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Botany Lec Midterms > Roots > Flashcards

Roots Flashcards

1
Q

main root that develops from the radicle

A

Taproot system

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2
Q

Type of root system that is for storage, reaching for water underground

A

Taproot system

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3
Q

Short lived radicle and is replaced by
adventitious roots

A

Fibrous root system

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4
Q

What are the size of roots in taproot system?

A

Different sizes

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5
Q

Sizes of roots in fibrous root system

A

Similar

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6
Q

Root system that prevent erosion

A

Fibrous root system

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7
Q

commonly what type of plants have taproot system?

A

dicot and gymnosperm

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8
Q

commonly what type of plants have fibrous root system?

A

monocot

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9
Q

Three main function of roots?

A

Anchorage, absorption, and conduction

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10
Q

Modified root that plant reserves for carbohydrates, starch, nutrients, etc.

A

Storage Root

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11
Q

Modified root for water retention, photosynthesis, and support

A

Aerial Root

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12
Q

Plants that get nutrients and water from air and it is attached to another plant

A

Epiphytic

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13
Q

Are epiphytic plants get nutrients to the host they attach to? (yes or no)

A

No

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14
Q

The root epidermis composed of several layers of dead cells and it acts as a waterproof barrier

A

Velamen

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15
Q

Why does the velamen not permit water to leave the sides of the roots?

A

to prevent transpiration due to the environment

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16
Q

Vanilla planifolia is what type of modified root

A

Aerial root for photosynthesis

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17
Q

A modified root in which there is a host that is invaded by the germinating seed due to seed dispersal

A

Strangler fig

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18
Q

Does lenticels regulate gas exchange? (yes or no)

A

No

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19
Q

What is the function of lenticels?

A

to assist gas exchange

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20
Q

Modified root that give architectural support to the trunks of tall trees

A

buttress roots

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21
Q

Modified root that is produced by
trees such as mangroves that inhabit tidal swamps.

A

Pneumatophores

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22
Q

A term describing a plant organ that grows in an unusual location, such as roots arising from stems or leaves.

A

Adventitious

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23
Q

This modified root functions to keep the plant upright and provide a surface for nutrient and water uptake and gas exchange.

A

Brace root

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24
Q

Other term for brace root

A

stilt roots

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25
Q

Where does the brace roots come from in sugar cane and pandan?

A

nodes

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26
Q

Roots that function for support and transpiration, especially in mangroves

A

Prop roots

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27
Q

Cells that form spongy tissues for
gas exchange.

A

Aerenchyma cells

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28
Q

How many percent of parenchyma cells in pneumatophores

A

80% parenchyma

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29
Q

It keeps the at proper depth

A

Contractile roots

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30
Q

It is a specialized root that adheres to the host by secreting adhesive or grows around branch/root

A

Hausteria

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31
Q

Why does the hausteria attack the xylem and not the phloem?

A

because it can make its own food

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32
Q

What can a parasitic plant get from a xylem

A

water and nutrients

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33
Q

It is a relationship where there is a mutualism between fungus/fungi and the plant

A

symbiotic relationship

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34
Q

these are fungi that has a symbiotic relationship with the plants.

A

Mycorrhizae

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35
Q

What does host provide to fungi?

A

Organic substance

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36
Q

What does fungi provide to host?

A

absorb nutrients from the soil

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37
Q

This relationship helps plants able to tolerate stress better

A

Mycorrhizae

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38
Q

fungal hyphae invades root and forms extensive netlike structure BETWEEN
cortical cells

A

Ectomycorrhizal roots

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39
Q

mycorrhizae relationship common in Herbaceous plants

A

Endomycorrhizal roots

40
Q

A mycorrhizae relationship common in all woody forest plants

A

Ectomycorrhizal relationship

41
Q

branches formed by the fungi

A

arbuscules

42
Q

This is given by the plants cells to the fungi since it cannot live without it

A

sugar

43
Q

This is received by the plant cells through the help of fungi

A

phosphorous

44
Q

What lines the casparian strip?

A

Suberin

45
Q

Unobtrusive filaments on root surface and INVADES cortical cells

A

Endomychorrizal roots

46
Q

This prevents exits of water backflow

A

casparian strip

47
Q

Mutualism between plants and nitrogen-fixing soil rhizobia

A

Root nodules

48
Q

What does a bacteria take and give to the plant

A

sugar, nitrogen

49
Q

Special environment of root nodules

A

anaerobic

50
Q

The common type of plant that are parasitic to a plant because their substrate is the body of another plant

A

angiosperm

51
Q

Protects growing root tip and plays a vital role in gravity perception

A

Root cap

52
Q

This cell acts as statocytes in gravity perception

A

columella cells

53
Q

this is dense to sink where they perceive gravity

A

statoliths

53
Q

plastids that store starch

A

amyloplasts

53
Q

What cells are created when meristematic cells push cells forward into the cap?

A

columella cells

54
Q

What cell secretes mucigel?

A

peripheral cells

54
Q

Cells that results from the push of columella cells to the periphery of the root cap

A

peripheral cells

54
Q

Its function are the following: protection from desiccation and growth of other roots, lubrication and
water and nutrient absorption

A

mucigel

55
Q

What are the feature of the cells in the zone of cell division

A

the cells are small and their nucleus is clearly visible at the center.

55
Q

This includes apical meristem and immediate products

A

zone of cell division

55
Q

What are the feature of the cells in the zone of elongation?

A

cells enlarge due to the vacuole’s absorption of water

55
Q

What are the feature of the cells in the zone of maturation/differentiation?

A

cells are differentiated.

56
Q

This part is mitotically inactive and
reservoir to replace damaged cells of meristem

A

quiescent center

56
Q

What zone of the root has root hairs?

A

zone of maturation

57
Q

complete the following

protoderm –
ground meristem –
procambium –

A

epidermis
cortex
everything inside the vascular cylinder

58
Q

usually one cell thick and differentiated from protoderm

A

epidermis

59
Q

What does the epidermis covers?

A

all root except the root cap

60
Q

Interior to epidermis, originated from ground meristem and it is usually largest in cross-section

A

cortex

61
Q

three layers of cortex

A

hypodermis, storage parenchyma cells, endodermis

62
Q

innermost layer of cortex and lacks intercellular spaces

A

endodermis

63
Q

What is casparian strip composed of?

A

lignin and suberin

64
Q

thin-walled
often contain starch
large intercellular spaces

A

Storage parenchyma cells

65
Q

prominent in roots growing in arid soil and near soil surface and it is lined with suberin

A

epidermis

66
Q

What is the vascular bundles composed of?

A

xylem and phloem

67
Q

Do all plants have root caps?

A

No

68
Q

What plants does not have root cap?

A

aquatic plants

69
Q

gives rise to lateral roots

A

pericycle

70
Q

where does the pith of monocots arise?

A

procambium

70
Q

this is composed of secondary xylem and secondary phloem

A

vascular cambium

71
Q

where does periderm arises?

A

pericycle

72
Q

function in anchorage rather than water absorption

A

lateral roots

73
Q

this replaces the epidermis allowing gas exchange between roots and soil atmosphere

A

periderm

74
Q

is a lateral meristem and is responsible for secondary growth that replaces the epidermis

A

cork cambium

75
Q

Its formation lead to lets to the separation between the primary phloem and the vascular cambium.

A

secondary phloem

76
Q

It is produced by the vascular cambium. It forms the wood of the root, and it is dead tissue in the thicker roots .

A

Secondary xylem

76
Q

links the fascicular cambium and differentiates from pericycle

A

Interfascicular cambium

77
Q

Differentiates from procambial cells between xylem and phloem

A

Fascicular cambium

78
Q

forms vascular rays and commonly short cells

A

Ray Initials

78
Q

What plants lack secondary growth

A

Monocot and herbaceous

79
Q

produce secondary xylem/phloem and its cells are elongated

A

Fusiform Initials

80
Q

What cells composes ray initials for storage

A

parenchyma

81
Q

what is the precursor of pericycle

A

procambium

82
Q

is sunflower a monocot or dicot?

A

dicot

83
Q

what do you call the stele with pith

A

siphonostele

83
Q

what do you call the stele with no pith

A

protostele

84
Q

what plan is siphonostele common?
what plan is protostele common?

A

siphonostele - monocot
protostele - dicot

85
Q

stele of Ranunculus sp.

A

actinostele

Botany Lec Midterms (3 decks)

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