **deplete**: to decrease seriously or exhaust the supply of * **implement**: an instrument, tool, or utensil for accomplishing work * **plethora**: excess, overabundance * **plenitude**: fullness * **replete**: abundantly supplied * **supplement**: something added to supply a deficiency
208
**PLEX / PLIC / PLY**
**: TO FOLD, TWIST, TANGLE, OR BEND** * **complex**: composed of many interconnected parts * **duplicity**: deceitfulness in speech or conduct, double-dealing * **implicate**: to show to be involved, usually in an incriminating manner * **replica**: any close copy or reproduction * **supplicate**: to make humble and earnest entreaty
209
**POLY**
**: MANY** * **polyandry: ** the practice of having multiple husbands * **polygamy**: the practice of having multiple wives * **polyglot**: someone who speaks many languages * **polygon**: a figure with many sides * **polythesim**: belief in many gods
210
**PON / POS / POUND**
**: TO PUT, TO PLACE** * **component**: a constituent part, elemental ingredient * **expose**: to lay open to danger, attack, or harm * **expound**: to set forth in detail * **juxtapose**: to place close together or side by side * **repository**: a receptacle or place where things are deposited
211
**PORT**
**: TO CARRY** * **deportment**: conduct, behavior * **disport**: to divert or amuse oneself * **export**: to transmit aboard * **import**: to bring in from a foreign country * **importune**: to urge or press with excessive persistence * **portable**: easily carried
212
**POST**
**: BEHIND, AFTER** * **post facto**: after the fact * **posterior**: situated at the rear * **posterity**: future generations * **posthumous**: after death
213
**POT**
**: TO DRINK** * **potable**: drinkable; safe to drink; a drink * **potation**: drinking; a drink * **potion**: a drinkable medicine, poison, or other concoction
214
**PRE**
: BEFORE, IN FRONT OF * **precarious**: dependent on circumstances beyond one's control * **precedent**: an act that serves as an example for subsequent situations * **precept**: a commandment given as a rule of action or conduct * **precocious**: unusually advanced ro mature in mental development or talent * **premonition**: a feeling of anticipation over a future event * **presentiment**: foreboding
215
**PREHEND / PRISE**
: TO TAKE, TO GET, TO SEIZE * **apprehend**: to take into custody * **comprise**: to include or contain * **enterprise**: a project undertaken * **reprehensible**: deserving rebuke or censure * **reprisals**: retaliation against an enemy * **surprise**: to strike with an unexpected feeling of wonder or astonishment
216
**PRI / PRIM**
**: FIRST** * **primary**: first; most important * **primal**: original; most important * **prime**: first in quality; best * **primeval**: ancient; going back to the first age of the world * **pristine**: original; like new; unspoiled; pure
217
**PRO**
**: IN FRONT, BEFORE, MUCH, FOR** * **problem**: a difficult question (orginally: one put before another solution) * **proceed**: to go forward * **profuse**: spending or giving freely * **prolific**: highly fruitful * **propound**: to set forth for consideration * **proselytize**: to convert or attempt to recruit * **provident**: having or showing foresight
218
**PROB**
**: TO PROVE, TO TEST** * **approbation**: praise, consideration * **opprobrium**: the disgrace incurred by shamful conduct * **probe**: to search or examine thoroughly * **probity**: honesty: high-mindedness * **reprobate**: a depraved or wicked person
219
**PROP / PROX**
**: NEAR** * **approximate**: very near; close to being accurate * **proximate**: nearby; coming just before or just after * **proximity**: nearness; distance
220
**PROT / PROTO**
**: FIRST** * **protagonist**: the main character in a play or story * **protocol**: diplomatic etiqutte; a system of proper conduct; the original record of a treaty ot other negotiation * **prototype**: the first version of an invention, on which later models are based * **protozoan**: belonging to a group of single-celled animals, which came before more complex animals
221
**PSEUD / PSEUDO**
**: FALSE** * **pseudonym**: a false name; a pen name * **pseudopod**: part of a single-celled organism that can be stuck out (like a foot) and used to move around * **pseudoscience**: false science; something believed to be based on the scientific method but that actually is not
222
**PUG**
**: TO FIGHT** * **impugn**: to challenge as false * **pugilist**: a fighter or boxer * **pugnacious**: to quarrel or fight readily * **repungnant**: objectionable or offensive
223
**PUNC / PUNG / POIGN**
**: TO POINT, TO PRICK, TO PIERCE** * **compunction**: a feeling of uneasiness for doing wrong * **expunge**: to erase, eliminate completely * **point**: a sharp or tapering end * **punctilious**: strict or exact in the observance of formalities * **puncture**: the act of piercing * **pungent**: caustic or sharply expensive
224
**PYR**
: FIRE * **pyre**: a bonfire, usually for burning a dead body * **pyromania**: an urge to start fires * **pyrosis**: heartburn * **pyrotechnics**: fireworks
225
**QUE / QUAR / QUAT**
**: FOUR** * **quadrant**: a quarter of a circle; a 90-degree arc * **quadrille**: a square dance involving four couples * **quadruple**: four times as many * **quardruplets**; four children born in one birth * **quart**: one fourth of a gallon * **quaternary**: the number four; the fourth in a series
226
**QUE / QUIS**
**: TO SEEK** * **acquire**: to come into possession of * **conquest**: the act gaining control by force * **exquisite**: of special beauty or charm * **inquisitive**: given to research, eager for knowledge * **perquiste**: a gratuity, tip * **querulous**: full of complaints * **query**: a question, inquiry
227
**QUIE / QUIT**
**: QUIET, REST** * **acquiesce**: to comply, give in * **disquiet**: lack of calm or peace * **quiescence**: the condition of being at rest, still, inactive * **quiet**: making little or no sound * **tranquill**: free from commotion or tumult
228
**QUIN / QUINT**
**: FIVE** * **quinquennial**: a five-year period; a fifth anniversary * **quintessence**: the essential part of something (originally: the "fifth essence," which was believed to permeate everything and be what stars and planets were made of ) * **quintuple**: five times as many
229
**RACI / RADI**
**: ROOT** * **deracinate**: to uproot * **eradicate**: to uproot; to wipout * **radical**: pertaining to roots; questioning everything, even basic belief; going to root causes; through * **radish**: a root vegetable
230
**RAMI**
**: BRANCH** * **ramification**: a branch; an offshoot; a collection of branches; a consequence * **ramiform**: branchlike
231
**RE**
**: BACK, AGIAN** * **recline**: to lean back; to lie down * **regain**: to gain again; to take back * **remain**: to stay behind; to be left; to continue to be * **reorganize**: to organize again * **request**: to ask (originally: to seek again)
232
**RECT**
**: STRAIGHT, RIGHT** * **correct**: to set right * **direct**: to guide; to put straight * **erect**: upright; starting up straight * **rectangle**: a four-sided figure in which every angle is a right angle * **rectitude**: moral uprightness; moral straightness
233
**REG**
**: KING, RULE** * **interregnum**: a period between kings * **realm**: a kingdom; a domain * **regal**: kingly; royal * **regent**: one who serves on behalf of a king; one who rules * **regicide**: killing a king; one who kills a king * **regiment**: a body of troops in army; to form into such a body; to subject to strict rule * **regular**: having a structure following some rule; orderly; normally used; average
234
**RETRO**
**: BACKWARD** * **retroactive**: extending to things that happened in the past * **retrofit**: to install newer parts into an older device or structure * **retrograde**: moving backward; appearing to move backward * **retrospective**: looking back at the past
235
**RID / RIS**
**: TO LAUGH** * **derision**: the act of mockery * **risible**: causing laughter
236
**ROG**
**: TO ASK** * **abrogate**: to abolish by formal means * **arrogant**: making claims to superior importance or rights * **arrogate**: to claim unwarrantably or presumptuously * **derogatory**: belittling, disparaging * **interrogate**: to ask questions of, esp. formally * **surrogate**: a person appointed to act for another
237
**RUB / RUD**
**: RED** * **rouge**: a red powder used as makeup * **rubella**: German measles; a diease marked by red spots * **rubicund**: reddish; rosy-cheeked * **rubric**: a rule; a guide for scoring tests; a heading in a book set in red letters * **russet**: reddish-brown; a coarse cloth, usually reddish-brown; a type of apple or pear, typically reddish-brown
238
**RUD**
**: CRUDE** * **erudite**: scholarly; learned (that is, trained out of crudeness) * **rude**: uncivilized; impolite * **rudimentary**: underdeveloped; related to rudiments * **rudiments**: first principles; imperfect first step fo one's training
239
**SACR / SANCT**
**: HOLY** * **execrable**: abominable * **sacrament**: something regarded as possessing sacred character * **sacred**: devoted or dedicated to a deity or religious purpose * **sacrifice**: the offering of some living or inanimate thing to a deity in homage * **sacrilege**: the violation of anything sacred * **sanctify**: to make holy * **sanction**: authoritative permission or approval
240
**SAG / SAP / SAV**
**: TASTE, THINKING, DISCERNING** * **insipid**: tasteless * **sagacious**: perceptive; discerning; insightful * **sage**: wise * **sapient**: wise * **savant**: a learned person * **savor**: taste; to enjoy flavors
241
**SAL / SIL / SAULT / SULT**
**: TO LEAP, TO JUMP** * **assault**: a sudden or violent attack * **desultory**: at random, ummethodical * **exult**: to show or feel triumphant joy * **insolent**: boldly rude or disrespectful * **insult**: to treat with contemptuous rudeness * **resilient**: able to spring back to an original from after compression * **salient**: prominent or conspicuous * **somerault**: to roll the body end over end, making a complete revolution
242
**SAL**
**: SALT** * **salary**: payment for services (originally: money for Roman soldiers to buy salt) * **saline**: containing salt; salty
243
**SALU**
: HEALTH * salubrious: healthful * salutary: healthful * salute: to greet; a gesture of greeting (originally: to wish good health)
244
**SALV**
**: TO SAVE** * **salvage**: to save; something saved or recovered * **salvation**: being saved * **savior**: one who saves
245
**SAN**
**: HEALTHY** * **sane**: mentally healthy * **sanitarium**: a place of healing * **sanitary**: promoting health; related to conditions that affect health, such as cleanliness
246
**SANG**
: BLOOD * **consanguinity**: being related by blood * **sanguinary**: bloody; bloodthirsty * **sanguine**: hopful; confident ( from the "sanguine humor." which was believed to be associated with those traits)
247
**SAT**
**: ENOUGH** * **assets**: property; possesions (originally: enough property to cover one's debts) * **dissatisfied**: feeling that one does not have enough * **state**: to fill * **satify**: to meet one's desires; to meet an obligation; to provide with enough * **saturate**: to fill completely; to entirely satisfy
248
**SCI**
**: TO KNOW** * **conscience**: the inner sense of what is right or wrong; impelling one toward right action * **conscious**: aware of one's own existence * **omniscient**: knowing everything * **prescient**: having knowledge of thing before they happen * **unconscionable**: unscupuslous
249
**SCRIBE / SCRIPT**
**: TO WRITE** * **ascribe**: to credit or assign, as to a cause or course * **circumscribe**: to draw a line around * **conscription**: draft * **describe**: to tell or depict in words * **postcript**: any addition or supplement * **proscribe**: to condemn as harmful or odious * **scribble**: to write hastily or carelessly * **script**: handwriting * **transcript**: a written or typed copy
250
**SE**
**: APART, AWAY** * **secede**: to withdraw formally from an association * **sedition**: incitement of discontent or rebellion against a government * **seduce**: to lead astray * **segregate**: to separate or set apart from others * **select**: to choose in preference to another * **separate**: to keep apart; divide * **sequester**: to remove or withdraw into solitude or retirement
251
**SEC / SEQU / SUE / SUI**
**: TO FOLLOW** * **non sequitur**: an inference or a conclsion that does not follow from the premises * **obsequious**: fawning * **prosecute**: to seek to enforce by legal process * **pursue**: to chase after * **second**: next after the first * **sequence**: the following of one thing after another * **suite**: a series; a set (originally: a train of followesrs)
252
**SED / SESS / SID**
**: TO SIT, TO SETTLE** * **assiduous**: diligent, persistent, hardworking (literally, "sitting down" to business) * **dissident**: disagreeing, as in opinion or attitude (literally, "sitting apart") * **insidious**: intended to entrap or beguile; lying in wait to entrap * **preside**: to exercise management or control; to sit in the leader's chair * **resident**: a person who lives in a place * **residual**: remaining, leftover * **sediment**: the matter at which settle to the bottom of liquid * **session**: a meeting at which people sit together in dicussion
253
**SEM**
**: SEED, TO SOW** * **disseminate**: to spread; to scatter around * **semen**: seed ( of male animals) * **seminary**: a school, esp. for religious training (originally: a place for raising plants)
254
**SEMI**
**: HALF** * **semicircle**: half a circle * **semiconscious**: only partly conscious; half awake
255
**SEN**
**: OLD ** * **senate**: the highest legislative body (from " council of elders") * **senescent**: getting old * **senile**: relating to old afe: experiencing memory loss or other age-related mental impairments * **sire**: a title for a king; a father (originally: an important person, an old man)
256
**SENS / SENT**
**: TO FEEL, TO BE AWARE** * **dissent**: to differ in opinion, esp. from the majority * **insensate**: without feeling or sensitivity * **presentiment**: a feeling that something is about to happen * **resent**: to feel or show displeasure * **sense**: any of the faculties by which humans and animals perceive stimuli originating outside the body * **sensory**: of or pertaining to the senses or sensation
257
**SIN / SINU**
**: BEND, FOLD, CURVE** * **insinuate**: to introduce in sneaky or winding ways * **sinuous**: moving in a bending or wavy manner * **sinus**: a curved or irregularly shaped cavity in the body, such as those related to the nostrils
258
**SOL**
**: ALONE** * **desolate**: deserted; laid waste; left alone * **isolate**: to set apart from others * **soliloquize**: talk to oneself; talk onstage as if oneself * **solipism**: the belief that the only thing that really exists, or can really be known, is oneself * **solitude**: that state of being alone
259
**SOL**
**: TO LOOSEN, TO FREE** * **absolution**: forgiveness for wrongdoing * **dissolute**: indifferent to moral restraints * **dissolution**: the act or process of dissolving into parts or elements * **dissolve**: to make a solution of as by mixing in a liquid * **resolution**: a formal expreesion of opinion or intention made * **soluble**: capable of being dissolved or liquefied
260
**SOL**
: SUN * parasol: an umbella that protects from the sun * solar: related to the sun * solarium: a sumroom; a room with windows for taking in the sun * solistice: one of two days when the sun reaches its highest point at noon and seems to stand still
261
**SOMN**
**: SLEEP** * **insomnia**: inability to sleep * **somnambulist**: a sleepwalker * **somniferous**: sleep-inducing * **somniloquist**: one who talks while asleep * **somnolent**: sleep-inducing; sleepy; drowsy
262
**SOPH**
**: WISDOM** * **philosopher**: one who studies logic, beauty, truth, etc. one who seeks wisdom * **sophism**: a superficially appealing but fallacious argument * **sophisticated**: complex; worldly; experienced
263
**SOURC / SURG / SURRECT**
**: TO RISE** * **insurgent**: rising up in revolution; rushing in * **insurrection**: risingj up in armed rebellion * **resurrection**: coming back to life; rising again * **source**: where something comes from (such as spring water rising out of the ground) * **surge**: to rise up forcefully, as ocean waves
264
**SPEC / SPIC**
**: TO LOOK, TO SEE** * **circumspect**: watchful and discreet, cautious * **conspicuous**: easily seen or noticed; readily observable * **persepctive**: one's mental view of facts, ideas, and their interrelationships * **perspicacious**: having keen mental perception and understanding * **retrospective**: contemplative of past situations * **specious**: deceptively attractive * **spectrum**: a broad range of related things that form a continuous series * **speculation**: the contemplation or consideraton of some subject
265
**SPIR**
**: BREATH** * **aspire**: to desire; to pant for (originally: to breath on) * **expire**: to breath out; to breath one's last; to come to an end * **spirit**: the breath of life; the soul; an incorporeal supernatural being; an outlook; a lively quality
266
**STA / STI**
**: TO STAND, TO BE IN PLACE** * **apostasy**: renunciation of an object of one's previous loyalty * **constitute**: to make up * **destitute**: without means of subsistence * **obstinate**: stubbornly adhering to a purpose, opinion, or course of action * stasis: the state of equilibrium or inactivity caused by opposing equal forces * **static**: of bodies or forces at rest or in equilibrium
267
**STRICT / STRING / STRAN**
**: TO TIGHTEN, TO BIND** * **​astringent**: causing to tighten * **constrain**: to confine; to bind within certain limits * **restriction**: a limitation * **strangle**: to kill by suffocation, usally by tightening a cord or one's hand around the throat
268
**SUA**
**: SWEET, PLEASING, TO URGE** * **assuage: **to make less severe, ease, relieve * **dissuade**: to deter; to advise against * **persuade**: to encourage; to convince * **suave**: smoothly agreeable or polite; sweet
269
**SUB / SUP**
: BELOW, UNDER * **subliminal**: existing or operating below the threshold of confidence * **submissive**: inclined or ready to submit * **subsidiary**: serving to assist or supplement * **subterfuge**: an artifice or expedient used to evade a rule * **subtle**: thin, tenuous, or rarefied * **suppose**: to put down as hypothesis; to use as the underlying basis of an argument; to assume
270
**SUMM**
**: HIGHEST, TOTAL** * **consummate**: highly qualified; complete; perfect * **sum**: total; amount of money * **summary**: concise statement of the total findings on a subject; comprehensive * **summit**: hightest point
271
**SUPER / SUR**
**: OVER, ABOVE** * **supercilious**: arrogant, haughty, condescending * **superfluous**: extra, more than necessary * **superlative**: the highest kind or order * supersede: to replace in power, as by another person or thing * **surmount**: to get over or across, to prevail * **surpass**: to go beyond in amount, extent, or degree * **surveillance**: a watch kept over someone or something
272
**SYM / SYN**
**: TOGETHER** * **symbiosis**: living together in a mutually beneficial relationship * **symmetry**: balanced proportions; having opposite parts that mirror one another * **sympathy**: affinity; feeling affected by what happens to another * **symposium**: a meeting at which ideas are discussed ( originally: a party at which people drink together) * **synonym**: a word that means the same thing as another * **synthesis**: combining things to create a new whole
273
**TAC / TIC**
**: TO BE SILENT** * **reticent**: disposed to be silent or not to speak freely * **tacit**: unspoken understanding * **tacitum**: uncommunicative
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**TACT / TAG / TAM / TANG **
**: TO TOUCH** * **contact: **to touch; to get in touch * **contagious**: able to spread by contact, as disease * **contaminate**: to corrupt, taint, or otherwise damage the integrity of something by contact or mixture * **contiguous**: directly touching; sharing a boundary * **intact**: untouched; whole * **intangible**: unable to be tounched * **tactile**: pertaining to tounch; tounchable
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**TAIN / TEN / TENT / TIN**
**: TO HOLD** * **abstention**: the act of refraning voluntarily * **detain**: to keep from proceeding * **pertain**: to have reference or relation * **pertinacious**: persistent, stubborn * **sustenance**: nourishment, means of livelihood * **tenable**: capable of being held, maintained, or defended * **tenacious**: holding fast * **tenure**: the holding or possessing of anything
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**TEND / TENS / TENT / TENU**
**: TO STRETCH , TO THIN** * **attenuate**: to weaken or reduce in force * **contentious**: quarrelsome, disagreeable, belligerent * **distend**: to expand by strecting * **extenuating**: making less serious by offering excuses * **tendentious**: having a predisposition toward a point of view * **tension**: the act of stretching or straining * **tentative**: of the nature of, or done as a trial, attempt
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**TEST**
**: TO BEAR WITNESS** * **attest**: bear witness * **contest**: to dispute (from brining a lawsuit by calling witnesses) * **detest**: to despise; to hate ( originally: to curse something by calling upon God to witness it) * **protest**: a dissent; a declaration, esp. of disagreement * **testament**: a statment of a person's wishes for the disposal of his or her property after death; a will * **testify**: bear witness
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**THO**
**: GOD** * **apotheosis**: glorification, glorified ideal * **atheist**: one who does not believe in deity ro divine system * **theocracy**: a form of government in which a deity is recogized as the supreme ruler * **theology**: the study of divine things and divine faith
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**THERM**
**: HEAT** * **thermal**: relating to heat; retaining heat * **thermometer**: a device for measuring heat * **thermonuclear**: relating to a nuclear reaction that takes place at high temperatures * **thermostat**: device for regulating heat
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**TIM**
**: FEAR** * **intimidate: **to strike fear into; to make fearful * **timid:** fearful; shy
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**TOR / TORQ / TORT**
**: TO TWIST** * **contort**: to twist; to distort * **distort**: to pull out of shape, often by twisting; to twist or misrepresent facts * **extort**: to wring money, property, or services out of somebody using threats or force * **torch**: a portable flame used for light ( perhaps derived from hemp twisted around sticks, then dipped in pitch) * **torque**: twisting force; a force that creats rotation * **tort**: a wrongful act (other than breach of contract) that legally entitles one to damages * **torture**: to inflict pain ( including by twisting instrument like the rack or wheel)
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**TORP**
**: STIFF, NUMB** * **torpedo: **a explosive weapon used to sink ships (originally: a fish-the electric ray-that could shock vitims to numbness) * **torpid**: numbed; sluggish * **torpor**: numbness; listlessness; apathy
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**TOX**
**: POISON** * **antioxin: **antibody that counteracts a given poison * **intoxication**: being poisoned; drunknness * **toxic**: poisonous
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**TRACT**
**: TO DRAG, TO PULL, TO DRAW** * **abstract**: to draw ot pull away, remove * **attract**: to draw either by physical force or by an appeal to emotions or senses * **contract**: a legally binding document * **detract**: to take away from, esp. a positive thing * **protract**: to prolong, draw out, extend * **tractable**: easily managed or controlled * **tractor**: a powerful vehicle used to pull farm machinery
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**TRANS**
**: ACROSS, BEYOND** * **intransigent**: refusing to agree or compromise * **transaction**: the act of carrying on or conduct to a conclusion or settlement * **transcendent**: going beyond ordinary limits * **transgress**: to violate a law, command, or moral code * **transition**: a change from one way of being to another * **transparent**: easily seen through, recognized, or detected
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**ULT**
**: LAST, BEYOND** * **penultimate**: second-to-last * **ulterior**: beyond what is immediately present; future; beyond what is stated; hidden * **ultimate**: last; final * **ultimatum**: final offer; final term * **ultraviolet**: beyond the violet end of the spectrum
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**UMBR**
**: SHADOW** * **adumbrate**: to foreshadow; to sketch; to overshadow * **penumbra**: a shaded area between pure shadow and pure light * **somber**: gloomy; darkened * **umbrage**: shade; shadow; displeasure; resentment * **umbrella**: a device providing shade from the sun or protection from rain
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**UN**
**: NOT** * **unseen: **not seen * **unusual**: not usual; exceptional; strange
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**UND**
**: WAVE** * **abound: **to be plentiful; to overflow (from water flowing in waves) * **inundate**: to flood * **undulate**: to move in a wavelike way
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**UNI / UN**
**: ONE** * **reunion: **a meeting that brings people back together * **unanimous**: of one mind; in complete accord * **uniform**: of one kind; consistent * **universe**: all things considered as one whole
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**URB**
**: CITY** * **suburb**: a rediential area just outside a city; an outlying area of a city * **urban**: relating to a city * **urbane**: polite; refined; polished ( considered characteristic of those in cities) * **urbanization**: the process of an area becoming more like a city
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**US / UT**
**: TO USE** * **abuse**: to use wrongly or improperly * **usage**: a customary way of doing something * **usurp**: to seize and hold * **utilitarian**: efficient, functional, useful
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**VAIL / VAL**
**: STENGTH, USE, WORTH** * **ambivalent**: being caught between contradictory feeling of equal power or worth * **avail**: to have force; to be useful; to be of value * **convalescent**: recovering strength; healing * **equivalent**: of equal worth, strength, or use * **evaluate**: to determine the worth of * **invalid**: having no force or strength; void * **valediction**: a farewell (from wishing that someone be well; i.e. that someone have strength) * **valid**: having force; legally binding; effective; useful * **value**: worth
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**VEN / VENT**
**: TO COME OR TO MOVE TOWARD** * **adventitous**: accidental * **contravene**: to come into conflict with * **convene**: to assemble for some public purpose * **intervene**: to come between disputing factions, mediate * **venturesome**: showing a disposition to undertake risks
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**VER**
**: TRUTH** * **aver**: to affirm, to declare to be true * **veracious**: habitually truthful * **verdict**: a judgment or decision * **verisimilitude**: the apperance or semblance of truth * **verity**: truthfulness
296
**VERB**
: **WORD** * **proverb**: an adage; a byword; a short, commonly known saying * **verbatim**: exactly as stated; word-for word * **verbose**: wordy * **verbiage**: excessive use of words; diction
297
**VERD**
: **GREEN** * **verdant**: green with vegetation; inexperienced * **verdure**: fresh, rich vegetation
298
**VERS / VERT**
**: TO TURN** * **aversion**: dislike * **avert**: to turn away from * **controversy**: a public dispute involving a matter of opinion * **diverse**: of a different kind, form, character * **extrovert**: an outgoing person * **inadvertent**: unintentional * **introvert**: a person concerned primarily with inner thoughts and feeling * **revert**: to return to a former habit
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**VI**
: **LIFE** * **convivial**: sociable * **joie de vivre**: joy of life (French expression) * viable: capable of living * **vivacity**: the quality of being lively, animated, spirited * **vivid**: strinking bright or intense
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**VID / VIS **
**: TO SEE** * **adviser**: one who gives counsel * **evident**: plain or clear to the sight or understanding * **survey**: to view in a general or comprehensive way * **video**: element pertaining to the transimission or reception of an image * **vista**: a view or prospect
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**VIL**
**: BASE, MEAN** * **revile**: to criticize with harsh language * **vile**: loathsome, unpleasant * **vilify**: to slander, to defame
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**VIRU**
**: POISON** * **virulent**: acrimonious; very bitter; very poisonous * **viruliferous**: containing a virus * **virus**: a submicroscopic agent that infects an organism and causes disease
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**VOC / VOK**
**: CALL, WORD** * **advocate**: to support or urge by argument * **avocation**: something one does in addition to a principle occupation * **convoke**: to call together * **equivocate**: to use ambiguous or unclear exprssions * **invoke**: to call together * **vocabulary**: the stock of words used by or known to a particular person or group * **vocation**: a particular occupation * **vociferous**: crying out noisily
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**VOL**
**: WISH** * **benevolent**: characterized by or expressing goodwill * **malevolent**: characterized by or expressing bad will * **volition**: free choice, free will; act of choosing * **voluntary**: undertaken of one's own accord or by free choice
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**VOLU / VOLV**
**: TO ROLL, TO TURN** * **convolution**: a twisting or folding * **evolve**: to develop naturally; literally, to unfold or unroll * **revolt**: to rebel; to turn against those in authority * **revolve**: to rotate; to turn around * **voluable**: easily turning; fluent; changable * **volume**: a book ( origianally: a scroll ); size or dimensions (originally: of a book)
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**VOR**
**: TO EAT** * **carnivorous**: meat-eating * **omnivorous**: eating or absoring everything * **voracious**: having a great appetite