RPh, April 2024 Flashcards
(82 cards)
1
Q
Prevents clot formation
A
Anti-thrombotic
2
Q
Platelet aggregation inhibitors
A
Aspirin/Acetyl Salicyclic Acid
3
Q
ADP receptor antagonist
A
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Ticlopidine
4
Q
Glycoprotein Platelet Inh.
A
Abciximab
Eptifibatide
Tirofiban
5
Q
Protease-activated receptor 1 antagonist
A
Vorapaxar
Atopaxar
6
Q
Nucleoside transport Inh.
A
Dipyridamole
7
Q
PDE-3 Inh.
A
Cilostazol (Pletaal)
8
Q
Thrombolytics
Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA’s)
A
-teplase
9
Q
Protease Inh. - HIV infection
For retroviral infection
A
-navir
10
Q
Opioid Toxicity Triad of Effects (CPR)
A
Comatose
Pinpoint pupils
Respiratory Depression
11
Q
Natural Penicillin (narrow spectrum penicillin)
- not resistant beta lactamase
- not effective G(-) - can be given only for G(+)
A
Pen G (Benzyl penicillin) IV, IM
Pen V (Phenoxymethyl penicillin) PO
12
Q
Amino Penicillin (broad spectrum penicillin)
- not resistant beta lactamase
- effective G(-) but need samahan ng Clavulanic Acid
A
AmOxicillin
AmPicillin
13
Q
Antistaphylococcal Penicillin (penicillinase resistant penicillin)
- resistant beta lactamase
- effective against G(-) (reserved)
A
Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin & Friends
14
Q
Antipseudomonal Penicillin (extended spectrum penicillin)
- not resistant beta lactamase
- effective against G(-)
A
Carbenicillin
Mezlocillin
Piperacillin (most potent against Pseudomonas)
Ticarcillin
Azlocillin
15
Q
1.InDuce
2. Inhibits
A
- Decrease concentration
- Increase concentration
16
Q
S1 License
A
Retail Distributor or Dispenser
(Pharmacist)
(Drug Preparations containing a controlled chemical)
17
Q
S2 License
A
Physician
18
Q
S3 License
A
Retail Distributor or Dispenser
(Pharmacist)
(DP, DDP, DD in any form)
19
Q
S4 license
A
Wholesaler/Distributor
20
Q
S-5-C license
A
ManufaCturer
21
Q
S-5-E license
A
Exporter
22
Q
S-5-D license
A
Bulk Depot/Storage
23
Q
S-5-I license
A
Importer
24
Q
Brand Name: Depo-ProveraⓇ
* Progesterone-derivative
* MOA: inhibits Gonadotropin Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone secretion (causes uterine lining to shed)
* Uses
- Contraceptive
- Treatment of Endometriosis
- Treatment of Endometrial Cancer (endometrial cancer cells shed)
A
Medroxyprogesterone
25
Brand Name: ZoladexⓇ
* MOA: synthetic analog of LHRH (Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone) inhibit the formation of sex hormones such as Estrogen and Testosterone (androgen)
* Treatment of breast cancer (estrogen dependent) and prostate cancer (androgen-dependent)
Goserelin
26
Brand Name: Nolvadex, SoltamoxⓇ
* MOA: SERM (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator)
* Treatment of breast (estrogen-dependent) Cancer
Tamoxifen
27
Brand Name: EulexinⓇ
* MOA: synthetic analog of LHRH (Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone) inhibit the formation of sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone
* Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Flutamide
28
treatment of BPH or Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Finasteride
29
treatment for BPH with HTN
Terazosin, Doxazosin
30
What drugs has a MOA:
PDE-3 inhibitors=↑ cAMP=↑ Ca+2 (+inotropy)
Ina at tsaka si Mil masyadong PDE-3
Inamrinone, Milrinone
31
Brand Name: ViagraⓇ
* Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor
* Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction
* A/E: Priapism - uncontrollable penile erection
Sildenafil
32
* First aminoglycoside to be discovered (Selman Waksman)
* Only Aminoglycoside used as a first line agent against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RIPE/S)
* Also used for the treatment of Tularemia or Rabbit Fever (Francisella tularensis)
Streptomycin
33
Brand Name: BactrimⓇ
* Combination of Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole (both exert and anti-bacterial effect)
* Dosage forms: tablet, suspension, parenteral
* Indications: UTI and PCP (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia)
Co-trimoxazole
34
MOA: (-) Dihydropteroate Synthetase
Sulfamethoxazole
35
MOA: Dihydrofolate Reductase
Trimethoprim
36
* Sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent
*MOA: competitive inhibitor of Dihydropteroate Synthetase
* In neonates, the drug may displace bilirubin, which then crosses the blood brain barrier, reaches the CNS causing KERNICTERUS
Sulfisoxazole
37
A/E: Sulfisoxazole / Sulfonamides
(CRANKS)
Crystalluria, Rashes, Anemia, Nausea, KERNICTERUS, SJS
38
BN: MacrobidⓇ, MacrodantinⓇ
* Urinary Antiseptic
* MOA: inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis
* Effective against G(+) and G(-) bacteria
NitrofURAntoin
39
* Treatment of TAPEWORM infections
Taenia saginata or Beef tapeworm
Taenia solium or Pork tapeworm
* MOA: inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in worms
Niclosamide
40
DOC for FLATWORMS
(when we PRAZ our hands is FLAT)
Praziquantel
41
Brand Name: UloricⓇ
* MOA: Non-purine XANTHINE oxidase inhibitor
* Treatment of Hyperuricemia (increase uric acid in the blood)
* Alternative to patients with Allopurinol allergy
Febuxostat
(this is only alternative but still the DOC for Gouty Arthritis is Allopurinol)
42
* ACE-inhibitor
* MOA: inhibit the conversion of
Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II (potent vasoconstrictor)
* Inhibits breakdown of bradykinins causing dry cough
* Alternative: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (-sartans)
Enalapril
43
* HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
* Given to patients with hypercholesterolemia
* May cause Rhabdomyolysis when taken with enzyme inhibitors
* Rhabdomyolysis- breakdown of skeletal muscles, resulting in the release of sarcoplasmic proteins (AST and CK) and electrolytes. It presents with myalgia (muscle pain) and muscle weakness (myasthenia)
Lovastatin
44
Brand Name: ProzacⓇ
* SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)
* Inhibit the reabsorption of Serotonin to the end plate of sending neuron
* May cause Serotonin Syndrome (Augmented ADR)
* Fever, Agitation, Sweating, Tremor
Fluoxetine
45
* A MACROLIDE antibiotic
* May cause Cholestatic hepatitis
(liver injury develops about 1-3 weeks after starting the medications;presented as JAUNDICE and right upper quadrant pain)
Erythromycin Estolate
46
* Released by Clostridium botulinum
* A neurotoxin (inhibits the release of Acetylcholine)
* Medicine: Treat blepharospasms (uncontrollable blinking) and strabismus (crossed eyes)
* Cosmetics: Prevent wrinkles and fine line formation
Botolinum Toxin A (BoTox A)
47
* Anticholinergic agent
* Bronchodilator (immediate relief of asthma)
* Tiotropium (longer duration) vs Ipratropium (shorter duration)
Ipratropium Bromide
48
* Synthetic Vasopressin or anti-diuretic hormone
* Indication: Diabetes Insipidus
Desmopressin
49
* Immunosuppressant
* Indication: prevent organ rejection
Sirolimus
50
Brand Name: BonamineⓇ
* Anti-histamine and anti-cholinergic
* For nausea, vomiting and dizziness caused by motion sickness
*Take 25-50 mg, 1 hour before traveling and another dose after 24 hours while travelling
Meclizine
51
* NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptor antagonist
* for Alzheimer's Disease accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and increase glutamate levels
Memantine
52
* Treatment of nicotine addiction
* Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist
Varenicline
53
The Dose of Heparin is expressed in
units
54
The Dose of Warfarin is expressed in
mg
55
Brand Name of Warfarin
Coumadin
56
What type of Antagonism is this:
Heparin + Protamine Sulfate = Neutralization
Chemical Antagonism
57
What type of Antagonism is this:
Warfarin + Vitamin K
Physiologic Antagonism
58
First B-lactamase resistant agent to be developed:
(cause interstitial nephritis)
Methicillin
59
* Penicillinase or B-lactamase resistant agent
* Others: Nafcillin, Cloxacillin and Dicloxacillin, Flucloxacillin
Oxacillin
60
*competitive inhibitor of DPP-4 (Dipeptidyl peptidase 4) and reduce the ability of the enzyme to inactivate the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP.
* Result: Insulin synthesis and secretion are increased and glucose secretion reduced
* Mx. Type II DM
Sitagliptin
61
* Beta-blocker with ISA
* Advantage: decrease blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance, while heart rate and cardiac output are maintained
* Other beta-blockers with ISA-Acebutolol and Penbutolol
Pindolol
62
* orally administered cyclopentyl guanosine analogue
* use: treatment of Hepatitis B virus infection
Entecavir
63
*Radiopaque contrast agent
*Allows organs and blood vessels to be seen more clearly on CT scan and Xrays
Iopamidol (contain Iodine)
64
Serotonin receptor antagonist
Use: to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy
Granisetron
65
* Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH)
* Longer duration of action than Unfractionated Heparin
* LMWH ROA: SC
* UFH ROA: IV or SC
* Other LMWH: Dalteparin, Tinzaparin
* Indications:
- DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis)
- Pulmonary embolism
- DIC - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy
Enoxaparin
66
* Brand Name: Tracrium
* Skeletal muscle relaxant during surgery or mechanical ventilation
* Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular blocker
Atracurium
67
* Reduced form of Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant (fight free radicals)
* MOA: repress melanin production by REDOX mechanisms
* The Philippine FDA has approved oral glutathione products as nutritional supplement (not as skin lightening)
* Injectable glutathione has been approved as a drug to protect cancer patients from the nerve side effects of cisplatin-based chemotherapy
Glutathione
68
DOC for Nematodes
Mebendazole
69
* used to treat infections caused by
worms such as Whipworm, Pinworm, Roundworm, Hookworm
* Available dosage forms: Oral tablet, Chewable tablet, Compounding powder
* NOT absorbed in the digestive tract making it effective medication for managing intestinal helminthic infections with very few side effects
Mebendazole
70
* Imidazoline derivative
* Dosage forms: eye drops and nasal spray
* Alpha-adrenergic agonist Causes vasoconstriction of conjunctival blood vessels to decrease eye redness caused by ocular irritants
Tetrahydrozoline
71
* Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
* Used in the treatment of advanced or
metastatic PANCREATIC or non-small cell LUNG cancer
Erlotinib
72
Filgrastim + PEG
Recombinant human granulocyte colony simulating factor (G-CSF)
Pegfilgrastim
73
* Human IgG monoclonal antibody that targets VEGF Blocks angiogenesis
* Anti-tumor (cancer) agent
Bevacizumab
74
A beta-lactamase inhibitor oftentimes
combined with Ampicillin
Sulbactam
75
Ampicillin (antibiotic) + Sulbactam (enzyme inhbitor) =
Unasyn
76
Most abundant enzyme in the liver
CYP 450
77
Absorption of Tetracyclines is decreased when taken with
Al, Mg, Fe
78
Absorption of Ciprofloxacin is decreased
when taken together with
Fe, Zn, Al and Mg containing drugs
79
Therapeutic dose of Morphine
15-30 mg q4h
80
Endocrine side effects
Ketoconazole
Cimetidine
81
Kernicterus
Sulfonamides (Sulfisoxazole)
82
Cholestatic Hepatitis (Jaundice)
Erythromycin Estolate
