Root of the Neck

Question 1

What major structures are part of the root of the neck?

Answer 1

Esophagus

Trachea

Question 2

What muscle are within the root of the neck?

Answer 2

SCM
Trapezius
Scalene

Question 3

What are the arteries within the root of the neck?

Answer 3

3 subclavian branches

Vertebral
Inferior Thyroid
Deep Cervical

Question 4

What veins are within the root of the neck?

Answer 4

Tributaries to the subclavian veins (i.e. int/ext jugular)

Question 5

What nerves are within the root of the neck?

Answer 5

Phrenic
Vagus
Sympathetic Chains
Brachial Plexus

Question 6

What muscle divides the neck into anterior and lateral/posterior triangles?

Answer 6

The Sternoclydomastoid Muscle

Question 7

What are the muscles of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 7

Ant/Post Belly of Digastric

Sup Belly of Omohyoid

Question 8

What are the vessels of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 8

Int/Ext jugular veins

Int/Ext carotid arteries

Question 9

What are the glands anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 9

Thyroid

Parathyroid

Question 10

What are the nerves of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 10

Spinal n

Cranial n

Question 11

What type of viscera is within the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 11

Larynx
Trachea
Esophagus

Question 12

What muscles are within the lateral triangle of the neck?

Answer 12

Levator scapulae
Splenius capitus
Scalene

Question 13

What vessels are within the lateral triangle of the neck?

Answer 13

Subclavian a 
Transverse cervical a
Suprascapular branches
Dorsal Scapular a
Ext. Jugular

Question 14

What nerves are within the lateral triangle of the neck?

Answer 14

Spinal Accessory
Brachial Plexus
Superficial Branches of the cervical plexus

Question 15

List the direct branches of the external carotid artery.

Answer 15

Superior thyroid a
Ascending pharyngeal a
Lingual a
Facial a
Occipital a
Posterior Auricular a
Maxillary a (terminal branch)
Superficial temporal a (temporal branch)

Question 16

What triangles are the supra hyoid muscles located in?

Answer 16

Submental

Submandibular

Question 17

What actions do the supra hyoid muscles perform?

Answer 17

Raise the hyoid

Depress the mandible

Question 18

List the 5 supra hyoid muscles.

Answer 18

Digastric (ant/post belly)
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

Question 19

What is the innervation of the Anterior belly of the digastric?

Answer 19

V3 Efferents

Question 20

What is the innervation of the Posterior belly of the digastric?

Answer 20

General Efferents from VII

Question 21

What is the innervation of the Stylohyoid?

Answer 21

CN VII

Question 22

What is the innervation of the Mylohyoid?

Answer 22

V3 efferents

Question 23

What is the innervation of the Geniohyoid?

Answer 23

C1-3

Question 24

What triangle are the infra hyoids located in?

Answer 24

The Muscular Triangle

Question 25

What is the innervation of the infra hyoids?

Answer 25

Cervical Plexus specifically the Ansa Cervicalis

Question 26

What is the action of the infra hyoids?

Answer 26

Depress the hyoid bone

Question 27

What are the 4 infra hyoid muscles?

Answer 27

Omohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid

Question 28

List the tributaries of the internal jugular vein.

Answer 28

``` Facial v Superior Thyroid v Middel Thyroid v Lingual v Pharyngeal Plexus Occipital v ```

Question 29

How many superior cervical ganglia and what are they?

Answer 29

3: Cervicothoracic (stellate) Middle Cervical Superior Cervical

Question 30

What is the Carotid Body?

Answer 30

A chemoreceptor that is stimulated by chemical changes (changes in O2 levels) that helps control respiration

Question 31

Where is the Carotid Body located?

Answer 31

At the bifurcation of the common carotid as an ovoid body

Question 32

What is the Carotid Sinus?

Answer 32

A spindle shaped dilation that functions as a baroceptor and is stimulated by changes in BP

Question 33

Where is the Carotid Sinus located?

Answer 33

At the origin of the internal carotid artery

Question 34

Too what nerves can damage be found as a result of thyroid surgery and why?

Answer 34

The recurrent and external laryngeal nerves because they are closely entangled with the inferior thyroid arteries

Question 35

Unilateral injury of the thyroid nerves results in ____?

Answer 35

Hoarseness

Question 36

Bilateral injury of the thyroid nerves results in ____?

Answer 36

Aphonia | Laryngeal Spasm

Question 37

What can unintentional removal of the parathyroid gland result in and why?

Answer 37

Can result in teeny (severe convulsions) due to decline in serum calcium levels

Question 38

What are the 3 main causes of Horner's Syndrome?

Answer 38

Thyroid carcinoma in cervical sympathetic trunk Pancoast's Tumor at apex of lung (injury to stellate) Penetrating neck trauma at cervical sympathetic nerves

Question 39

3 Signs of Horner's Syndrome

Answer 39

Ipsilateral Ptosis Miosis Anhydrosis

Question 40

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

Answer 40

Pain along the course of the trigeminal nerve (especially V2, V3)

Question 41

What are common causes of trigeminal neuralgia?

Answer 41

Aberrant blood vessels Aneurysms Chronic Meningeal Inflammation Brain Tumors compressing CN V

Question 42

The facial artery is a branch of what major artery?

Answer 42

Internal Carotid

Question 43

What 3 arteries does the facial artery branch into?

Answer 43

Inferior labial Superior labial Lateral nasal

Question 44

The superficial temporal artery is the terminal branch of what major artery?

Answer 44

External Carotid

Question 45

The superficial temporal artery branches into what 5 arteries?

Answer 45

``` Transverse facial Zygomatico-orbital Medial temporal Anterior auricular Frontal ```

Question 46

The facial vein begins as the angular from the confluence of what two veins?

Answer 46

Supraorbital and supratrochlear

Question 47

The facial vein receives blood from what two veins?

Answer 47

Infraorbital | Deep facial

Question 48

What does the facial vein drain into?

Answer 48

The internal jugular vein

Question 49

What is cavernous sinus thrombosis?

Answer 49

Formation of thrombosis in the cavernous sinus

Question 50

What is cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by?

Answer 50

Bacterial Infections

Question 51

What is the most common cause of spread of infection to the cavernous sinus?

Answer 51

Squeeze pimple above the upper lip near the noise

Question 52

What regulates secretion from the thyroid and parathyroid glands?

Answer 52

The pituitary glands