rotational motion Flashcards
(28 cards)
motion in a circular path at constant speed
uniform circular motion
occurs when points in an object move in circular paths centered on one point
pure rotational motion
is motion with no rotation.
pure translational motion
the ratio of the arc length to the radius of curvature Δθ = Δs/r. It is the amount of rotation and is analogous to linear distance
rotational angle
is the distance traveled along a circular path
arc length
it is the rate of change of an angle. In symbols, this is ω = Δθ/Δt .
angular velocity
acceleration of an object moving in a circle toward the center.
centripetal acceleration
is a rotating device used to separate specimens of different densities
centrifuge
it causes an object to turn in a circle. Any net force causing uniform circular motion
centripetal force
A frame of reference which is at a constant velocity with respect to other frames of reference. Acceleration of the frame is zero. It obeys Newton’s Laws of motion
inertial frame of reference
A frame of reference which is at a constant acceleration with respect to other frames of reference. Acceleration of the frame is nonzero. Inertial frame of reference does not obey Newton’s Laws of motion
non inertial frame of reference
is an inertial or fictitious force that acts on objects that are in motion within a frame of reference that rotates with respect to an inertial frame.
Coriolis force
it states that every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force along a line joining them. The force is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
The moon’s gravity pulls at the Earth, causing predictable rises and falls in sea levels known as?
tides
it is a clever way to measure the Gravitational Constant that is stated in the Universal Gravitation Equation
cavendish experiment
the curve in a road that is sloping in a manner that helps a vehicle negotiate the curve
banked curve
the point where the entire mass of an object can be thought to be concentrated
center of mass
a fictitious force that tends to throw an object off when the object is rotating in a non-inertial frame of reference
centrifugal force
a force having no physical origin
fictitious force
a proportionality factor used in the equation for Newton’s universal law of gravitation; it is a universal constant—that is,
it is thought to be the same everywhere in the universe
gravitational constant
the angle at which a car can turn safely on a steep curve, which is in proportion to the ideal speed
ideal angle
the sloping of a curve in a road, where the angle of the slope allows the vehicle to negotiate the curve at a certain speed without the aid of friction between the tires and the road; the net external force on the vehicle equals the horizontal centripetal force in the absence of friction
ideal banking
the maximum safe speed at which a vehicle can turn on a curve without the aid of friction between the tire and the road
ideal speed
an environment in which the apparent net acceleration of a body is small compared with that produced by Earth at its surface
microgravity
