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rotation questions test Flashcards

1
Q

normal values for wbc

A

5000-10,000

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2
Q

normal values for RBC

A

male- 4.7-6.1 million/cc

female- 4.2-5.4 million/cc

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3
Q

normal values for hgb

A

male 14-18 g/dl

female 12-16 g/dl

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4
Q

normal values for hct

A

males 42-52%

female-37-47%

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5
Q

normal values for platelets

A

150,000-400,000

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6
Q

normal values for retics

A

0.5-2%

avg 1

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7
Q

normal values for esr

A

male 0-15 mm/hr

female 0-20 mm/hr

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8
Q

what quick QC calculation can be used to check the accuracy of the RBC parameter as they are obtained from an automated counter

A

rbc x 3 = hgb

hgb X 3 = hct

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9
Q

factors which can increase ESR

A 
pregnancy 
alcoholism
cirrhosis
hepatitis
multiple myeloma
anemia
tilted tube
specimen too warm
infections
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10
Q

factors which can decrease ESR

A

sickle cell anemia
polycythemia
delay in preforming test
spherocytosis

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11
Q

what is the chief use of the osmotic fragility test

A

spherocytosis

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12
Q

what test is best to use to differentiate between homozygous and heterozygous sickle cell disease

A

hgb electrophoresis

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13
Q

how are retics stained

A

supravital stains

new methylene blue or brilliant cresyl blue

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14
Q

what is the use of the reticulocyte test to the doctor

A

used for monitoring anemia

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15
Q

in what conditions would one expect to see increased retic count

A

anemia
splenectomy
hemorrhage

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16
Q

in what conditions would one expect to see decreased reticulocyte count

A

aplastic anemia
bone marrow suppression
ineffective erythropoesis

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17
Q

what is the proper procedure for hct

A

blood is collected in heparin tube, seal one end, spin in microhct centrifuge to obtain packed cells, use macromethod of wintrobe or micromethod

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18
Q

what happens to the value if micro hct are spun too long

A

hemolysis- falsely decreased

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19
Q

what happens to the value if micro hct is not spun enough

A

cells will not pack - falsely increased

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20
Q

MCV

A

indicates RBC size
less than 80- microcytic
80-100 - normal
>100 macrocytic

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21
Q

MCHC

A

indicates degree of hypochromia

less than 32% increased hypochromia

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22
Q

with what conditions are burr cells associated

A

renal failure

kidney disease

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23
Q

in what condition is basophilic stippling freq. seen?

A

lead poisoning

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24
Q

with what condition are heinz bodies most closely associated

A

G6PD deficiency

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25
how are basophillic stippling and recticulum differentiated
BS- romanowsky | retics- NMB
26
what is the best specimen to use for blood smears for RBC morphology
whole blood from EDTA tube
27
how can you adjust the color of wrights stain smear
adjust the pH
28
what is the most prominent feature in a blood smear from a patient with ABO HDN
spherocytes
29
how to calculate MCV
(hct/RBC) X 10
30
normal values for MCV
male 80-94 | female- 81-99
31
how to calculate MCH
(hgb/RBC) X 10
32
normal values MCH
27-31 pico
33
how to calculate MCHC
(hgb/hct) X 100
34
normal values MCHC
32-36%
35
MCV increased | MCHC normal
``` macrocytic-normochromic liver disease b12 deficiency folate deficiency pernicious anemia alocholism ```
36
MCV decreased | MCHC decreased
``` microcytic- hypochromic iron deficiency anemia sideroblastic anemia thalassemia lead poisioning ```
37
MCV normal | MCHC normal
normocytic- normochromic | aplastic anemia
38
what is the appearance of the blood smear in IDA
small cells lacking central pallor serum iron decreased TIBC increased
39
folic acid deficiency
large cells normal central pallor PA no neurological symptoms
40
what are the causes of aplastic anemia and what are the blood findings
``` marrow suppression failure of replacement exposure to chemicals, radiation pancytopenia normo-normo ```
41
what is a common characteristic of all hemolytic anemia
increased RBC destruction
42
what is an unusual finding that is the means of differentiating AIHA from other hemolytic anemias
positive DAT
43
what information is included in a CBC differential
RBC morphology platelet estimation diff of WBC
44
what is the most common WBC in a diff
seg
45
what is the most common WBC in children
lymph
46
what is the least common WBC
baso
47
what is the largest WBC
mono
48
what are other names for NRBCS
blast cells rubricytes prorubricytes metarubricytes
49
is a plasma cell likely to be found in the PBS
no, normally about 1% of nucleated cells in bone marrow
50
what is the meaning of the term shift to the left
increase in immature granulocytes - blast, pro, myelo, meta, band
51
what is a shift to the right
increase in mature granulocytes- seg, hyper seg
52
how is a dx of hereditary elliptocytosis made
examining the PBS atleast 25% osmotic frag.
53
what are the distinguishing characteristics of hodgkins
slow relentless progression leukemoid rxc with eos reed-sternberg cells
54
what are the normal features of a smear from a new born that would be considered abnormal in an adult
NRBC polychromasia young WBC
55
how would you describe a downy type ATL as it appears on a wrights stain smear
``` eccentric nucleus dense chromatin may have vacuoles abundant smooth cytoplasm scallops RBC HUGS THEM ballerina skirt ```
56
at what stage of development does diff of granules of a granulocyte take place
myelocyte
57
how is the metas diff from myelo
kidney bean shape - meta
58
procedure for preforming total eos count
whole blood is diluted with staining solution use max light count entire ruled area of both sides on low power calculation is total # cells X 10 / 1.8 mm cubed neaubauer hemocytometer
59
with what conditions are increased eos count assocaited
parasites allergies skin disorders splenectomy
60
normal value for CSF cell count
adults 0-5 0 RBCs neonates 0-30 0 RBC
61
what test is the best measure of the erythroid activity of the bone marrow
retic count
62
what conditions cannot be absolutely diagnosed without a bone marrow aspirate
``` myeloproliferative disorders aplastic anemia lymphoma tumors leukemia pernicious anemia ```
63
what is the chief use of the LAP
diff leukemoid rxc from CML
64
why is it necessary to correct a WBC count if more than five NRBC are present and how is the correction made
false increase of WBC count LOOK IN NOTES
65
incidence of leukemia in various age groups
chronic - old | acute- young
66
what is a typical picture in the pBS in acute leukemia
severe normo-normo anemia decreased RBC thrombocytopenia increased immatures
67
at the time of DX which leukemia freq presents with greatly increased platelet count
CML
68
blood picture | AML
``` large number myeloblasts scattered segs no intermediate cells severe N/N anemia polychromasia NRBC thrombocytopenia large bizarre platelets ```
69
BP | ALL
>60% lympho blasts severe N/N thrombocytopenia
70
BP CML
``` increased leukocytosis increased all stages granulocytes increased eos increased baso increased platelets at first later decreases N/N ```
71
BP CLL
60-95% small mature lymphs increased smudge cells icnreased eos all stages granulocytes
72
hodgkins
``` not terribly abnormal or specific mild anemia thrombocytopenia leukocytosis usually granulocytes, esp eos decreased lymphs ```
73
following spelnectomy
``` pappenheimer bodies howell jolly bodies cabot rings target cells aniso/poik increased platelets ```
74
megaloblastic anemia
``` normochormic RBC aniso poik macro ovalocytes pancytopenia hyper segs right shift ```
75
polycythemia vera
``` N/N may become micro-hypo increased RBC occasional NRBC immature grans baso stippling increased eos and basos large bizarre platelets and clumping ```
76
myelofibrosis
``` moder N/N polychromasia NRBC aniso poik WBC n-increased with left shift plts increased at first later decreased LARGE BIZARRE ```
77
DIC
``` thrombocytopenia micro platelets leukocytosis schistocytes decreased retics ```
78
AIHA
``` N/N macro- poly spherocytes NRBC schistocytes acanthocytes burr cells RBC being eaten by macrophages WBC increased with left shift ```
79
thalassemia major
``` severe micro hypo aniso poik poly many NRBC RBC inclusions increased WBC left shift ```
80
thalassemia minor
``` mild micro-hypo polychromasia target cells occ NRBC baso stip ```
81
MULTIPLE MYELOMA
``` N/N rouleaux WBC normal to decreased occasional plasma cells NRBCS increased lymphs, eos, immature granulocytes ```
82
infectious mono
slight leukocytes ATL rare to few immature lymphs
83
how do you do an indirect plt count and how do you report out this
count plts in 5 fields on high power and times it by 4 AD INC DEC
84
how are PNH and PCH dx and diff
PCH- extrinsic D-L antibody extracorpuscular defect dx by DL test PNH- intrinsic acquired sensitive to complement dx by HAMMS test or sugar water test
85
which layer of the blood is used to make an LE prep
buffy coat
86
which group of disorders is classified by using the FAB system of classification
acut leukemias
87
what is the use of the KB technique
measures of fetal cells in maternal blood stream used for RH - mothers
88
which age group has the highest values for the RBC paramteres
Newborns
89
what is the coultier principle for cell counting
interruption of alight source as it passes through a flow cell
90
how would you obtain a blood specimen from a patient who has IV solutions in both arms
go below the IV

hematology (9 decks)

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