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M3: Practice of Pharmacy > RPh, April 2024 > Flashcards

RPh, April 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

Prevents clot formation

A

Anti-thrombotic

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2
Q

Platelet aggregation inhibitors

A

Aspirin/Acetyl Salicyclic Acid

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3
Q

ADP receptor antagonist

A

Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Ticlopidine

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4
Q

Glycoprotein Platelet Inh.

A

Abciximab
Eptifibatide
Tirofiban

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5
Q

Protease-activated receptor 1 antagonist

A

Vorapaxar
Atopaxar

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6
Q

Nucleoside transport Inh.

A

Dipyridamole

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7
Q

PDE-3 Inh.

A

Cilostazol (Pletaal)

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8
Q

Thrombolytics
Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA’s)

A

-teplase

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9
Q

Protease Inh. - HIV infection
For retroviral infection

A

-navir

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10
Q

Opioid Toxicity Triad of Effects (CPR)

A

Comatose
Pinpoint pupils
Respiratory Depression

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11
Q

Natural Penicillin (narrow spectrum penicillin)
- not resistant beta lactamase
- not effective G(-) - can be given only for G(+)

A

Pen G (Benzyl penicillin) IV, IM
Pen V (Phenoxymethyl penicillin) PO

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12
Q

Amino Penicillin (broad spectrum penicillin)
- not resistant beta lactamase
- effective G(-) but need samahan ng Clavulanic Acid

A

AmOxicillin
AmPicillin

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13
Q

Antistaphylococcal Penicillin (penicillinase resistant penicillin)
- resistant beta lactamase
- effective against G(-) (reserved)

A

Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin & Friends

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14
Q

Antipseudomonal Penicillin (extended spectrum penicillin)
- not resistant beta lactamase
- effective against G(-)

A

Carbenicillin
Mezlocillin
Piperacillin (most potent against Pseudomonas)
Ticarcillin
Azlocillin

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15
Q

1.InDuce
2. Inhibits

A
  1. Decrease concentration
  2. Increase concentration
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16
Q

S1 License

A

Retail Distributor or Dispenser
(Pharmacist)
(Drug Preparations containing a controlled chemical)

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17
Q

S2 License

A

Physician

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18
Q

S3 License

A

Retail Distributor or Dispenser
(Pharmacist)
(DP, DDP, DD in any form)

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19
Q

S4 license

A

Wholesaler/Distributor

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20
Q

S-5-C license

A

ManufaCturer

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21
Q

S-5-E license

A

Exporter

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22
Q

S-5-D license

A

Bulk Depot/Storage

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23
Q

S-5-I license

A

Importer

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24
Q

Brand Name: Depo-ProveraⓇ
* Progesterone-derivative
* MOA: inhibits Gonadotropin Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone secretion (causes uterine lining to shed)
* Uses
- Contraceptive
- Treatment of Endometriosis
- Treatment of Endometrial Cancer (endometrial cancer cells shed)

A

Medroxyprogesterone

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25
Q

Brand Name: ZoladexⓇ
* MOA: synthetic analog of LHRH (Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone) inhibit the formation of sex hormones such as Estrogen and Testosterone (androgen)
* Treatment of breast cancer (estrogen dependent) and prostate cancer (androgen-dependent)

A

Goserelin

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26
Q

Brand Name: Nolvadex, SoltamoxⓇ
* MOA: SERM (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator)
* Treatment of breast (estrogen-dependent) Cancer

A

Tamoxifen

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27
Q

Brand Name: EulexinⓇ
* MOA: synthetic analog of LHRH (Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone) inhibit the formation of sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone
* Treatment of Prostate Cancer

A

Flutamide

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28
Q

treatment of BPH or Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

A

Finasteride

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29
Q

treatment for BPH with HTN

A

Terazosin, Doxazosin

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30
Q

What drugs has a MOA:
PDE-3 inhibitors=↑ cAMP=↑ Ca+2 (+inotropy)

Ina at tsaka si Mil masyadong PDE-3

A

Inamrinone, Milrinone

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31
Q

Brand Name: ViagraⓇ
* Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor
* Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction
* A/E: Priapism - uncontrollable penile erection

A

Sildenafil

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32
Q
  • First aminoglycoside to be discovered (Selman Waksman)
  • Only Aminoglycoside used as a first line agent against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RIPE/S)
  • Also used for the treatment of Tularemia or Rabbit Fever (Francisella tularensis)
A

Streptomycin

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33
Q

Brand Name: BactrimⓇ
* Combination of Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole (both exert and anti-bacterial effect)
* Dosage forms: tablet, suspension, parenteral
* Indications: UTI and PCP (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia)

A

Co-trimoxazole

34
Q

MOA: (-) Dihydropteroate Synthetase

A

Sulfamethoxazole

35
Q

MOA: Dihydrofolate Reductase

A

Trimethoprim

36
Q
  • Sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent
    *MOA: competitive inhibitor of Dihydropteroate Synthetase
  • In neonates, the drug may displace bilirubin, which then crosses the blood brain barrier, reaches the CNS causing KERNICTERUS
A

Sulfisoxazole

37
Q

A/E: Sulfisoxazole / Sulfonamides

(CRANKS)

A

Crystalluria, Rashes, Anemia, Nausea, KERNICTERUS, SJS

38
Q

BN: MacrobidⓇ, MacrodantinⓇ
* Urinary Antiseptic
* MOA: inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis
* Effective against G(+) and G(-) bacteria

A

NitrofURAntoin

39
Q
  • Treatment of TAPEWORM infections
    Taenia saginata or Beef tapeworm
    Taenia solium or Pork tapeworm
  • MOA: inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in worms
A

Niclosamide

40
Q

DOC for FLATWORMS

(when we PRAZ our hands is FLAT)

A

Praziquantel

41
Q

Brand Name: UloricⓇ
* MOA: Non-purine XANTHINE oxidase inhibitor
* Treatment of Hyperuricemia (increase uric acid in the blood)
* Alternative to patients with Allopurinol allergy

A

Febuxostat

(this is only alternative but still the DOC for Gouty Arthritis is Allopurinol)

42
Q
  • ACE-inhibitor
  • MOA: inhibit the conversion of
    Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II (potent vasoconstrictor)
  • Inhibits breakdown of bradykinins causing dry cough
  • Alternative: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (-sartans)
A

Enalapril

43
Q
  • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
  • Given to patients with hypercholesterolemia
  • May cause Rhabdomyolysis when taken with enzyme inhibitors
  • Rhabdomyolysis- breakdown of skeletal muscles, resulting in the release of sarcoplasmic proteins (AST and CK) and electrolytes. It presents with myalgia (muscle pain) and muscle weakness (myasthenia)
A

Lovastatin

44
Q

Brand Name: ProzacⓇ
* SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)
* Inhibit the reabsorption of Serotonin to the end plate of sending neuron
* May cause Serotonin Syndrome (Augmented ADR)
* Fever, Agitation, Sweating, Tremor

A

Fluoxetine

45
Q
  • A MACROLIDE antibiotic
  • May cause Cholestatic hepatitis
    (liver injury develops about 1-3 weeks after starting the medications;presented as JAUNDICE and right upper quadrant pain)
A

Erythromycin Estolate

46
Q
  • Released by Clostridium botulinum
  • A neurotoxin (inhibits the release of Acetylcholine)
  • Medicine: Treat blepharospasms (uncontrollable blinking) and strabismus (crossed eyes)
  • Cosmetics: Prevent wrinkles and fine line formation
A

Botolinum Toxin A (BoTox A)

47
Q
  • Anticholinergic agent
  • Bronchodilator (immediate relief of asthma)
  • Tiotropium (longer duration) vs Ipratropium (shorter duration)
A

Ipratropium Bromide

48
Q
  • Synthetic Vasopressin or anti-diuretic hormone
  • Indication: Diabetes Insipidus
A

Desmopressin

49
Q
  • Immunosuppressant
  • Indication: prevent organ rejection
A

Sirolimus

50
Q

Brand Name: BonamineⓇ
* Anti-histamine and anti-cholinergic
* For nausea, vomiting and dizziness caused by motion sickness
*Take 25-50 mg, 1 hour before traveling and another dose after 24 hours while travelling

A

Meclizine

51
Q
  • NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptor antagonist
  • for Alzheimer’s Disease accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and increase glutamate levels
A

Memantine

52
Q
  • Treatment of nicotine addiction
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist
A

Varenicline

53
Q

The Dose of Heparin is expressed in

A

units

54
Q

The Dose of Warfarin is expressed in

A

mg

55
Q

Brand Name of Warfarin

A

Coumadin

56
Q

What type of Antagonism is this:
Heparin + Protamine Sulfate = Neutralization

A

Chemical Antagonism

57
Q

What type of Antagonism is this:
Warfarin + Vitamin K

A

Physiologic Antagonism

58
Q

First B-lactamase resistant agent to be developed:
(cause interstitial nephritis)

A

Methicillin

59
Q
  • Penicillinase or B-lactamase resistant agent
  • Others: Nafcillin, Cloxacillin and Dicloxacillin, Flucloxacillin
A

Oxacillin

60
Q

*competitive inhibitor of DPP-4 (Dipeptidyl peptidase 4) and reduce the ability of the enzyme to inactivate the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP.
* Result: Insulin synthesis and secretion are increased and glucose secretion reduced
* Mx. Type II DM

A

Sitagliptin

61
Q
  • Beta-blocker with ISA
  • Advantage: decrease blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance, while heart rate and cardiac output are maintained
  • Other beta-blockers with ISA-Acebutolol and Penbutolol
A

Pindolol

62
Q
  • orally administered cyclopentyl guanosine analogue
  • use: treatment of Hepatitis B virus infection
A

Entecavir

63
Q

*Radiopaque contrast agent
*Allows organs and blood vessels to be seen more clearly on CT scan and Xrays

A

Iopamidol (contain Iodine)

64
Q

Serotonin receptor antagonist
Use: to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy

A

Granisetron

65
Q
  • Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH)
  • Longer duration of action than Unfractionated Heparin
  • LMWH ROA: SC
  • UFH ROA: IV or SC
  • Other LMWH: Dalteparin, Tinzaparin
  • Indications:
  • DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis)
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • DIC - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy
A

Enoxaparin

66
Q
  • Brand Name: Tracrium
  • Skeletal muscle relaxant during surgery or mechanical ventilation
  • Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular blocker
A

Atracurium

67
Q
  • Reduced form of Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant (fight free radicals)
  • MOA: repress melanin production by REDOX mechanisms
  • The Philippine FDA has approved oral glutathione products as nutritional supplement (not as skin lightening)
  • Injectable glutathione has been approved as a drug to protect cancer patients from the nerve side effects of cisplatin-based chemotherapy
A

Glutathione

68
Q

DOC for Nematodes

A

Mebendazole

69
Q
  • used to treat infections caused by
    worms such as Whipworm, Pinworm, Roundworm, Hookworm
  • Available dosage forms: Oral tablet, Chewable tablet, Compounding powder
  • NOT absorbed in the digestive tract making it effective medication for managing intestinal helminthic infections with very few side effects
A

Mebendazole

70
Q
  • Imidazoline derivative
  • Dosage forms: eye drops and nasal spray
  • Alpha-adrenergic agonist Causes vasoconstriction of conjunctival blood vessels to decrease eye redness caused by ocular irritants
A

Tetrahydrozoline

71
Q
  • Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
  • Used in the treatment of advanced or
    metastatic PANCREATIC or non-small cell LUNG cancer
A

Erlotinib

72
Q

Filgrastim + PEG
Recombinant human granulocyte colony simulating factor (G-CSF)

A

Pegfilgrastim

73
Q
  • Human IgG monoclonal antibody that targets VEGF Blocks angiogenesis
  • Anti-tumor (cancer) agent
A

Bevacizumab

74
Q

A beta-lactamase inhibitor oftentimes
combined with Ampicillin

A

Sulbactam

75
Q

Ampicillin (antibiotic) + Sulbactam (enzyme inhbitor) =

A

Unasyn

76
Q

Most abundant enzyme in the liver

A

CYP 450

77
Q

Absorption of Tetracyclines is decreased when taken with

A

Al, Mg, Fe

78
Q

Absorption of Ciprofloxacin is decreased
when taken together with

A

Fe, Zn, Al and Mg containing drugs

79
Q

Therapeutic dose of Morphine

A

15-30 mg q4h

80
Q

Endocrine side effects

A

Ketoconazole
Cimetidine

81
Q

Kernicterus

A

Sulfonamides (Sulfisoxazole)

82
Q

Cholestatic Hepatitis (Jaundice)

A

Erythromycin Estolate

M3: Practice of Pharmacy (8 decks)

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