roots

Question 1

roots

Answer 1

greater than 50% of plant biomass, function in stability, communication, absorption, storage, and conduction of food, grow continuously

Question 2

primary root

Answer 2

forms from the radicle, can be the taproot, base for branch roots to form off of

Question 3

root cap

Answer 3

covers the apical meristem in the tip of each root for protection and gravity sensing

Question 4

mucigel

Answer 4

layer of dead shedded root cap cells mixed with cytoplasm, lubricates the root, keeps it moist, contains chemicals to attract beneficial microbes

Question 5

rhizosphere

Answer 5

soil and pieces of soil directly in contact with the roots

Question 6

region of cell division

Answer 6

area directly above the apical meristem where embryonic tissues form

Question 7

region of elongation

Answer 7

division stops and elongation begins, pushing the tip forward, cells start to mature

Question 8

region of maturation

Answer 8

cells are fully grown and differentiated, root hairs form

Question 9

cortex

Answer 9

ground tissue between the epidermis and vascular tissue, store starch in leucoplasts, made of parenchyma cells primary volume of the root

Question 10

endodermis

Answer 10

inner most layer of cortex cells containing lignin and suberin, only found in roots, serves to screen out unwanted substances from entering the vascular tissue

Question 11

casparian strip

Answer 11

layer if lignin and suberin on the cell walls of the endodermis in a ring

Question 12

pericycle

Answer 12

outermost layer of the vascular tissue, location where branch roots begin to form, made of totipotent parenchyma cells

Question 13

arenchyma

Answer 13

specialized parenchyma cells with large air spaces found in wetland plants in roots and stems

Question 14

epidermis

Answer 14

1 cell thick protects the inner cells from the external environment, grow root hairs in the region of maturation

Question 15

exodermis

Answer 15

old roots lose root hairs and gain a layer of suberin to seal out pathogens and act in storage

Question 16

vascular cylinder

Answer 16

contains xylem and phloem and in monocots the pith

Question 17

taproot

Answer 17

primary root remains, becomes long and anchors the plant

Question 18

fibrous root system

Answer 18

primary root dies off leaving a wide bed of branch roots

Question 19

adventitious roots

Answer 19

form off of the stem

Question 20

air layering

Answer 20

method of propagation where a small cut is made in the original plant and kept open to form adventitious roots before the piece is cut off

Question 21

pneumatophores

Answer 21

knees emerge from the ground to obtain oxygen, common in wetland plants

Question 22

root nodules

Answer 22

house nitrogen fixing bacteria on the root for the plant to use, common in legumes, use leghemoglobin to regulate oxygen in the nodes

Question 23

mycorrhizal fungi

Answer 23

can be inside or outside roots, fungi get carbs from the plant, plant gets increased water and nutrient absorption from the fungi