Route of Admin

Question 1

Is changing route of admin extra label use/

Answer 1

YES - residues!!

Question 2

What are the 2 types of systemic admin

Answer 2

Enteral and Parenteral

Question 3

What is enteral administration?

Answer 3

absorption in the GI tract

Question 4

What are examples of enteral admin?

Answer 4

PO, feeding tube, nasogastric tube

Question 5

What are the advantages of enteral admin? (3)

Answer 5

convenience (@ home)
feeding tubes in noncompliant patient
potential to decontam (vomit, lavage in toxicity)

Question 6

What are the disadvantages of enteral admin? (7)

Answer 6

compliance
palatability
slower action
food/drugs effect absorb
inactivation via low pH
GI integrity and activity
first pass metabolism

Question 7

Describe first pass metabolism.

Answer 7

goes through liver portal system for the first time

Question 8

What are the 3 portal systems?

Answer 8

hepatic, pituitary and renal

Question 9

What is a parenteral admin route?

Answer 9

any other than GI route

Question 10

What are the 4 parenteral routes?

Answer 10

injection, inhalation, topical, transrectal

Question 11

Advantages to IV admin?

Answer 11

rapid, highest concentration immediately
avoid irritation
catheters allow for constant concentration over time

Question 12

Disadvantages to IV admin?

Answer 12

side effects from [high]
phlebitis, thrombus
septic thrombophlebitis (long term catheters)
no home admin

Question 13

Advantages to IM admin?

Answer 13

rapid absorb [high]
longer action
home admin

Question 14

Disadvantages of IM admin?

Answer 14

incomplete absorb
pain, irritation
site infection/abscess
nerve damage
residues (food animal)

Question 15

Advantages to SQ admin?

Answer 15

slow absorb
longest duration
home admin

Question 16

Disadvantages or SQ admin?

Answer 16

more incomplete absorb
painful, irritation
infection, abscess
Residues (food animal)

Question 17

Where is intraosseous admin? When is it used?

Answer 17

in bone marrow, in neonates

Question 18

Advantages to IO admin?

Answer 18

Small P efficient
rapid access to emergency
CPR drugs admin
uncomplicated

Question 19

Disadvantages to IO admin?

Answer 19

short term only
some drugs can be used
special equipment needed
pain, risk of fracture

Question 20

Advantages of inhalation admin?

Answer 20

rapid, able in noncompliant small animals
rapid elimination via expiration

Question 21

Disadvantages of inhalation admin?

Answer 21

irritant, may not be tolerated in awake P

Question 22

What are the types of local admin?

Answer 22

transdermal, endotracheal, transmucosal

Question 23

What example is used for endotracheal admin?

Answer 23

CPR drugs - epi

Question 24

Two types of transmucosal?

Answer 24

intrabuccal
intranasal

Question 25

Where is intrabuccal absorbed?

Answer 25

oral cavity

Question 26

Where is intranasal absorbed?

Answer 26

nasal cavity dense plexus

Question 27

Advantages to topical admin?

Answer 27

longer duration, home admin, use if no other route avail

Question 28

Disadvantages to topical admin?

Answer 28

incomplete absorb, technical

Question 29

When is transrectal mostly used?

Answer 29

in anorexic patients

Question 30

Advantages to transrectal?

Answer 30

longer duration, at home admin, extra route

Question 31

Disadvantages to transrectal?

Answer 31

low bioavailability, first pass metablism

Question 32

Does local application imply no systemic absorption?

Answer 32

NO can have systemic side effects and residues

Question 33

Advantages of local routes

Answer 33

[high] at site of admin decrease system effects

Question 34

Disadvantages of local routes

Answer 34

irritant, technical

Question 35

How do you select route based on therapeutics?

Answer 35

Action, duration, site, adverse rxn, length of tx, home tx

Question 36

How do you select route based on drug factors?

Answer 36

irritation, pH, solubility, viscosity