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22-1 Midterm > Ropes And Knots > Flashcards

Ropes And Knots Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

What NFPA covers Ropes, Harness and Hardware?

A

NFPA 1983

Standard on Fire Service Life Safety Rope, Harness, and Hardware

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2
Q

Minimum safety margin of rope and harnesses?

A

15:1

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3
Q

Class I Load Specifications

A

300 lbs. – T (technical / personal) rated equipment – 27 kNewtons

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4
Q

Class II Loads Specifications

A

600 lbs. – G (general) rated equipment – 40 kNewtons

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5
Q

5 Different Rope Types

A
  1. Kernmantle
  2. Laid (Twisted)
  3. Braided
  4. Braid on Braid
  5. Nylon Webbing
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6
Q

Kernmantle Core vs Sheath strength:

A

Core: 70-95% of strength
Sheath: 5-30% of strength

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7
Q

2 Different Types of Kernmantle

A

Static / Dynamic

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8
Q

What is kernmantle made of?

A

100% Nylon

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9
Q

Static Kernmantle Core Bundle

A

Parallel Core Bundle

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10
Q

Static Kernmantle elongation:

A

normally 1% to 10% at 10% of the rated breaking strength (NFPA 1983 requirement)

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11
Q

A rope is considered “static” if it:

A

Stretches no more than 20% at its breakpoint

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12
Q

Are utility and life safety bags on all TFD rigs?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Dynamic Kernmantle bundle construction?

A

Dynamic core has twisted bundle construction

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14
Q

Dynamic Kernmantle Elongation:

A

normally 8% stretch w/200 lb. load, 60% near failure

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15
Q

Dynamic Kernmantle use:

A

Used for climbing and training only by TRT

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16
Q

Dynamic Kernmantle can be:

A
  1. “tight” weave – better abrasion resistance but harder to tie knots
  2. “loose” weave – easier knot-tying but less abrasion resistance
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17
Q

Diameter of Static Kernmantle used by TFD:

A

1/2 In.

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18
Q

Static Kernmantle minimum breaking Strength:

A

9000 lbs

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19
Q

Static Kernmantle maximum working load:

A

600 lbs.

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20
Q

Static Kernmantle weight:

A

7 lbs. per 100’

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21
Q

Static kernmantle used by TFD lengths carried by suppression units and TRT?

A
  1. Suppression units carry 150’ in length

2. TRT carries up to 600’ in length

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22
Q

Identification Markers in core bundle tells you what 3 things?

A
  1. company name
  2. place of manufacture
  3. year of manufacture
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23
Q

Problem with Identification Marker on outside of rope?

A

If it is on the outside of the rope, identification marker is usually destroyed by abrasion or normal wear and tear

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24
Q

Laid Rope Description:

A

Natural fibers (manila hemp) – 3 twisted fibers (yarns) bundled together to form strands

All fibers exposed
• High stretch characteristics

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25
Laid Rope Twist Style:
Rope will twist in opposite direction of lay when under load
26
What is Braided Rope made of?
Made of synthetic material: Nylon & Polypropylene
27
Does braided rope have a core or outer sheath?
No
28
Problem with Braided rope:
Load-bearing fibers are exposed to direct abrasion and damage
29
Braid on Braid Load Share:
50% core | 50% Sheath
30
Braid on Braid Characteristics: (2)
Less abrasion resistance than kernmantle | High stretch characteristics
31
TFD uses polypropylene for: (1)
Swift Water Rescue
32
Nylon webbing is Issued to all uniformed members and used exclusively for:
Hansen Harness
33
Nylon Webbing Construction
continuous nylon fibers woven in a spiral weave to produce tubular shape
34
Nylon Webbing minimum breaking Strength:
4000 lbs.
35
Has Manilla Hemp been replaced by ropes made from synthetic fibers?
Yes
36
Manilla Hemp is used for: (1)
exclusively for non-life safety utility work
37
TFD Ropes are Used For: (5)
1. High Angle 2. Swift Water Rescue 3. Confined Space Rescue 4. Utility Purposes 5. Life Safety
38
6 Types of Damage to Ropes:
1. Abrasion 2. Chemicals 3. Heat/Heat Fusion/Heat of Friction 4. UV Rays 5. Moisture (especially manila hemp) 6. Shock Loading
39
Rope abrasion accounts for __% of failures
90% of failures
40
Kernmantle will yellow after: (Time and Temperature)
five hours of 300 degree heat
41
Kernmantle becomes sticky at:
445 degrees
42
Kernmantle Melts at:
480 degrees
43
Per NFPA 1983 Life safety rope must have minimal melting temp of ___ degrees:
400 Degrees
44
water weakens Kernmantle rope _____% but is recovered when dried.
10-15%
45
WHEN Do We Inspect Lifelines? (2)
1) semi-annually during the June and December quarterly inspections. 2) after each use
46
When are Ladder Halyards inspected?
During monthly ladder inspection
47
Where is rope inspection information kept?
Rope History Log
48
What is on the rope history log? (12)
* Serial # * ID Marking * Length * Manufacturer * Rated Strength * Diameter * Manufacture Lot # * Date of manufacture * Date In Service * Fiber * Color(s) * Construction
49
How to Inspect rope?
Run the rope slowly through the hands
50
What to look for when inspecting rope? (8)
* Discoloration (high heat or damaging chemicals) * Glossy marks (heat fusion) * Cuts or tears in sheath * Exposed core fibers * Obvious changes in diameter (breakage of core strands) * Excessive fraying (broken sheath bundles) * Contamination by damaging chemicals * Inspect label to ensure rope is no older than 10 years (O/S)
51
How to clean rope? (2)
* Clean the rope by chaining it and putting it in a washing machine with a mild soap * Avoid using strong cleansers such as bleach
52
Class I harness description:
fastens around the waist and around the thighs or under the buttocks and is intended to be used for emergency escape with a load of up to 300 lbs. (136 kg)
53
Class II Harness Description
* same as Class I, but rated for loads up to 600 lbs. (272 kg.) * Looks exactly like Class I harness
54
How do you tell a class I and class II harness apart?
Attached label must be used to verify its rating
55
Class III harness description:
Fastens around the waist, around the thighs or under the buttocks, and over the shoulders
56
Class III Harness load rating:
loads up to 600 lbs. (272 kgs.)
57
Carabiners are:
Aluminum or steel connectors that link the rappeler’s webbing to the rope.
58
What are figure 8 descenders used for?
Descending
59
Carabiners used by TFD are locking, modified “D” type (T/F)
True | Locking modified "D"
60
Aluminum carabiners have a minimum rating of ____ lbs and are rated for ‘______ _____’ • One Person Load = _____ lbs
6000 lbs Personal Use 300 lbs
61
Steel carabiners have a minimum rating of ____ lbs and are rated for ‘_____ ____’ • Rescue load = ____ lbs
9000 lbs General Use 600 lbs
62
Carabiners locking mechanism use:
Locking carabiners are designed for use only when locked. Do NOT use in open position. The gate may inadvertently open, and the lock provides part of its strength.
63
Figure 8 Descenders meet NFPA ____ and are made of:
1983 Steel and Aluminum both used with same specs as carabiners
64
Newtons are:
The amount of force needed to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at the rate of 1 meter per second squared
65
1 N = approx. ____ lb. | 1 kN = approx. ____ lbs.
.225 lbs 225 lbs
66
Form of non-verbal communication that can be used when using rope:
O.A.T.H
67
O.A.T.H stands for:
``` O= OK – 1 tug A= Advance – 2 tugs T= Take Up – 3 tugs H= Help – 4 tugs ```
68
Knots are defined as:
Interlacing of 1 or more flexible bodies
69
Do all knots affect the rope in a negative way?
Yes
70
The sharper the bend in the rope produced by the knot, the greater reduction in the _____ ______ of the rope
Tensile Strength
71
6 attributes of a good knot
* Easy to tie * Easy to untie * Remains tied after tying * Easily identifiable * Minimal reduction of breaking strength of rope * Resistance to jamming during loading
72
2 Ends of a rope
Working End Standing End
73
A Bight is:
a “U” shaped section of rope
74
Overhand Knot and Double Overhand Knot are used as:
stopper or back up knot
75
Slipknot is used to:
Used to draw down on something
76
Square knot is used to: | Decreases Tensile Strength by:
Connects two ropes of equal diameter (decreases tensile strength by 50%)
77
Figure Eight use and tensile strength reduction:
* 20% decrease in tensile strength | * Stopper knot and basis for other knots
78
Figure Eight Follow Through Use:
Anchor
79
Figure 8 on a bight use:
Anchor
80
Directional Figure Eight Use:
Anchor in middle of loaded rope
81
Rescue 8 Use:
Rescue
82
Bowline Use and Tensile Strength Reduction:
* Decreases tensile strength by 33% | * Used for anchoring
83
Bowline on a Bight use:
Rescue
84
Running bowline use:
Used to tighten down on object
85
Butterfly Knot Use and Tensile Strength Reduction:
Used to make an anchor in the middle of a loaded rope Decreases tensile strength by 30%
86
Half Hitch Uses: (2)
* Used to secure line to object | * Basis for other knots
87
Clove Hitch Uses:
Secures line to object
88
Munter Hitch Uses:
Used with carabiner for emergency rappels
89
Becket or Sheet Bend Uses and tensile strength reduction:
* Reduces tensile strength 50% | * Ties two ropes of unequal diameter together
90
Water Bend Use:
• Used to tie ends of webbing together for a harness • Not used on rope!

22-1 Midterm (3 decks)

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