Round #5

Question 1

1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following lists contains only metals?
W) Magnesium, phosphorus, lead
X) Phosphorus, argon, lead
Y) Magnesium, manganese, lead
Z) Magnesium, helium, manganese

Answer 1

ANSWER: Y) MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, LEAD

Question 2

1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer The speed of sound in air on a given day is 340 meters
per second. You are standing 85 meters from a barn when you give a short, loud, yelp. How
long in seconds does it take you to hear your own echo?

Answer 2

ANSWER: 0.5 (ACCEPT: ONE-HALF)

Question 3

2) MATH Short Answer Express the following product in scientific notation: (4 × 108)(8 × 10−3) [4 times 10 to the 8th times 8 times 10 to the negative 3]

Answer 3

ANSWER: 3.2 × 106

Question 4

2) MATH Short Answer Identify all of the following four statements that are always true: 1) if
three points are coplanar, they are collinear; 2) if two points are collinear, they are coplanar; 3)
three points determine a plane; 4) if two lines are cut by a transversal, the alternate interior
angles are equal.

Answer 4

ANSWER: 2 (ACCEPT: IF TWO POINTS ARE COLLINEAR, THEY ARE COPLANAR)

Question 5

3) EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice Why do hurricanes NOT occur at the equator?
W) The water is too warm
X) There is not enough land mass
Y) The Coriolis effect is too weak
Z) The days are too long

Answer 5

ANSWER: Y) THE CORIOLIS EFFECT IS TOO WEAK

Question 6

3) EARTH AND SPACE Short Answer What kind of rock is found in the dark craters of the
Moon?

Answer 6

ANSWER: BASALT

Question 7

4) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice What is the primary source of all weather on Earth?
W) Clouds
X) The Sun
Y) Geographic features
Z) Human actions

Answer 7

ANSWER: X) THE SUN

Question 8

4) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice The Earth has many types of mountains. Which of the
following is the best example of a folded mountain?
W) Mountains formed when a part of the Earth’s crust is broken into large blocks, which are
shifted by crust movement
X) Mountains formed when tectonic movements squeeze rock layers together like an accordion
Y) Mountains formed when molten rock rises through the crust and pushes up the rock layers
above it
Z) Mountains formed when molten rock erupted onto the Earth’s surface

Answer 8

ANSWER: X) MOUNTAINS FORMED WHEN TECTONIC MOVEMENTS SQUEEZE ROCK
LAYERS TOGETHER LIKE AN ACCORDION

Question 9

5) ENERGY Multiple Choice E-85, also known as “flex-fuel,” gets its name from which of the
following?
W) It is 85% more efficient than gasoline
X) It is a mixture of 85% gasoline and 15% ethanol
Y) It is a mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline
Z) It has an equivalent octane rating of 85

Answer 9

ANSWER: Y) IT IS A MIXTURE OF 85% ETHANOL AND 15% GASOLINE

Question 10

5) ENERGY Short Answer The most common type of fuel cell reacts what two gases to produce
electricity?

Answer 10

ANSWER: HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN

Question 11

6) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice The crop plants kohlrabi, kale, cabbage, Brussels sprouts,
broccoli, and cauliflower are all human cultivars of the wild mustard plant. Which of the following
best describes the process by which these modern plants came into existence?
W) Adaptation to new environments
X) Genetic drift
Y) Founder effect
Z) Artificial selection

Answer 11

ANSWER: Z) ARTIFICIAL SELECTION

Question 12

6) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT an example of an angiosperm
[AN-jee-uh-spurm]?
W) Daffodils
X) Mistletoe
Y) American elm
Z) Douglas fir

Answer 12

ANSWER: Z) DOUGLAS FIR

Question 13

7) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is a transition metal?
W) Calcium
X) Potassium
Y) Iron
Z) Hydrogen

Answer 13

ANSWER: Y) IRON

Question 14

7) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Inductance is measured in terms of what SI unit?

Answer 14

ANSWER: HENRY

Question 15

8) MATH Short Answer Solve the following equation for x over the real numbers: x -2 = 81.

Answer 15

ANSWER: 𝑥 = ±1/9

Question 16

8) MATH Short Answer Find the following sum of fractions: 3/5 + 5/3 + 2/6

Answer 16

ANSWER: 13/5 (ACCEPT: 2 3/5, 2.6)

Question 17

9) EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice The weather phenomenon that consists of weakened
tradewinds that allow surface water from the western Pacific to move eastward, causing a
sinking thermocline, is known as El Niño. This process leads to which of the following along
coastal South America?
W) Colder sea surface temperatures and more precipitation
X) Colder sea surface temperatures and less precipitation
Y) Warmer sea surface temperatures and more precipitation
Z) Warmer sea surface temperatures and less precipitation

Answer 17

ANSWER: Y) WARMER SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES AND MORE PRECIPITATION

Question 18

9) EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice Which of the following sites is famous for its diversity of
Pleistocene [PLY-stuh-seen] fossils?
W) Florissant Formation
X) Green River Formation
Y) La Brea Tar Pits
Z) Columbia River flood basalts

Answer 18

ANSWER: Y) LA BREA TAR PITS

Question 19

10) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice In archery, which of the following represents good
accuracy but bad precision?
W) The arrows all hit the bulls-eye
X) The arrows are all near the bulls-eye, but are far from each other
Y) The arrows all hit far from the bulls-eye, but are close to each other
Z) The arrows all hit far from the bulls-eye and are far from each other

Answer 19

ANSWER: X) THE ARROWS ARE ALL NEAR THE BULLS-EYE, BUT ARE FAR FROM EACH
OTHER

Question 20

10) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following best explains why oil and water
will quickly separate when mixed?
W) Oil is polar, while water is nonpolar
X) Oil is nonpolar, while water is polar
Y) Water is less dense than oil
Z) Water is more dense than oil

Answer 20

ANSWER: X) OIL IS NONPOLAR, WHILE WATER IS POLAR

Question 21

11) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice The cancer that is frequently associated with asbestos
exposure is which of the following?
W) Melanoma
X) Myeloma [my-uh-LOH-muh]
Y) Mesothelioma
Z) Multiple sclerosis

Answer 21

ANSWER: Y) MESOTHELIOMA

Question 22

11) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer In pea plants, tall is dominant over short. Suppose you cross
a tall pea plant with a short pea plant. The first generations of offspring or the F1 generation are
all tall. You then cross two of these F1 generation pea plants to create a new generation of
offspring, the F2 generation. What fraction of the F2 generation pea plants will be tall?

Answer 22

ANSWER: 3/4

Question 23

12) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice On Earth, Billy weighs 980 newtons. On Planet X, the
acceleration due to gravity near the surface is half that of Earth. How much does Billy weigh in
newtons on Planet X?
W) 98
X) 490
Y) 980
Z) 1960

Answer 23

ANSWER: X) 490

Question 24

12) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the term for a change in momentum over a
discrete period of time?

Answer 24

ANSWER: IMPULSE

Question 25

13) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Which of the four commonly observable states of matter is most common in the universe?

Answer 25

ANSWER: PLASMA

Question 26

13) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice The Hawaiian islands were formed by volcanism due to what? W) Convergent plates X) Divergent plates Y) Transform plates Z) A hot spot

Answer 26

ANSWER: Z) A HOT SPOT

Question 27

14) MATH Short Answer If a line segment on a number line has endpoints of -24 and 8, what is its midpoint?

Answer 27

ANSWER: -8

Question 28

14) MATH Short Answer A wire in the shape of a rectangle with length of 20 inches and width of 10 inches is reshaped into an equilateral triangle. How long is each side of the triangle, in inches?

Answer 28

ANSWER: 20

Question 29

15) EARTH AND SPACE Short Answer Name the extinction event during which the non-avian dinosaurs died out.

Answer 29

ANSWER: CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY (ACCEPT: CRETACEOUS-PALEOGENE, K-T, K-PG; BOUNDARY and EXTINCTION are optional)

Question 30

15) EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice Which of the following does NOT affect the porosity of a material? W) Grain sorting X) Connection between pores Y) Cementation of grains Z) Grain shape

Answer 30

ANSWER: X) CONNECTION BETWEEN PORES

Question 31

16) ENERGY Short Answer What state leads the U.S. in crude oil production and accounts for about one quarter of total U.S. production?

Answer 31

ANSWER: TEXAS

Question 32

16) ENERGY Short Answer The hydrogen gas in synthetic gas can be utilized as an alternative fuel for what energy system?

Answer 32

ANSWER: FUEL CELLS (DO NOT ACCEPT: ELECTROLYSIS)

Question 33

17) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer In the third century, a Greek mathematician discovered that the buoyant force on an object in a fluid equals the weight of the fluid displaced. What is this concept called?

Answer 33

ANSWER: ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE

Question 34

17) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice If Huntington's disease is determined by a dominant allele and is always fatal, then which of the following explains its continued inheritance? W) Huntington's disease only shows up in a fraction of the individuals who carry the allele X) There is heterozygote advantage for the alleles that cause the disease in tropical regions Y) Huntington’s disease shows up later in life, typically after the individual has reproduced Z) Huntington's disease has a cure that allows individuals who have it to not show any symptoms and reproduce

Answer 34

ANSWER: Y) HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE SHOWS UP LATER IN LIFE, TYPICALLY AFTER THE INDIVIDUAL HAS REPRODUCED

Question 35

18) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Which level of protein structure would include the formation of an alpha helix?

Answer 35

ANSWER: SECONDARY

Question 36

18) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is an example of anaerobic respiration? W) Yeast performing fermentation to release ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide X) A rose using carbon dioxide to produce glucose in the Calvin cycle Y) A mouse cell using one molecule of glucose to produce 36 ATPs Z) A plant performing photosynthesis to produce energy for storage

Answer 36

ANSWER: W) YEAST PERFORMING FERMENTATION TO RELEASE ETHYL ALCOHOL AND CARBON DIOXIDE

Question 37

19) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice An object is placed 10 centimeters from a double convex lens with a focal length of 20 centimeters. Which of the following types of image will be produced? W) Real and inverted X) Real and upright Y) Virtual and inverted Z) Virtual and upright

Answer 37

ANSWER: Z) VIRTUAL AND UPRIGHT

Question 38

19) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice What law describes the relationship between voltage, current, and impedance in an electric circuit? W) Ohm’s X) Coulomb’s Y) Lenz’s Z) Faraday’s

Answer 38

ANSWER: W) OHM’S

Question 39

20) MATH Multiple Choice If a and b are two rational numbers such that a < b, then which of the following is true about (a+b)/2? W) It is less than both a and b X) It is between a and b Y) It is greater than both a and b Z) Its size relative to a and b can’t be determined from the given information

Answer 39

ANSWER: X) IT IS BETWEEN A AND B

Question 40

20) MATH Short Answer If the sale price of an item is $60 after a 25% discount, what was the original price, in dollars?

Answer 40

ANSWER: $80

Question 41

21) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Synechococcus [sy-nuh-koh-KOH-kuhs] is a member of the so-called blue green algae, which are not eukaryotic [yoo-KAR-ee-oh-tik] algae at all. What is the phylum [FY-luhm] name for this group of bacteria?

Answer 41

ANSWER: CYANOBACTERIA

Question 42

21) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Yenla is studying how a moth population changes over time. Her first sample indicates that 7500 are spotted and 2500 are striped. Ten years later, she samples the same area and finds that 3000 of the moths are spotted and 7000 are striped. What evolutionary process is occurring? W) Directional selection X) Disruptive selection Y) Sexual selection Z) Stabilizing selection

Answer 42

ANSWER: W) DIRECTIONAL SELECTION

Question 43

22) EARTH AND SPACE Short Answer Black carbon particles are common in Earth’s atmosphere. These particles are the result of incomplete combustion, a chemical reaction involving organic matter and what else?

Answer 43

ANSWER: OXYGEN

Question 44

22) EARTH AND SPACE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT one of the eight most common elements in the Earth’s crust? W) Oxygen X) Sodium Y) Carbon Z) Calcium

Answer 44

ANSWER: Y) CARBON

Question 45

23) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is the best example of a suspension mixture? W) A bowl of mixed fruit X) An oil and vinegar salad dressing Y) Latex paint Z) An ethanol and water mixture

Answer 45

ANSWER: X) AN OIL AND VINEGAR SALAD DRESSING

Question 46

23) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice A volcano erupts, and the lava dries extremely rapidly so that there is essentially no crystal growth. Which of the following rocks may be formed? W) Obsidian X) Basalt Y) Granite Z) Rhyolite [RY-uh-lyt]

Answer 46

ANSWER: W) OBSIDIAN

Question 47

24) ENERGY Multiple Choice What is the primary element in today’s commercially available solar cells? W) Silicon X) Gold Y) Selenium Z) Germanium

Answer 47

ANSWER: W) SILICON

Question 48

24) ENERGY Multiple Choice The efficiency of a solar water heater collector depends directly on solar irradiance and which of the following? W) Collector temperature and ambient temperature X) Collector temperature and efficiency of the heat exchanger Y) Efficiency of the heat exchanger and temperature of the water Z) Tilt angle of the collector and collector temperature

Answer 48

ANSWER: W) COLLECTOR TEMPERATURE AND AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

Question 49

25) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice In which of the following types of interspecific interaction is there no negative effect on either species involved? W) Competition X) Commensalism Y) Herbivory Z) Predation

Answer 49

ANSWER: X) COMMENSALISM

Question 50

25) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer A cross between a male donkey (2n = 62) and female horse (2n = 64) results in a mule that is generally infertile. What is the diploid chromosome number for a mule?

Answer 50

ANSWER: 63