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Ocular Pharmacology > Routes of Ocular Delivery > Flashcards

Routes of Ocular Delivery Flashcards

1
Q

Most commonly used mode of delivery for topical ocular medication

A

SOLUTIONS & SUSPENSIONS

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2
Q

Dispersion of drugs with low water solubiliy in finely divided forms and must be resuspended by shaking

A

Suspensions

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3
Q

Preferred than ointments which easily instilled and interfere less with vision

A

Solutions

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4
Q

4 Disadvantages of solutions and suspension

                SIFP
A
  1. Short ocular contact time
  2. Imprecise and inconsistent delivery of drug
  3. Frequent contamination
  4. Possibility of ocular injury with dropper tip
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5
Q

Techniques in Storage and Instillation of Solutions and suspensions

A

Stored in examination room
Inspection of drug every time medication is used
Refrigerator is needed

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6
Q

What minimizes nasolacrimal drainage or simple eyelid closure alone

A

pressure to the puncta and canaliculi for 2-3mins

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7
Q

Beta Blockers (Anti Glaucoma Drugs, Ocular Hpn and open angle glaucoma

A

Yellow or Blue or Both

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8
Q

Mydriatics and Cycloplegics (Papillary dilation, refraction in younger childern and anterior uveitis

A

Red

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9
Q

Miotics (managment of primary open angle glaucoma, reucs IOP)

A

Green

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10
Q

Non steroidal and Anti Inflammatory Drugs (alleviates pain and inflammation)

A

Gray

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11
Q

Anti-infective drugs (inhibits the spread of infection)

A

Tan/brown

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12
Q

Unit dose dispenser accommodates…

A

solution volume ranging from 0.1 - 0.6 mL

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13
Q

UNIT DOSE DISPENSERS:

A

Sprays
Ointments
Lid Scrubs
Gels
Hydrogel Contact Lenses
Collagen Shields
Filterpaper Strips
Cotton Pledgets
Artificial Tear Inserts
Membrane Boudn Inserts

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14
Q

10 Routes of Administration

A

Tropical Administration
Periocular Administration
Subconjunctival Infection
Anterior Sub Tenons Injection
Posterior Sub Tenons Injection
Retrobulbar Injection
Peribulbar Injection
Intracameral administration
Intravitreal Administration
Lontophoresis

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15
Q

An alternative method that maybe less irritating and less objectionable

A

SPRAYS

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16
Q

Can be produced by using a refillable perfume atomizer or???

A

Plastic spray bottle that has been sterilized with ethylene oxide gas or hydrogen peroxide

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17
Q

Contains mineral oil and a petroleum base when applied to the inferior conjunctival sac

A

Ointments

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18
Q

Acts as a reservoir and enhances drug contact time

A

ointments on the lid margin, mao na siya result rommmm

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19
Q

how many cm of ointment should you se at bedtime?

A

1cm

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20
Q

contact dermatitis, blurred vision and interference in wound healing.

A

complications of ointments

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21
Q

To aid in the removal of oils, debris or desquamanted akin associated with inflamed eyelid

A

LID SCRUBS

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22
Q

Can also be used for hygienic eyelid cleansing for contact lens wearers

A

LID SCRUBS

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23
Q

The practiced advantage of this sustained pulse delivery systems is the once daily dosage regimen, usually administered at bedtime

A

GELS

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24
Q

Minor side effects of GELS

A

Superficial corneal haze and SPK (superficial punctate keratitis)

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25
SOLID DELIVERY DEVICES
Hydrogel Contact Lenses,
26
Maximum drug delivery is obtained by pre soaking the lens and it uses disposable contsct lense
Hydrogel Conotional rin
27
appear to be of greatest clinical value in the treatment of BOLLUS KERATOPATHYM, dry eye syndrome and corneal conditions requiring protection
Hydrogel Contact Lens pud
28
A thin membrane of porcine and bovine sclera collagen that conform to the cornea when place on the eye which are packed hydrated state and require hydration before application
Collagen Shields
29
Sodium Flourescein and Rose Bengal are commercially available as drug impregnated filter paper strips
FILTER PAPER STRIPSs
30
easy administration to the eye in adequate amount of dosage and eliminates risks of solution contamination
FILTER PAPER STRIPS
31
Allows prolonged ocular contact time with solution
Cotton Pledgets
32
Clinical Use of Pledget
is usually reserves for administration of mydriatic solutions
33
Treatment for moderate to severe dry eye syndromes and is inserted to the inferior conjunctival sac
Artificial Tear Inserts
34
Most annoying side effct of Artificial Tear Inserts
BOV after 4 to 6 hrs and local discomfort
35
Thin, multi layered drg impregnated, copolymeric plastic devices placed into the conjunctival sac
36
OCUSERT
only device available in the US
37
How often is Membrane bound inserts inserted?
only once per week
38
Continuous Flow Devices
when what is required are large volumes of fluid such as in the treatment of acute chemical burns
39
Conventional Irrigating Systems
used in the initial treatment of ocular foreign bodies or chemical burns in an effort to dislodge the foreign materials
40
Also used to remove excessive drug from the eye after flourescein/rose bengal cl prcedure ex. normal saline solution
conventional irrigating system
41
when higher concentrations of drugs are required in the eye. particularly corticosteroid and antibiotics
conventiona irrigating system
42
this drug delivery includes subcnj, sub tenons, retrobulbar and peribulbar administration
conventional irrigating system
43
continuous irrigating system mnemonics: EUT
enables continuos delivery o fluid on long term basis USUALLY FOR NON AMBULATORY PXs
44
tubing is simple passed through the con fornix
continuous irrigating system
45
PERIOCULAR ADMINISTRATION
Subconjunctival injection Anterior Sub Tenons Injection Posterior Sub Tenons Injection Retrobulbar Injection Peribulbar
46
INTRAVITREAL ADMINISTRATION
injected directly on vitreous chamber which INCLUDES, antbacterial and antifungal agnets for endophthalmitis, antivirals for the treatment of vital retinitis, AIDS/CMV
47
INTRACAMERAL ADMINISTRATION
injecting drug directly into the anterior chamber of the eye Injection of viscoelastic substances into the Anterior Chamber during cataract extraction and glaucoma filtering surgeries
48
LONTOPHORESIS
used in the earlier parts of the century for the treatment off ocular infection ALMOST NEVER USED TODAY
49
Antibacterial and ANTIFUNGAL for:
endophthalmitis
50
Antivirals for:
treatment of vital retinitis, AIDS/CMV
51
Silicone Oil
injeted intravitreally for tx of complicated retinal detachments
52
PERIBULBAR INJECTION
consist of placing on or more injections of local anesthetic around the globe but not directly into the muscle cone
53
Major disaadvantage of Peribulbar injection
v low tissue drug concentrations during intervals between injections
54
The use of PERIOCULAR INJECTION less than 4-6weeks following cataract extraction is CONTRAINDICATED
TRUE
55
Most significant complication of Peribulbar
Accidental perforation of the globe
56
RETROBULBAR INJECTION (injection thru the SKIN of LOWER LID with a needle inserted immediately above the inferotemporal rim and directed towards the orbital apex)
principal use to anesthesize the globe for cataract extraction and other intraocular surgeries
57
POSTERIOR SUB TENONS INJECTION (CONJUNCTIVA or SKIN)
Used in Tx of CHRONIC EQUATORIAL AND MIDZONE POSTERIOR UVEITIS, including inflammation of the macular region
58
ANTERIOR SUB TENONS INJECTION (directly under the tenons capssule)
delivers lower quantities greater risk of perforating the globe occasionally used in the tx if SEVERE UVEITIS
59
SUBCONJUNCTIVAL INJECTION (between Anterior Conjunctiva and Tenons Capsule)
done in superotemporal quadrant
60
Greatest Clinical Benefit of Subconj:
TX of SEVERE CORNEAL DISEASE such as BACTERIAL ULCERS
61
4 Guidelines for clinical utilization of ointmentss
1. after intraocular surgery under a conjunctival flap 2. should not be used in surgery if there is a question in wound integrity 3. for superficia corneal abrasions 4. to corneal ulcers
62
CYCLOPLEGICS
Atropine Homatropine Scopolamine Cyclopentolate Tropicamide
63
HOMATTROPINE (Solanaceae family) 1/10 as potent as atropine
1% sol, max mydriasis occurs 40mins: 1-3 days recovery
64
for treatment of anterior uveitis
homatropine
65
Weak action in dark pigmented irides pxn not for fundus exam and cyclorefraction
HOMATROPINE
66
CONTRAINDICATIONS of HOMATROPINE
CNS toxicity in elderly
67
derived from hyosyanamus niger
SCOPOLAMINE (HYOSINE)
68
greater in size with atropine but shorter duration of mydriatic and cycloplegic
SCOPOLAMINE
69
INDICATED FOR CYCLOPLEGIC RETINOSCOPY AS SUBSTITUTE TO ATROPINE ALLERGIC PXs
SCOPOLAMINE
70
SIDE EFFECTS OF SCOPOLAMINE
CNS TOXICITY PREVENTS MOTION SICKNESS (Thru transdermal delivery
71
CYCLOPENTOLATE (1951) DOES NOT ALTER IOP onset begins:
in 5-20mins and reaches max in 20-30mins
72
FOR ROUTINE CYCLOREFRACTION
CYCLOPENTOLATE
73
SUPERIOR EFFECT TO THAT OF HOMATROPINE
CYCLOPENTOLATE
74
TRANSIENT STINGING ON INITIAL INSTILLATION
OCULAR EFFECTS
75
CYCLOPENTOLATE cns TOXICITY: caues more cns effects
SYSTEMIC EFFECTS
76
CONTRAINDICATIONS OF CYCLO
Infants and young children with spastic paralysis or brain damage
77
SYSNTHETC DERIVATIVE OF TROPIC ACID
TROPICAMIDE (1959) USED primarily for pupillary dilation
78
quickly diminished
TROPICAMIDE
79
open angle g;aucoma may have significant increase in IOP
tropicamide
80
CONTRAINDICATIONS OF TROPICAMIDE
PXS with narrow anterior chamber angles

Ocular Pharmacology (3 decks)

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