Routine Urinalysis- Microscope Exam of Urine

Question 1

Steps for proper speciman

Answer 1

Collection, Rapid transport to lab, and prompt examination (within 30 minutes-hour limit)

Question 2

Volume of urine evaluated

Answer 2

12 mL (10-15mL range)

Question 3

Centrifugation (speed and time)

Answer 3

400-450g for 5 minutes

Question 4

Urine volume to resuspend sediment ratio

Answer 4

12:1

Question 5

How many field of views for examination under microscope?

Answer 5

10-12

Question 6

In what type of urine do you see RBCs crenate

Answer 6

Hypertonic urine

Question 7

In what type of urine will you see RBC swell

Answer 7

Dilute or hypotonic urine (ghost RBC)

Question 8

WBC in urine is called __________ and indicates an __________________ and the normal WBC/hpf is _________

Answer 8

Leukocyturia, infection (bacterial, non-bacterial), 0-8WBC/hpf

Question 9

Non-granular WBC (lymphocytes) WILL or WILL NOT react with reagent strip creating a _______ ___________

Answer 9

WILL NOT react creating a FALSE NEGATIVE

Question 10

What is the most common type of epithelial cell found in urine?

Answer 10

Squamous epithelial cell

Question 11

Where do Squamous epithelial cells originate from?

Answer 11

superficial lining of urethra and vagina

Question 12

Transitional cell originate where?

Answer 12

lining of renal pelvis, ureters, BLADDER, upper urethra

Question 13

Increased numbers of Transitional epithelial cells may indicate what?

Answer 13

UTI, collection by catheterization, or malignancy

Question 14

Renal tubular epithelial cells originate in lining of renal tubules and increased numbers indicate…

Answer 14

tubular necrosis

Question 15

A clue cell is what type of cell with bacteria adhering to it? And presence of clue cells indicates what?

Answer 15

A squamous epithelial cell and may indicate bacterial vaginal infection.

Question 16

Transitional epithelial cells are much larger than WBC because of abundant cytoplasm. What is the nucleus to cytoplasm ratio?

Answer 16

~1:5

Question 17

Oval fat bodies (OFB) is what type of cell with absorbed fat?

Answer 17

Renal tubular epithelial

Question 18

The lab must see what using polarized microscopy to verify cell is OFB?

Answer 18

maltese cross

Question 19

OFB indicates what?

Answer 19

Pathology- associate with high protein in urine

Question 20

Large amounts of these may indicate improper collection technique

Answer 20

Squamous Epithelial cells

Question 21

Presence of casts reflect the health of the…

Answer 21

Renal tubules

Question 22

Normally, you can see few _________ casts or _______ casts

Answer 22

hyaline or granular

Question 23

Cast formation is increased by (4 things)

Answer 23

Acidity of urine, increased solute concentration, urine stasis, presence of plasma proteins

Question 24

The __________ cast is the most common cast seen in normal individuals (0-2 casts/lpf). Increased amounts seen with what?

Answer 24

Hyaline casts: seen with dehydration, fever, emotional stress, strenuous exercise

Question 25

RBC, WBC, epithelial, waxy, fatty, and broad casts are always

Answer 25

Pathologic

Question 26

True or false: 1) Casts are formed in the urine? 2) Acid pH and urine stasis are conductive for cast formation? 3) Casts are enumerated using high power objective? 4) Hyaline and RBC are not pathologic?

Answer 26

1) False 2) True 3) False 4) False

Question 27

If crystals are found in urine it is....

Answer 27

Pathologic

Question 28

All clinically significant crystals are found in (Acid urine/ alkaline urine)?

Answer 28

Acid urine

Question 29

Crystal formation is enhanced by (4 things)

Answer 29

Increased solute concentration, urine pH, urine stasis, and temperature (cooler temps)

Question 30

Normal acid pH crystals: (3)

Answer 30

Amorphous urates, uric acid, calcium oxalate

Question 31

The most frequently observed crystal in urine is

Answer 31

Calcium oxalate

Question 32

Normal Alkaline pH Crystals (3)

Answer 32

Amorphous phosphates, triple phosphate, ammonium biurate

Question 33

The most frequently observed crystal in alkaline urine is:

Answer 33

Triple phosphate crystals (coffin lid crystals)

Question 34

Pathologic crystals (acid, neutral pH): (5)

Answer 34

Cystine, tyrosine, leucine, cholesterol, bilirubin

Question 35

A positive ictotest will confirm what type of crystals

Answer 35

Bilirubin

Question 36

True or False: 1) Crystals are identified by shape and urine pH? 2) Uric acid crystals are found in acid urine and are shaped like a coffin lid? 3) Presence of ammonium biurate crystals indicate the urine is old? 4) Presence of bilirubin crystals indicate severe liver disease?

Answer 36

1- true 2- False 3- True 4- True

Question 37

Bacteria presence in urine may indicate what?

Answer 37

UTI or contamination

Question 38

You correlate nitrite reagent strip with what in urine?

Answer 38

Bacteria

Question 39

With bacteria in the urine, it is normally a ______ pH?

Answer 39

Alkaline

Question 40

This will not lyse with acetic acid or KOH

Answer 40

Yeast

Question 41

Are you have fun studying?

Answer 41

:) or :(