Ross

Question 1

Define neoplasia

Answer 1

The pathological process that results in the formation of a neoplasm

Question 2

Define neoplasm

Answer 2

A new growth

Question 3

Define tumour

Answer 3

A mass or swelling. Non-specific term for a neoplasm

Question 4

How do epigenetic changes and gene mutations contribute to the development of cancer?

Answer 4

Epigenetic changes are associated with gene activity not relating to nucleotide sequences (e.g. Promoter regions). Genetic mutations are changes to nucleotide sequence (base pair substitutions, deletions, insertions)

Question 5

What are the hallmarks of cancer ?

Answer 5

1) self-sufficient growth
2) insensitivity to growth signals
3) evasion of cell death
4) limitless relative capacity
5) sustained angiogenesis (growth of blood vessels into the tumour)
6)

Question 6

Compare the difference between the clonal evolution model of cancer and cancer stem cells

Answer 6

Heterogenous population of tumour cells. Daughter cells acquire tumour like properties and proliferate. Some have a growth advantage and proliferate more, creating more cells that acquire tumour like properties.

Heterogenous population of tumour cells. Some tumour cells have stem cell like properties and proliferate indefinitely. Daughter cells produced that can divide but not at the rate of stem cell like cells. Tumour population is a mix of daughter cells and stem cell like cells

Question 7

What are the acute phase proteins?

Answer 7

Serum amyloid A, alpha acid glycoprotein, manors binding lectin, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen