Routes of administration Flashcards
What is enteral dosage form
Through the GI tract
What is rectal
Through the anus
What are parental
Given through tissue
What is respiratory
Drugs that are inhaled through the respiratory system
Local
What is sublingual administration
Drug is placed under the tongue
What is buccal administration
The drug is placed on the surface of the cheek
What is the peroral route
When a drug enters through the mouth into the GI tract then through the hepatic portal vein into the liver before entering circulation
What is the primary absorption site of the GI tract
The duodenum, it has a large SA due to the villi and microvilli.
Disadvantages of the oral delivery
Incomplete absorption and the hostile environments of the GI tract may alter the drug
Advantages of the rectal route
Can be used when patient is unable to take oral route e.g. vomiting. Also when doesn’t pass through the liver.
Disadvantages to the rectal route
Absorption isn’t consistent
What are the three main types of parental administration
Intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous
What is subcutaneous
Injection into the fatty tissue under the skin. Low vascularity so slow absorption
What is intrathecal
Injection into the spinal cord
What is intraarticular
Into a joint
What is intravitreal
Injection into the eyes
What intra-osseous
Into the marrow of long bones
What is intra-dermal
Into the upper layer of skin
What is intra-peritoneal
Into the peritoneal, (the area that contains abdominal muscles)
What are the two types of IV injection
Bonus and infusion
Bonus is injecting the blood stream with a drug to have an immediate effect
Infusion is constant input into the veins e.g. plasma drug
What is intra-arterial
Injecting into a specific artery to create a high concentration in that specific area before distribution int the rest of the body.
What is intramuscular
Injecting into a skeletal muscle. The rate of absorption dependant on the vascular it’s of the muscle. Long lasting action.
Topical route
Drug is applied onto the surface of the skin. Non invasive and absorption varies depending on the site of application
