RS: Kidney Disease Flashcards
(27 cards)
How is kidney filtration a good measure of renal health?
Reduction in kidney filtration may imply progressive kidney disease
What is GFR?
Glomerular Filtration Rate
What is the approximate GFR in makes and females?
Males: 125ml/min
Females: 115ml/min
What is the calculation for net filtration pressure?
Net filtration pressure = glomerular hydrostatic pressure - (Bowman’s capsule pressure + glomerular osmotic pressure)
What is the calculation for eGFR?
GFR= Kf x Net filtration pressure, where Kf is the glomerular filtration coefficient pressure per minute
How is the eGFR calculated?
Calculated by calculating the removal of creatinine from the body. Creatinine is a continuously produced by-product of muscle metabolism that is totally excreted by the kidneys, in the urea.
What factors cause the variation in creatinine production amongst individuals?
Sex, age, gender, and muscular physique and composition
What molecules are used as markers of kidney function?
Urea and creatinine
What is the normal level of creatinine in the urine?
62-106mol/L
How does age effect kidney function?
Kidney function declines with age because the number of functioning nephrons decreases and the GFR also decreases. This can lead to a reduction in the rate of renal clearance of drugs and a reduction in the capacity of an individual to respond to homeostatic changes.
What are the indicators of kidney disease?
- Reduced GFR
- Increased blood urea
- Increased serum creatinine levels
- Hypertension
- Abnormal urinalysis results
What happens when there is a loss of excretory function in the kidneys?
Retention of urea, creatinine, phosphate ions and drugs
What happens when there is a loss of regulatory function in the kidneys?
Retention of NaCl, water (oedema and hypertension), potassium (cardiac arrhythmia), and acid (acidosis)
What is the treatment for kidney disease?
Dialysis
Haemofiltration
What happens during dialysis?
Blood is perfumed in a countercurrent system against dialysate fluid.
What is haemofiltration?
Haemofiltration is a process that removes water, through a porous filter, and replaces it with an electrolyte solution
What is CKD?
Chronic Kidney Disease: progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function and functional nephrons over months to years.
What are the risk factors for CKD?
Diabetes mellitus Hypertension Age Sedentary lifestyle Obesity Glomerulonephritis (immunological) Polycystic Disease (congenital)
Why are mortality rates high in patients receiving dialysis?
Many uraemia toxins, including protein-bound and high molecular weight toxins, remain in the blood.
Patients receiving dialysis have been linked to high levels of cardiovascular co-morbidity (multiple diseases) and mortality (death) rates. Not all body toxins can be removed by dialysis, but can be removed by absorption currently being trialled in in-line therapy to augment haemodialysis.
What is AKI?
Acute Kidney Injury: loss of kidney function over days.
What are the causes of AKI?
Decreased blood supply to the kidneys (injuries, sepsis, heart failure), intra-renal abnormalities (poisons, drugs, ischemia) and post-renal obstructions (kidney stones).
What happens when there is the failure to produce EPO in the kidneys?
Palor and anaemia
What happens when there is failure to balance fluid by the kidneys?
Oedema and breathlessness
What happens when there is a failure to regulate electrolytes by the kidneys?
Cardiac arrhythmia
