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Endodontics > Root Canal Anatomy and Access > Flashcards

Root Canal Anatomy and Access Flashcards

1
Q

What kinds of root canals are there and how is each type cleaned

A

There are lots of types but main canals can be mechanically negotiated but lateral canals, fins and deltas can only be cleaned chemically

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2
Q

Where is the canal orifice

A

Often below the cusp tip or cingulum in posterior or anterior teeth respectively

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3
Q

What colour is the floor of the pulp chamber

A

Often different from rest and is more blue/grey than walls of the pulp chamber

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4
Q

What types of apical constrictions are there

A

Type A: Traditional, single constriction at the root apex
Type B: Tapering constriction that gets narrower and narrower towards the bottom
Type C: has multiple constrictions, looks like peristalsis motion
Type D: Parallel constriction, constricts before the root apex and has small canal to the apex

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5
Q

How many roots are there in maxillary incisors and what are their mean root canal lengths

A
  • Mainly one root canal
  • Max. central = 22.5mm
  • Max. lateral = 22mm.
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6
Q

How should you try to access the cavity of the maxillary incisors

A
  • Near incisal edge
  • Leave cingulum intact if possible to provide max retention for a crown if needed
  • Triangular shape access cavity
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7
Q

How many roots are there in mandibular incisors and what are their mean root canal lengths

A
  • Over 40% have 2 canals that usually join in the apical third
  • Canals found buccal and lingual
  • Only 5% have 2 canals with 2 exits
  • Mean length = 20.7mm
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8
Q

How should you try to access the cavity of the mandibular incisors

A
  • Similar to maxillary incisors

- May have to be near incisor edge and slightly under the cingulum

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9
Q

How many roots are there in maxillary canines and what are their mean root canal lengths, where is the root wider

A
  • Mainly one root canal
  • Root wide labio-palatally
  • Apical 1/3 maybe distal curvature
  • Mean length = 26.5mm
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10
Q

How should you try to access the cavity of the maxillary canines

A
  • Near incisor edge
  • Leave cingulum intact if possible to provide max retention for a crown if needed
  • Ovoid shape access cavity
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11
Q

How many roots are there in mandibular canines and what are their mean root canal lengths

A
  • Mean length 22.5mm
  • tooth resembles max canine but is smaller
  • rarely has 2 roots
  • 14% = 2 canals that join apically
  • 6% = 2 canals separate exits
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12
Q

How should you try to access the cavity of the mandibular canines

A
  • Near incisor edge
  • Leave cingulum intact if possible to provide max retention for a crown if needed
  • Ovoid shape access cavity
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13
Q

How many roots are there in Max. 1st premolars and what are their mean root canal lengths, where is the root wider

A
  • Mean length = 20.6mm
  • Generally 2 roots, 2 canals
  • Lateral canals, apical region 49%
  • Pulp chamber wide buccopalatal
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14
Q

How many roots are there in Max. 2nd premolars and what are their mean root canal lengths

A
  • Mean length = 20.6mm
  • Usually single rooted
  • If 2 canals usually converge
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15
Q

How should you try to access the cavity of the Max premolars

A
  • Outline ovoid bucco-palatal, for 1st premolar access usually extended more bucco-palatal
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16
Q

How many roots are there in Mand. premolars and what are their mean root canal lengths

A
  • Mean length = 21.6mm
  • Tend to be single root with a single canal
  • Occasionally present with division of roots in the apical 1/2
17
Q

How should you try to access the cavity of the Mand. premolars

A
  • Outline ovoid bucco-palatal
18
Q

What is the mean length of root canals in max. 1st molars

A

20.8mm

19
Q

Describe the 4 pulp horns of Max. 1st molar

A
  • Mesio-buccally longest and sharpest in outline

- Disto-buccally smaller than the Mesio-buccal horn but larger than the 2 Palatal pulp horns

20
Q

How many canals are roots are there in the max. 1st molars

A
  • Usually 3 roots, 4 canals
21
Q

How should you try to access the cavity of the Max. 1st molar

A
  • Mesial 2/3 of occlusal surface leaving oblique ridge leaving oblique ridge intact
  • Triangular in outline, base buccally, apex palatal
22
Q

What is an MB2 and how common is it

A

It is the second mesio-buccal canal in maxillary molars that is present in 71-93% of molars

23
Q

Where is the MB2 usually found on max. 1st molars

A
  • MB2 lies on an imaginary line joining the major canal and the palatal canal orifice, 1.82mm on average palatally
  • A groove in this area on the floor of the pulp chamber maybe an indication of an MB2
24
Q

AY BAWS CAN I HABE DE NOTE PLZ

A

You’re gonna need some mad magnification if you want to identify the MB2 well

25
Q

Describe the anatomy of the root canals of the Max. 2nd molar

A
  • Mean length = 20mm
  • Smaller replica of 1st molar
  • Roots less divergent
  • Root fusion more frequent than 1st molars
  • Buccal canal orifices tend to be closer together
  • 3 roots, 3 canals
  • Approx. 60% have 4 canals
26
Q

How should you try to access the cavity of the Max. 2nd molar

A
  • Mesial 2/3 of occlusal surface leaving oblique ridge intact
  • Triangular in outline, base buccally, apex palatal
  • 2nd molars show mesio-distal flattening of pulp chamber that is more mesially placed
27
Q

Describe the anatomy of the root canals of the Mand. 1st molar

A
  • Mean length = 21mm.
  • Usually 2 roots, 3 canals
  • 2 canals mesially, 1 distally
  • 45% of canals in mesial root have 1 foramina
  • 25% of distal roots have 2 canals, 1/2 of which have separate apical foramina

NB - if distal canal is central and in line with the Mesio-distal axis, most likely has one canal, if off centre look for another canal

28
Q

How should you try to access the cavity of the Mand. 1st molar

A
  • Trapezoid outline

- Placed in the mesial 2/3 of occlusal surface

29
Q

Describe the anatomy of the root canals of the Mand. 2nd molar

A
  • Mean length - 19.8mm
  • Mesial root 2 canals and distal usually only 1
  • Mesial canal can fuse apically to give one apical foramen
30
Q

How should you try to access the cavity of the Mand. 2nd molar

A
  • Trapezoid outline
  • Placed in the mesial 2/3 of occlusal surface
  • In 2nd molar can have a more triangular outline sometimes
31
Q

What are some of the principles of cutting a coronal access cavity

A
  • Remove entire contents of pulp chamber
  • Allow inspection of all the pulp chamber
  • To gain straight line access to the first curve of the root canal
32
Q

What are the objectives of cutting a coronal access cavity

A
  • Remove the entire roof of the pulp chamber
  • Allow visualisation of all root canal orifices
  • Be dynamic i.e. should be enlarged if the straight line access to all the canals cannot be obtained via initial cavity
  • Have convergent wall in an apical direction to support the temporary dressing material
  • To conserve as much toot tissue as possible to prevent weakening

Endodontics (9 decks)

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