Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

K- Rosh Review > Rosh ENT > Flashcards

Rosh ENT Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the medical term for chronic inflammatin of the eyelid?

A

Blepharitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clogging of which gland causes blepharitis?

A

Meibomian glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Patient presents with watering eyes, foreign body sensation, crusts, photophobia, pain, and burning.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Blepharitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is the diagnosis of blepharitis made?

What is the treatment?

A

Slit-lamp exam.

Warm compress, irrigation, topical atbx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 year old patient presents with sore throat, dysphagia, drooling, and decreased extension of the neck.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Retropharyngeal abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the common causes of retropharyngeal abcesses?

A

S. aureus

GAS

Anearobes

Foreign Body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What would you expect to find on neck x-ray in a patient with a retropharyngeal abscess?

A

Widened retropharyngeal space: twice the size of the vertebral body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the treatment for retropharyngeal abscess?

A

IV abx

ENT consult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most common etiology of optic neuritis?

A

Multiple sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes optic neuritis?

A

Demyelinating inflammation of the optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Uhthoff’s phenomenon?

A

Transiet worsening of vision with increased body temp

Associated with optic neuritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Patient presents with sudden monocular vision loss and pain with movement of eye. You appreciate an afferent pupillary defect.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Optic neuritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Patient presents with sudden monocular vision loss and pain with movement of eye. You appreciate an afferent pupillary defect.

What is the treatment for this condition?

A

IV corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Patient presents with sudden painless loss of vision. Upon fundoscopic exam you appreciate a cherry red spot on the fovea. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Patient presents with sudden painless loss of vision. Upon fundoscopic exam you appreciate a cherry red spot on the fovea.

How do you treat this?

A

Immediate ophthalmology consult

Orbital massage

acetazolamide (reduce pressure)

Vasodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Patient presents with sudden, painless, monocular loss of vision. Upon fundoscopic exam you appreciate a “blood and thunder” appearance.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Patient presents with sudden, painless, monocular loss of vision. Upon fundoscopic exam you appreciate a “blood and thunder” appearance.

How do you treat this?

A

Opthalmology consult

Anti-VEGF

Dexamethasone implant

Triamcinolone (intravitreal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the complications of acute mastoiditis?

A

Meningitis

Epidural or subdural abscess

Facial nerve palsy

Labrynthitis

Osteomyelitis

Venous sinus thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the treatment for UV keratitis?

A

Topical NSAIDs

Oral pain meds

+/- abx

+/- cycloplegics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do cycloplegics work?

A

Relax ciliary muscle spasm and prevent contraction of the iris

Reduces pupillary photoresponse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a serious complication of otitis externa?

What population gets it?

A

Necrotizing otitis externa

Diabetics/immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is most commonly perforated in a TM perf?

A

Pars tensa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Central vs peripheral vertigo in relation to intensity

A

Periphal: severe

Central: mild

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Central vs peripheral vertigo in relation to head position

A

Peripheral worsened by position

Central minimal change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Central vs peripheral vertigo in relation to direction of nystagmus
Peripheral unidirectional (never vertical) Central vertical
26
Name the irreversible ototoxic substances
aminoglycosides erythromycin tetracycline cisplatin sildenafil cocaine heavy metals
27
Name the reversible ototoxic substances
aspirin acetaminophen NSAIDs loop diuretics quinine choroquine
28
Patient presents with conductive hearing loss and you preform a Weber test. In which ear do you expect the sound to localize to?
Localizes to affected ear
29
Patient presents with sensorineural hearing loss and you preform a Weber test. In which ear do you expect the sound to localize to?
Localizes to unaffected ear
30
What is normal IOP? When is it considere elevated?
8-21 mmHg Elevated when \>30 mmHg
31
Patient presents with exreme eye pain, N/V, halos around lights, and decreased vision. What is the empiric treatment for this condition?
Timolol (beta-blocker topical) Apraclonidine (alpha-blocker topical) Pilocarpine (miotic topical)
32
Patient presents with exreme eye pain, N/V, halos around lights, and decreased vision. What is the systemic treatment for this condition?
Acetazolamide Mannitol
33
What are the most common organisms that cause orbital cellulitis?
Staph aureus Strep pneumo
34
What medications can cause drug-induced gingival hyperplasia?
Phenytoin Cyclosporin CCB Phenobarbital
35
Where is the typical ocation of a hordeolum?
At or near an eyelash follicle
36
Where is the typical location of a chalazion?
Above the eyelashes on the upper lid
37
Firm, painless lump: hordeolum or chalazion?
Chalazion
38
Tenderness, swelling: hordeolum or chalazion
Hordeolum
39
What is commonly the cause of Meniere's disease?
Too much inner ear endolymph
40
Patient presents with episodic hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Meniere's disease
41
What is the typical work-up for nystagmus?
Neuroimaging and videonystagmography
42
Patient presents with painless vision loss described as a curtain coming down, floaters, and photopsia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Retinal detachment
43
What are the complications of orbital cellulitis?
Blindness Meningitis Septic cavernous thrombosis
44
Patient presents with decreased EOM, pain with movement, and proptosis. You appreciate swelling around the eye as well. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Orbital cellulitis
45
What cranial nerve is most commonly affected in necrotizing otitis externa?
Facial nerve
46
What is the most common source of posterior epistaxis?
Sphenopalatine artery
47
What is the most common etiology of orbital cellulitis?
Bacterial rhinosinusitis
48
What is the abx treatment for orbital cellulitis?
Vanc + pip/tazo
49
What is the name for bubbles filled with blood that form on the surface of the TIM and burst with effusing blood?
Bullous myringitis
50
What are the common organisms associated with bullous myringitis?
Strep pneumo Mycoplasma pneumoniae
51
What will you see on CT with an inferior orbital wall fracture?
Teardrop sign Herniated tissues and muscle
52
Patient presents with entrapped inferior rectus muscle. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Inferior orbital wall fracture
53
When is surgery recommended for treating an orbital blow-out fracture?
\>50% of the floor Extraoccular muscle entrapment Enophthalmos or diplopia
54
What is the name for a dependent pocket of pus seen in the anterior chamber?
Hypopyon
55
What is endophthalmitis?
Infection of anterior, posterior, vitreous chambers
56
Which duct is involved with dacrocystitis?
Nasolacrimal duct
57
How long does it take the cherry red spot in the fovea to occur with central retinal artery occlusion?
One or more hours
58
What is the difference between dacryoadenitis and dacryocystitis?
Adenitis: involves lacrimal gland, supratemporal region Cystitis: involves nasolacrimal duct, inframedial region
59
Blockage of which supratonsillar glands are typical nidus for peritonsillar abscess?
Weber's glands
60
Patient presents with drooling, trismus, and a "hot potato" voice. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Peritonsillar abscess
61
What is the medical term for dry socket?
Alveolar osteitis
62
What is the treatment for alveolar osteitis?
Pack socket with iodoform gauze and eugenol oil
63
Which antibiotics are preferred for dental infections?
Pen VK Clinda Erythromycin Doxycycline
64
Which antibiotics are effective against pseudomonas?
Fluroquinolones Aminoglycosides Cabapenems 3rd/4th gen cephalosporins
65
What type of hearing loss results in patients with a cholesteatoma?
Conductive hearing loss
66
Patient presents complaining of painless otorrhea. On exam you see a yellow/white mass behind the TM. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Cholesteatoma
67
Retinal detachment occurs when the inner layers of the retina separate from which structures?
Choroid
68
What is the most common type of glaucoma?
Open angle
69
What is the most common complication of anterior blepharitis?
Recurrent conjunctivitis
70
What are the two complications of retinal vein occlusion?
Macular edema Neovascularization
71
What prophylactic abx is recommended for patients who receive posterior nasal packing?
Augmentin
72
What are some causes of infectious cataract?
Rubella Varicella Toxoplasmosis Cystercercosis
73
What causes hereditary angioedema?
Deficiency or dysfunction of C1-esterase inhibitor
74
What causes acquired angioedema?
Deficiency or dysfunction of C1-esterase inhibitor
75
What is the treatment for angioedema?
Fresh frozen plasma (replaces C1-esterase inhibitor) Standard anaphylaxis therapy (usually ineffective)
76
What are the common etiologies of epiglottitis?
H. flu Strep Staph aureus Moraxella catarrhalis
77
What abx combination should be prescribed for treatment of acute epiglottitis?
3rd gen cephalosporing and antistaphylococcal agent that targets MRSA
78
What are the glands superior to the tonsils in the soft palate?
Weber glands

K- Rosh Review (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions