Rosh Material #2 Flashcards by Alice Richards

ohio or mississippi river valley
bird/bat droppings

histoplasmosis

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permanent pacemaker is the definitive tx for which two AV blocks

mobitz type II
third degree

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what is this showing

second degree type II (mobitz II)

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prophylaxis tx for PJP if sulfa allergy

dapsone

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opportunistic HIV infxns and associated prophylaxis

PJP -> bactrim
myobacterium TB -> isoniazid + pyridixoine
toxoplasmosis -> bactrim
MAC -> azithromycin

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indications for prophylaxis for opportunistic HIV infxns

PJP: < 200
toxoplasmosis: < 100
MAC: <50

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rose bengal stain

sjorgen’s

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salivary gland bx findings of sjorgen’s

mononuclear cell infiltration

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what surgical procedure is an alternative to cipro to eradicate the carrier state for carriers of salmonella

cholecystectomy

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common cause of osteomyelitis in kids w. SSA

salmonellosis

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pathophys of alpha thalassemia

two or more of the four alpha-globin chain genes fails to fxn

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only independent rf for mesothelioma

asbestos

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presenation of mesothelioma

-20-40 yrs after exposure
-insidious onst SOB, unilateral, nonpleuritic cp
-fatigue/weakness
-weight loss

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2 CXR findings of mesothelioma

pleural thickening
pleural effusion

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describe fluid w. mesothelioma related pleural effusion

exudative
hemorrhagic

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dx for mesothelioma

-VATS bx (video assisted thorascopic surgery)

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pharm for SAH

nimodipine (decreases vasospasm)

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CSF findings of SAH

xanthochromia (yellow/pink)
vs
gross blood

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lung ca screening guidelines for smokers/past smokers

annual low dose CT for:
50-80 yo w. 20 ppy smoking hx
OR
have quit w.in past 15 yr

d/c when pt has not smoked x 15 yrs or has limited life expectancy

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lupus pernio
bilat hilar adenopathy
noncaseating granulomas

sarcoidosis

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desmopressin is effective in treating which type of diabetes insipidus

central

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indication for mechanical valve replacement over biprosthetic

<50 yo who can take warfarin

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superficial thrombophlebitis

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3 types of thrombophlebitis

-superficial phlebitis: pain/inflammation, (-) thrombus
-superficial thrombophlebitis: pain/inflammation, (+) thrombus
-superficial vein thrombosis

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tx for thrombophlebitis

-elevation/warm compress -NSAIDs -compression -ambulation -anticoagulation

3 signs of metastatic gastric carcionma

left supraclavicular node (virchow) left axillary node (irish) periumbilical node (sister mary joseph)

management of sliding hiatal hernia

asymptomatic: lifestyle symptomatic: ppi

management of paraesophageal hiatal hernia

asymptomatic: conservative symptomatic: surgery

classificaitons of post MI complications

mechanical mural thrombosis pump failure pericarditis recurrent MI conduction abnl's

3 mc types of post MI mechanical complications

free wall rupture VSD acute mitral valve regurgitation

post MI free wall rupture mc occurs _ after an MI

24-48 hr

hallmark presentation of post MI free wall rupture

cardiac tamponde 24-48 hr post MI

timeline of post MI free wall rupture and VSD

-free wall rupture: 24-48 hr (up to 2 weeks) -VSD: 10 days

what is this showing

anterior mediastinal neoplasm -> thymoma is mc

pharm tx for MG

**-chronic:** cholinesterase inhibitors: neostigmine pyridostigmine **-acute:** plasmapheresis, IVIG

4 mc paraneoplastic d.o

MG pure red cell aplasia immunodeficiency thymoma-associated multiorgam autoimmunity

sx of MG

-ocular or generalized muscle weakness -dysarthria -dysphagia -ptosis/diplopia worse at the end of the day/after exertion

3 conditions associated w. MG

thymoma thyroid dz autoimmune d.o

mcc and affected valve of infective endocarditis: non IVDU vs IVDU

IVDU: staph, tricuspid non IVDU: staph vs strep viridans, mitral

2 indications for valacyclovir w. bells palsy

-presence of herpetic vesicles in the external ear canal -grade IV severity

causes of pneumoconiosis and associated luing findings

**asbestos:** shipping, construction, plumbing, mechanic -> lower lobe **berylliosis:** aerospace, dentist, IT, fluorescent bulbs -> upper lobe **byssinosis:** cotton **silicosis:** quarries, sandblasting, mines/drilling -> upper lung **talc:** ceramics, cosmetics, plastics/rubber/paint -> upper lobe **hard metal (cobalt):** diamond polishing, cobalt -> lower lobe

what types of pneumoconiosis are assocaited w. upper upper lobe findings

coal dust beryllium talc silica

what 2 types of pneumoconiosis are associated w. lower lobe findings

hard metal (cobalt) asbestos

how to remember upper vs lower lobe pneumoconiosis

-asbestos: from the roof, affects the base -silica, coal: from the base (earth), affect the roof (upper lobes

rapid correction of acute hypernatremia may cause: rapid correction of acute hyponatremia may cause:

rapid correction of hypernatremia -> cerebral edema rapid correction of hyponatremia -> osmotic demyelination syndrome

bp management of acute aortic dissection

esmolol vs labetalol

g6pd is caused by

reduction in glutathione levels in rbc

name 2 meds that are used for abd cramping in IBD

dicyclomine hyoscyamine

tx for myocarditis

similar to CHF: furosemide ACEI bb if EF < 40% +/- abx

sx of stroke based on location

**ACA:** apraxia, contralateral LE paralysis **MCA:** contralateral UE paralysis, aphasia **PCA/VBI:** LOC, n/v, CN dysfxn, ataxia, visual agnosia

mcc complication of pckd

ESRD

3 conditions that cause increased serum solutes

hyperglycemia IVIG mannitol administration

3 rf for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

-smoking -exposure to stone, metal, wood, organic dusts -GERD

early vs late PE findings of pulmonary fibrosis

early: crackles late: clubbing

what is this showing

diffuse ST elevation -> pericarditis

pharm for AVNRT (mcc of paroxysmal SVT)

adenosine diltiazem metoprolol

extraintestinal manifestations of UC

pyoderma gangrenosum erythema nodosum ankylosing spondylitis/sacroileitis arthritis uveitis liver dz kidney dz primary sclerosing cholangitis

bx findings of UC vs crohn's

UC: crypt abscesses, crypt branching Crohn's: granulomas

recs for lipid panel screening for men w. no other CVD rf

lipid profile beginning at age 35

management of IBD, acute vs chronic

acute: prednisone chronic: mesalamine

opportunistic infxns associated w. CD4 counts that Rosh wants us to know

<250: esophageal candidiasis <200: PCP PNA <100: cerebral toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis <50: MAC

TSH range goal for pt's w. PMH thyroid ca

0.1-2.0

which alzheimer's med is neuroprotective

memantine -> NMDA agonist

most impotant rf for prostate ca

older age

2 PSA indications for urology referral

> 4 rapidly rising

management of prostate ca

localized: obs, EBRT, brachytherapy, prostatectomy recurrent/metastatic: androgen deprivation

femal w. recurrent DVTs and adverse pregnancy outcomes

antiphospholipid abs syndrome

painless weakness of the proximal muscles

polymyositis

what 2 lab abnl's are associated w. sarcoidosis

elevated ACE hypercalcemia

IV management of HTN emergency (2)

labetalol nicardipine

cholinergic agonist that is approved for dry mouth caused by sjorgen syndrome

cevimeline

core regimen for PVD/PAD

ASA cliostazol rosuvastatin smoking cessation structured exercise

f/c, worsening of lesions, tender LAD, hyperventilation, and hypotn w.in 24 hr after receiving tx for spirochete infxn (ex syphilis)

jarisch herxheimer rxn

tx for harisch herxheimer rxn

APAP vs ibuprofen

t/f: a fasely high ABI may indicate severely hardened, non compressible leg vessels

causes of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

diarrhea renal tubular acidosis adrenal insufficiency ckd intestinal/pancreatic/biliary fistula hypoaldosteronism meds

5 meds associated w. normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

spironolactone prostaglandin inhibitors sulfas cyclosporin pentamidine

what age should AAA screening be done

one time US at 65 yo

gs imaging for the initial dx and staging of bladder ca

cystoscopy

4 rapid sequence intubation induction agents

etomidate ketamine midazolam propofol

which RSI agent is best for respiratory failoure due to asthma

ketamine (bronchodilatory effects)

the rash of SLE mc affects the _ surfaces of the hands and arms

extensor

sx of acute adrenal insufficiency

dehydration, hypotn, shock n/v, wt loss, anorexia acute abdomen hypoglycemia fever hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, azotemia, hypercalcemia hyperpigmentation

initial tx for MG

pyridostigmine

Rosh Material #2 Flashcards

(84 cards)