Routing Protocols Flashcards
(16 cards)
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
OSPF is a link-state routing protocol used in IP networks to determine the best path for data packets. It operates within an autonomous system and uses the Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the shortest path.
- Key Features:
- Uses areas to segment large networks (e.g., Backbone Area 0)
- Supports fast convergence and scalability
- Uses cost as a metric for path selection
- Exchanges routing information via Link-State Advertisements (LSAs)
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
BGP is an exterior gateway protocol used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems (ASes) on the internet. It is the backbone of internet routing.
- Key Features:
- Uses path attributes for route selection (e.g., AS Path, Local Preference)
- Supports IPv4 and IPv6 routing
- Uses TCP (port 179) for reliable communication
- Can be configured as iBGP (within an AS) or eBGP (between ASes)
VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks)
VLANs allow network segmentation at Layer 2, enabling logical grouping of devices regardless of physical location.
- Key Features:
- Reduces broadcast domains, improving network efficiency
- Uses 802.1Q tagging for VLAN identification
- Can be configured as Access VLANs (single VLAN per port) or Trunk VLANs (multiple VLANs per port)
- Enhances security by isolating traffic between VLANs
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)
STP prevents Layer 2 loops in Ethernet networks by creating a loop-free topology.
- Key Features:
- Uses Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU) to detect loops
- Elects a Root Bridge to determine the best path
- Blocks redundant links while allowing failover
- Variants include RSTP (Rapid STP) and MSTP (Multiple STP) for faster convergence
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
vs
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
**OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
- Type: Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)
- Use Case: Used within an autonomous system (AS) for internal routing.
- Algorithm: Uses the Dijkstra algorithm to find the shortest path.
- Convergence: Fast convergence time.
- Scalability: Works well for medium to large enterprise networks but requires more memory and CPU.
- Preferred Path: Chooses the fastest route based on cost metrics.
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
- Type: Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
- Use Case: Used between autonomous systems (ASes) for inter-domain routing (e.g., internet routing).
- Algorithm: Uses path vector routing and considers attributes like AS Path, Local Preference, and Next-Hop.
- Convergence: Slower convergence time compared to OSPF.
- Scalability: Highly scalable, used for large-scale networks like ISPs and cloud providers.
- Preferred Path: Determines the best path based on policy rather than speed.
Types of OSPF Route Summarization
- Inter-Area Summarization (ABR)
- Performed on Area Border Routers (ABRs) to summarize routes between OSPF areas.
Benefits of OSPF Summarization
- Reduces LSA flooding and improves convergence.
- Minimizes routing table size.
- Enhances network stability by limiting unnecessary route updates.
OSPF Considerations
- Only ABRs and ASBRs can perform summarization.
- Be specific with summarization to avoid unintended route aggregation.
- No automatic summarization (unlike EIGRP).
OSPF is a link-state routing protocol used in IP networks to determine the best path for data packets. It operates within an autonomous system and uses the Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the shortest path.
- Key Features:
- Uses areas to segment large networks (e.g., Backbone Area 0)
- Supports fast convergence and scalability
- Uses cost as a metric for path selection
- Exchanges routing information via Link-State Advertisements (LSAs)
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
BGP is an exterior gateway protocol used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems (ASes) on the internet. It is the backbone of internet routing.
- Key Features:
- Uses path attributes for route selection (e.g., AS Path, Local Preference)
- Supports IPv4 and IPv6 routing
- Uses TCP (port 179) for reliable communication
- Can be configured as iBGP (within an AS) or eBGP (between ASes)
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
VLANs allow network segmentation at Layer 2, enabling logical grouping of devices regardless of physical location.
- Key Features:
- Reduces broadcast domains, improving network efficiency
- Uses 802.1Q tagging for VLAN identification
- Can be configured as Access VLANs (single VLAN per port) or Trunk VLANs (multiple VLANs per port)
- Enhances security by isolating traffic between VLANs
VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks)
STP prevents Layer 2 loops in Ethernet networks by creating a loop-free topology.
- Key Features:
- Uses Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU) to detect loops
- Elects a Root Bridge to determine the best path
- Blocks redundant links while allowing failover
- Variants include RSTP (Rapid STP) and MSTP (Multiple STP) for faster convergence
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)
**OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
- Type: Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)
- Use Case: Used within an autonomous system (AS) for internal routing.
- Algorithm: Uses the Dijkstra algorithm to find the shortest path.
- Convergence: Fast convergence time.
- Scalability: Works well for medium to large enterprise networks but requires more memory and CPU.
- Preferred Path: Chooses the fastest route based on cost metrics.
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
- Type: Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
- Use Case: Used between autonomous systems (ASes) for inter-domain routing (e.g., internet routing).
- Algorithm: Uses path vector routing and considers attributes like AS Path, Local Preference, and Next-Hop.
- Convergence: Slower convergence time compared to OSPF.
- Scalability: Highly scalable, used for large-scale networks like ISPs and cloud providers.
- Preferred Path: Determines the best path based on policy rather than speed.
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
vs
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
- Inter-Area Summarization (ABR)
- Performed on Area Border Routers (ABRs) to summarize routes between OSPF areas.
Types of OSPF Route Summarization
- Reduces LSA flooding and improves convergence.
- Minimizes routing table size.
- Enhances network stability by limiting unnecessary route updates.
Benefits of OSPF Summarization
- Only ABRs and ASBRs can perform summarization.
- Be specific with summarization to avoid unintended route aggregation.
- No automatic summarization (unlike EIGRP).
OSPF Considerations
