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Clinical Approach > RSA/PSA/CSA > Flashcards

RSA/PSA/CSA Flashcards

(263 cards)

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1
Q

medium child
age

A

5-11 years

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2
Q

small child
age

A

1-4 years

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3
Q

Large infant
age

A

3-12 months

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4
Q

Newborn age
age

A

birth to 24 hours

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5
Q

small infant
age

A

under 3 months

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6
Q

SGA
size

A

Size 1
- 2-5 kg and not max side of gastric tube

Size 1.5
- 5-12 kg and the max size of the gastric tube is 10

size 2.0
- 10-25kg and max size gastric tube 12

size 2.5
- 25-35 kg and max size of gastric tube 12

size 3.0
- 30-60 kg and max size of gastric tube 12

size 4.0
- 50-90 kg and max size of gastric tube 12

size 5.0
- 90+ kg and max size of gastric tube 14

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7
Q

SGA
Precautions and side effects

A

Precautions
- inability to prepare the patient in the sniffing position
- patients who require high airway pressure
- paediatric patient who may have enlarged tonsils
- vomit in the airway

Side effects
- correct placement does not prevent passive regurgitation or gastric distension

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8
Q

SGA
contraindications

A
  • intact gag reflex or resistance to insertion
  • strong jaw tone or trismus
  • suspected epiglottitis or upper airway obstruction
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9
Q

SGA
Indications

A
  • unconscious patient without gag reflex
  • ineffective ventilation with BVM and basic airway management
  • > 10 minutes of assisted ventilation required
  • unable to intubate
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10
Q

cool, pale, and clammy
20 bpm
60 BP
unconscious

A

extremely poor perfusion

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11
Q

cool, pale, and clammy
80 bpm
80 BP
alert and orientated to time and place

A

Borderline

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12
Q

cool, pale, and clammy
140 bpm
50 BP
altered conscious state

A

extremely poor perfusion

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13
Q

cool, pale, and clammy
40 bpm
40 BP
unconscious

A

extremely poor perfusion

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14
Q

cool, pale, and clammy
130bpm
60 BP
altered conscious state

A

Extremely poor perfusion

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15
Q

cool, pale, and clammy
70bpm
70BP
altered conscious state

A

Inadequate perfusion

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16
Q

warm pink and clammy
90bpm
90 BP
alert and orientated

A

Borderline perfusion

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17
Q

mildly anxious
full sentences
mild expiratory wheeze and some find crackles
21
slightly prolonged expiratory phase
90
normal skin
alert

A

moderate distress

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18
Q

Distressed and fighting to breathe
Unable to cough, with expiratory wheeze and inspiratory wheeze
26
prolonged expiratory phase
marked chest movement
120bpm
pale and sweaty
altered conscious state

A

Severe distress

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19
Q

distressed and anxious
words only
able to cough but has an expiratory wheeze and crackles at the bases
22
prolonged expiratory phases
marked chest movement with excessive use of accessory muscles
120
pale and sweaty
conscious may be altered

A

severe distress

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20
Q

Distressed
short phrases only
mild expiratory wheeze and some fine crackles
22
prolonged expiratory wheeze
marked chest movement with excessive
120bpm
pale and sweaty
may be altered

A

Moderate distress

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21
Q

Calm, quiet
Full sentences
mild expiratory wheeze
18
regular even cycles
slight increase in normal chest movement
80bpm
normal skin
alert

A

Mild distress

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22
Q

child > 4 years old
CS - motor
none

A

1

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23
Q

child > 4 years old
CS - motor
abnormal extension to pain

A

2

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24
Q

child > 4 years old
CS - motor
abnormal flexion to pain

A

3

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25
child > 4 years old CS - motor withdraws from pain
4
26
child > 4 years old CS - motor localises to pain
5
27
child > 4 years old CS - motor obeys command
6
28
child > 4 years old CS - verbal None
1
29
child > 4 years old CS - verbal Incomprehensible sounds
2
30
child > 4 years old CS - verbal Inappropriate words
3
31
child > 4 years old CS - verbal confused
4
32
child > 4 years old CS - verbal orientated
5
33
child > 4 years old CS - eye-opening None
1
34
child > 4 years old CS - eye-opening To pain
2
35
child > 4 years old CS - eye-opening To voice
3
36
child > 4 years old CS - eye-opening Spontaneous
4
37
child ≤ 4 years old CS - motor None
1
38
child ≤ 4 years old CS - motor Abnormal extension to pain
2
39
child ≤ 4 years old CS - motor Abnormal flexion to pain
3
40
child ≤ 4 years old CS - motor Withdraws from pain
4
41
child ≤ 4 years old CS - motor Localises to pain
5
42
child ≤ 4 years old CS - motor Spontaneous
6
43
child ≤ 4 years old CS - verbal None
1
44
child ≤ 4 years old CS - verbal Moans to pain
2
45
child ≤ 4 years old CS - verbal Persistently irritable
3
46
child ≤ 4 years old CS - verbal Cries but consolable
4
47
child ≤ 4 years old CS - verbal appropriate words/social smile
5
48
child ≤ 4 years old CS - Eyes None
1
49
child ≤ 4 years old CS - Eyes To pain
2
50
child ≤ 4 years old CS - Eyes To voice
3
51
child ≤ 4 years old CS - Eyes spontaneous
4
52
Paediatric weight 10 - 11 years
Age x 3.3kg
53
Paediatric weight 1-9 years
Age x 2 + 8kg
54
Paediatric weight 1 year
10kg
55
Paediatric weight 6 months
8kg
56
Paediatric weight 3 months
6kg
57
Paediatric weight <24 hours
3.5kg
58
Newborn heart rate HR and BP
HR 110-170 BP > 60mmHg systolic
59
small infant HR and BP
HR 110-170bpm BP > 60mmHg systolic
60
large infant HR and BP
HR 105 - 165bpm BP > 65mmHg systolic
61
small child HR and BP
HR 85 - 150bpm BP > 70mmHg systolic
62
medium child HR and BP
HR 70 - 135bpm BP > 80mmHg systolic
63
newborn RR
25 - 60 breaths/minute
64
small infant RR
25 - 60 breaths/minute
65
large infant RR
25 - 55 breaths/minutes
66
small child RR
20 - 40 breaths/minute
67
medium child RR
16 - 34 breaths/minute
68
SpO <85% what to do/what level is it
Severe or critical illness Hypoxaemia non - rebreather mask (10-15L.min) consider BVM as requied
69
Severe SpO2 what to do/what level is it
Hypoxaemia SpO <85% or critical illness non - rebreather mask (10-15L.min) consider BVM as requied
70
SpO2 85 - 91% what to do/what level is it
Mild - Moderate Hypoxaemia Titrate O2 to SpO2 92 - 96% - nasal cannula (2-6L/min) or - simple face mask (5-10L/min)
71
Mild - Moderate SpO2 what to do/what level is it
SpO2 85 - 91% Hypoxaemia Titrate O2 to SpO2 92 - 96% - nasal cannula (2-6L/min) or - simple face mask (5-10L/min)
72
≥ 92% what to do/what level is it
Adequate SpO2 no O2 required
73
Adequate SpO2
≥ 92% No O2 required
74
medium child RR
16 - 34 breaths/minute
75
small child RR
20 - 40 breaths/minute``
76
large infant RR
25 - 55 breaths/minutes
77
small infant RR
25 - 60 breaths/minute
78
newborn RR
25 - 60 breaths/minute
79
Paediatrics RR 16 - 34
medium child
80
Paediatrics RR 20 - 40 breaths/minute
small child
81
Paediatrics RR 25 - 55 breaths/minute
large infant
82
Paediatrics RR 25 - 60 breaths/minute
newborn small infant
83
Paediatrics 70 - 135bpm (HR) > 80mmHg (BP)
medium child
84
Paediatrics 85 - 150bpm (HR) > 70mmHg systolic (BP)
small child
85
Paediatrics 105 - 165 (HR) > 65mmHg systolic (BP)
large infant
86
Paediatrics 110 - 170bpm (HR) > 60mmHg systolic (BP)
newborn Small infant
87
medium child HR and BP
HR 70 - 135bpm BP > 80mmHg systolic
88
small child HR and BP
HR 85 - 150bpm BP > 70mmHg systolic
89
large infant HR and BP
HR 105 - 165bpm BP > 65mmHg systolic
90
small infant HR and BP
HR 110-170bpm BP > 60mmHg systolic
91
Newborn heart rate HR and BP
HR 110-170 BP > 60mmHg systolic
92
E - to pain V - inappropriate words M - withdraws to pain
9
93
E - to voice V - incomprehensible sounds M - extension to pain
7
94
E - to pain V - confused M - flexion to pain
9
95
E - spontaneous V - inappropriate words M - localises to pain
12
96
PSA unconscious
no perfusion
97
PSA altered or unconscious
extremely poor perfusion
98
PSA either alert and orientated to time and place or altered
inadequate perfusion
99
PSA alert and orientated to time and place
adequate perfusion borderline perfusion
100
PSA cool, pale, clammy
inadequate perfusion borderline perfusion extremely poor perfusion no perfusion
101
PSA warm, pink, dry
adequate perfusion
102
PSA unrecordable
no perfusion
103
PSA < 60 systolic or unrecordable
extremely poor perfusion
104
PSA 60 - 80 systolic
Inadequate perfusion
105
PSA 80 - 100 systolic
borderline perfusion
106
PSA BP > 100 systolic
adequate perfusion
107
PSA no palpable pulse
no perfusion
108
PSA <50 or > 110 bpm
extremely poor perfusion
109
PSA <50 or >100 bpm
inadequate perfusion
110
PSA 50 - 100 bpm
borderline perfusion
111
PSA 60 - 100 bpm
adequate perfusion
112
RSA > 120 bpm
severe distress
113
RSA 100 - 120 bpm
moderate distress
114
RSA 60 - 100 bpm
normal mild distress
115
RSA > 20 < 8 (bradypnoea)
severe distress
116
RSA >20 RR
moderate distress
117
RSA 16 - 20 RR
mild distress
118
RSA 12 - 16 RR
normal
119
RSA distressed, anxious, fighting to breathe, exhausted, catatonic
severe distress
120
RSA calm or mildly anxious
mild distress
121
RSA calm, quiet
normal
122
RSA altered or unconscious
severe distress
123
RSA may be altered
moderate distress
124
RSA alert
normal mild distress
125
RSA pale and sweaty, +/- cyanosis
severe distress
126
RSA pale and sweaty
moderate distress
127
RSA normal skin
normal mild distress
128
RSA marked chest movement +/- use of accessory muscle
moderate distress
129
RSA slight increase in normal chest movement
mild distress
130
RSA normal chest movement
normal
131
RSA words only or unable to speak
severe distress
132
RSA short phrases only
moderate distress
133
RSa full sentences
mild distress
134
RSA clear and steady sentences
normal
135
RSA Asthma - prolonged expiratory phase
moderate distress severe distress
136
RSA Asthma - may have a slightly prolonged expiratory phase
mild distress
137
RSA regular even cycles
normal
138
RSA unable to cough
severe distress
139
RSA Upper airway obstruction - inspiratory stridor
severe distress
140
RSA Asthma- expiratory wheeze +/- inspiratory wheeze, maybe no breath sounds (late)
severe distress
141
RSA LVF - crackles at bases - to mid-zone
moderate distress
142
RSA Asthma - expiratory wheeze, +/- inspiratory wheeze
moderate distress
143
RSA LVF - there may be some fine crackles at the bases
mild distress
144
RSA asthma - mild expiratory wheeze
mild distress
145
RSA able to cough
normal mild distress moderate distress
146
RSA no crackles or scattered fine basal crackles
normal
147
RSA usually quiet no wheeze
normal
148
PSA unconscious
no perfusion
149
PSA altered or unconscious
extremely poor perfusion
150
PSA either alert and orientated to time and place or altered
inadequate perfusion
151
PSA alert and orientated to time and place
adequate perfusion borderline perfusion
152
PSA cool, pale, clammy
borderline perfusion inadequate perfusion extremely poor perfusion no perfusion
153
PSA warm, pink, dry
adequate perfusion
154
RSA HR - 140
severe distress
155
RSA HR - 105
moderate distress
156
RSA HR - 75
normal mild distress
157
RSA HR - 90
normal mild distress
158
RSA HR - 62
normal
159
RSA HR - 110
moderate distress
160
RSA HR - 125
severe distress
161
RSA HR - 80
normal Mild
162
RSA RR - 21
moderate distress severe distress
163
RSA RR - 8
severe distress
164
RSA RR - 17
mild distress
165
RSA RR - 26
severe distress
166
RSA RR - 12
normal
167
RSA RR - 6
severe distress
168
RSA RR - 22
moderate distress severe distress
169
RSA RR - 18
mild distress
170
RSA RR - 14
normal
171
PSA Pulse - 50
borderline perfusion
172
PSA Pulse - 90
adequate perfusion borderline perfusion
173
PSA Pulse - 30
inadequate perfusion extremely poor perfusion
174
PSA Pulse - 62
adequate perfusion
175
PSA Pulse - 70
adequate perfusion borderline perfusion
176
PSA Pulse - 105
inadequate perfusion
177
PSA Pulse - 120
extremely poor perfusion
178
PSA Pulse - 40
inadequate perfusion extremely poor perfusion
179
PSA Pulse - 55
borderline perfusion
180
PSA Pulse - 80
adequate perfusion borderline perfusion
181
PSA BP - 95
borderline perfusion
182
PSA BP - 105
adequate perfusion
183
PSA BP - 50
extremely poor perfusion
184
PSA BP - 61
Inadequate perfusion
185
PSA BP - 110
adequate perfusion
186
PSA BP - 90
borderline perfusion
187
PSA BP - 75
inadequate perfusion
188
PSA BP - 40
extremely poor perfusion
189
PSA BP - 90
borderline perfusion
190
PSA BP - 120
Adequate perfusion
191
Red flag
HR - >120 RR - >30 BP - <90 SpO2 < 90% (unless chronic hyperaemia) GCS < 13 - <15 if age is ≤15 yrs
192
other illnesses affecting SpO2 levels
Cardiac arrest or resuscitation Major trauma Shock Severe sepsis Anaphylaxis Status epilepticus Ketamine sedation
193
normal temperature
36.5-37.5
194
normal blood glucose levels
4-8
195
Time critical - Vital signs
HR - <60 or >120 RR - <10 or >30 Systolic BP - <90 SpO2 - <90% ≥16 GCS - <13 ≤15 GCS - <15
196
CSA (motor response) none
1
197
CSA (motor response) extension to pain
2
198
CSA (motor response) flexion to pain
3
199
CSA (motor response) withdraws to pain
4
200
CSA (motor response) localises to pain
5
201
CSA (motor response) obeys command
6
202
CSA (verbal response) none
1
203
CSA (verbal response) incomprehensible sounds
2
204
CSA (verbal response) inappropriate words
3
205
CSA (verbal response) confused
4
206
CSA (verbal response) orientated
5
207
CSA (eye-opening) none
1
208
CSA (eye-opening) to pain
2
209
CSA (eye-opening) to voice
3
210
CSA (eye-opening) spontaneous
4
211
5-11 years
medium child
212
1-4 years
small child
213
3-12 months
large infant
214
birth to 24 hours
Newborn age
215
under 3 months
small infant
216
child > 4 years old CS - motor 1
none
217
child > 4 years old CS - motor 2
abnormal extension to pain
218
child > 4 years old CS - motor 3
abnormal flexion to pain
219
child > 4 years old CS - motor 4
withdraws from pain
220
child > 4 years old CS - motor 5
localises to pain
221
child > 4 years old CS - motor 6
obeys command
222
child > 4 years old CS - verbal 1
none
223
child > 4 years old CS - verbal 2
Incomprehensible sounds
224
child > 4 years old CS - verbal 3
Inappropriate words
225
child > 4 years old CS - verbal 4
confused
226
child > 4 years old CS - verbal 5
orientated
227
child > 4 years old CS - eye-opening 1
none
228
child > 4 years old CS - eye-opening 2
To pain
229
child > 4 years old CS - eye-opening 3
To voice
230
child > 4 years old CS - eye-opening 4
Spontaneous
231
child ≤ 4 years old CS - motor 1
none
232
child ≤ 4 years old CS - motor 2
Abnormal extension to pain
233
child ≤ 4 years old CS - motor 3
Abnormal flexion to pain
234
child ≤ 4 years old CS - motor 4
Withdraws from pain
235
child ≤ 4 years old CS - motor 5
Localises to pain
236
child ≤ 4 years old CS - motor 6
Spontaneous
237
child ≤ 4 years old CS - verbal 1
None
238
child ≤ 4 years old CS - verbal 2
Moans to pain
239
child ≤ 4 years old CS - verbal 3
Persistently irritable
240
child ≤ 4 years old CS - verbal 4
Cries but consolable
241
child ≤ 4 years old CS - verbal 5
appropriate words/social smile
242
child ≤ 4 years old CS - Eyes 1
none
243
child ≤ 4 years old CS - Eyes 2
to pain
244
child ≤ 4 years old CS - Eyes 3
to voice
245
child ≤ 4 years old CS - Eyes 4
spontaneous
246
Paediatric weight Age x 3.3kg
10 - 11 years
247
Paediatric weight Age x 2 + 8kg
1-9 years
248
Paediatric weight 10kg
1 year
249
Paediatric weight 8kg
6 months
250
Paediatric weight 6kg
3 months
251
Paediatric weight 3.5
<24 hours
252
EtCO2 range
35- 45mmHg
253
Nebuliser face mask for drug administration how many litres
8-10L/min
254
CPAP contraindications
- Inability to manage own airway (alter conscious state, active vomiting or excessive secretions) - upper airway obstruction - Hypoventilation (patient must have adequate spontaneous respirations) - untreated tension pneumothorax (must be treated before considering CPAP) - Haemodynamic instability (severe hypotension, ventricular arrhythmias - should all be treated before considering) - Injuries that preclude mask application
255
CPAP precautions
- hypovolemia - post chest decompression (closely monitor) - COPD (monitor for deterioration) - Hypotension
256
CPAP Indications for it to be removed
- Cardiac/respiratory arrest - Pt agitation/intolerance - No improvements after 1hr - HR <50 - SBP <90 - GCS <13 - Decreasing SpO2 - Loss of airway control - Copious secretion - Active vomiting - Paramedic judgement of Pt deterioration
257
Adolescents Age
12-15 years
258
Adolescents HR and BP
60-120 >90
259
Adolescents RR
14-26
260
Adolescents weight
based on pt size
261
Paediatrics 60 - 120bpm (HR) > 90mmHg systolic (BP)
Adolescents
262
Paediatrics RR 14 - 26
Adolescents
263
Paediatrics age 12-15
Adolescents

Clinical Approach (4 decks)

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